This guide is intended as an aid for managers of sentinel plantings, botanical gardens or arboreta, as well as phytosanitary inspectors, who may have knowledge of common pests and diseases of woody plants, but may not know the likely cause of damage that they have not encountered before. It aims to ...

This chapter introduces a guide for managers of sentinel plantings, botanical gardens or arboreta, as well as phytosanitary inspectors, who may have knowledge of common pests and diseases of woody plants, but may not know the likely cause of damage that they have not encountered before, for...

This chapter provides diagnostic keys to damage, caused by biotic (including pathogens and pests) and abiotic factors (such as heat, frost or fertilizers), on foliage; flowers, fruits and seeds; stems, branches and twigs; shoots and buds; and to roots and collars of broadleaf and coniferous woody...

This chapter discusses how to diagnose the damaging agents of woody plants on the field. It is established that it is important to remember that in many cases, a reliable diagnosis requires specialized analysis to detect or identify the causal agent or to determine other parameters that may be...

This chapter provides general recommendations for collection and sample preservation of arthropod pests of woody sentinel plants for further analysis. Examination and sampling approaches are given for arthropods damaging foliage, shoots, twigs, branches, stems, flowers, fruits, cones, seeds and...

This chapter provides general recommendations for sampling and sample preservation of pathogens of woody sentinel plants for further analysis. Procedures are given for sample collection of symptomatic bark, wood, shoots, leaves/needles and roots.

This chapter describes and illustrates the damage types (including the possible damaging agents) to leaves of broadleaf woody plants: skeletonisation (insects), perforation and shot holes (insects and fungi), cut-outs (insects), rough eating (insects), leaf rolling (insects), leaf curling (insects, ...

This chapter describes and illustrates the damage types (including the possible damaging agents) to reproductive structures of broadleaf woody plants: flower (blossom, catkin, flower-head) galling (insects, mites, fungi, bacteria and phytoplasma), bacterial blight (Erwinia), internal and external...

This chapter describes and illustrates the damage types (including the possible damaging agents) to stems, branches and twigs of broadleaf woody plants: root and stem rot (Oomycetes), vascular diseases (Hypocreales, Ophiostomales), frass and dust on the bark and/or at the tree base (insects),...

This chapter describes and illustrates the damage types (including the possible damaging agents) to shoots and buds of broadleaf woody plants: abiotic damage (heat or freezing temperatures, frost and ice glaze, hail storms, misapplied fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, salts, nutrient imbalance,...