Forest ecosystems are important providers of ecosystem functions and services belonging to four categories: supporting, provisioning, regulating and cultural ecosystem services. Forest management, generally focused on timber production, has consequences on the ability of the system to keep...

Forest management decisions about species mixture and harvest time are usually bound to economic considerations. Ecosystem services (ES), aside from timber production, are hardly considered. Although the consideration of multiple ES became common in recent years, it is still unclear how ES can be...

Selection silviculture aims to create and maintain uneven-aged forests with a diameter at breast height (DBH) structure that is balanced at small spatial scales such that the stem number in each DBH class is high enough to replace the harvested and outgrowing trees over time by ingrowth from the...

This study was mainly aimed at constructing polymorphic site index curves for beech in the central (Rudnik mountain - RU, about 15,000 ha) and eastern (Žagubica - ŽA, about 7,000 ha) part of its distribution in Serbia. To obtain suitable height-age data and evaluate the best-fit growth model we...

Forest management mainly controls wood growth through the regulation of stand density. Knowledge of the growth-density relationship is based on numerous studies in pure stands. Currently, in times of more climate plasticity and more nature-oriented forests, silviculture with mixed stands is...

This work summarizes the history and development of the research on silviculture in the former Czechoslovakia. A different approach of the silviculture research reflecting various site conditions was presented separately for the Bohemian area (later Czech Republic) and Slovakia (later Slovak...

The case study analyses the structure and dynamics of the diameter growth on the example of two fir-spruce forest stands under conversion to a selection forest. In a series of 51 circular research plots (size 500 m²), the biometric characteristics (tree species, diameter at breast height, height)...

Climate-adaptive forest management aims to sustain the provision of multiple forest ecosystem services and biodiversity (ESB). However, it remains largely unknown how changes in adaptive silvicultural interventions affect trade-offs and synergies among ESB in the long term. We used a...

The present paper intends for the first time to frame common beech from the Southern Carpathians in the smart forest's category, a new concept similar with Climate-Smart Agriculture. This framing is based on data from forest management plans characteristic to higher than 40-year-old common beech...

The accumulation of carbon in forest ecosystems supports to mitigate climate change, which makes seeking strategies for adapted forest management an urgent goal time. The European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is one of the main forest-forming species in Bulgaria and ensures forest areas with higher...