Introduction. Ecuador occupies the fourth place in cocoa exports with 293,487 tons per year, produced on 559,617 hectares. However, its yield per hectare is low mainly due to the presence of pathogens that affect the pods. Objective. To evaluates different methods of control of pathogens of the ...

Fungal diseases, and their management, severely limit the production of cocoa in Peru. In that context, UNAS initiated a systematic and consistent program of: disease survey, pathology biology studies, epidemiological and progress studies, determination of control strategies and evaluation of the...

Cacao is one of the main crops of agricultural exports and is a generator of jobs, Of the 130 thousand hectares of cocoa that provide occupation around 450 thousand people, however productivity is greatly affected each campaign because of the high severity of the disease. Monilisis of cocoa caused...

This paper provides information on the current situation of economically important cocoa diseases in Mexico and the various methods used in their management (cultural, chemical, biological and integrated control). The losses caused by Moniliophthora roreri on the cocoa industry in Mexico and its...

BACKGROUND: Using conventional pesticides in crop protection has raised serious environmental concerns and there is therefore a need for integrated pest management (IPM) methods. In this paper, we found that the spacing of trees can impact disease, which could result in a reduction in pesticide...

This chapter discusses the advances in biological control of cacao diseases over the last 15 years. Most attention has been focused on biological control of frosty pod rot (Moniliophthora roreri), witches' broom (Moniliophthora perniciosa) and black pod disease (Phytophthora spp.). Research on...

Tabasco, México is the main cacao-producing State and concentrates 70% of the national cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) crop. Moniliophthora roreri, causal agent of frosty pod rot of cacao (FPR), is the main parasitic infestation that limits cacao production in the state; losses caused by this parasite...

Studies were conducted to evaluate Moniliophthora roreri control by analysing incidence and severity parameters using native and commercial strains of Trichoderma spp., combined with agronomic practices (AP). Ten treatments that included agronomic practices, biological products, native fungal...

Vegetation composition and plant spatial structure affect disease intensity through resource and microclimatic variation effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the independent effect and relative importance of host composition and plant spatial structure variables in explaining disease...

The fungus Moniliophthora roreri, causal agent of frosty pod rot, is the main limiting disease of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) production in Tabasco, México. The fungicide azoxystrobin was assessed as a healing agent of M. roreri. In vitro, azoxystrobin at 450 mg L^-1 inhibited 100% of the conidial...