The aim of the study was (i) to analyze the selected costs of silviculture and forest protection against game and (ii) to determine the relationship between the presence of deer in forest ecosystems and the value of selected costs in the forest districts of the Regional Directorate of the State...

Part 2 of this series looked at silvicultural and wider environment matters affecting deer and highlighted the need to incorporate deer-resilience into Woodland Management Plans. This article explores this topic, as well as the need to consider deer when designing new woodlands, some of which are...

Well-designed, robust partnerships are important for addressing forest resource problems that intersect diverse ownerships, management, and research expertise. Here, we describe a case study of a research-management partnership. First, we describe the rationale and design of a large-scale,...

Besides traditional timber production, other forest functions, such as biodiversity and recreation, have gained increasing importance during the last few decades. Demands on forests have become more diversified, thus making forest management and planning more complex. To meet these challenges,...

Single-tree selection silviculture management of northern hardwood forests relies on natural tree regeneration for long-term sustainability, yet current trends in tree regeneration and recruitment elicit concern. Low densities of economically valuable sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) in...

Policies that attempt to balance timber production with non-market values that forests provide are common across the United States. Such is the case in northern Maine, USA, where management of critical areas of mature softwood-dominated forest are regulated through the State's primary wildlife...

In Turkey forest almost all run by the state, silvicultural practices are made for sustainable management and wood product. Forests not only wood product, but also provide various functions such as wildlife habitat. The thinning practices affect wildlife. It is necessary to know of effects of...

1. As global terrestrial biodiversity declines via land-use change, society has placed increasing value on non-commercial species as providers of ecosystem services. Yet, many deer species and non-crop plants are perceived negatively when they decrease crop productivity, leading to reduced economic ...

The Massif de la Hardouinais in the Côte d'Armor in France has suffered significant decline in forest stands, forcing the manager to renew several hundred hectares in a short time by planting. The historic presence of the deer in this massif forced the manager to innovate to reconcile the...

This article describes the management of deer impacts in the silvicultural environment. The article explores the actions needed to implement to improve tree species resilience to deer.