Large quantities of lignin are produced as by-streams via chemical pulping and emerging biorefinery processes. These lignins are typically waterinsoluble; however, they can be converted into a water-soluble form by chemical modifications. A novel LigniOx technology solubilizes lignin using alkali-O...

Drawing from the idea that income distribution is affected by imperfect market competition, this article examines the effect of a wood market cartel, where roundwood buyers illegally exchanged price information in Finland during 1997-2004. Prices before, during, and after the infringement period...

Wood plays a major role for the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA) in design and construction of modern bridges. The Norwegian design code demands a service life of 100 years; this poses a challenge independent of the material used. In case of wood, NPRA regards the creosote treatment as...

Despite the sustained interest in multistory wood-frame construction (WMC) along with an expanding bioeconomy, the rate of market uptake has been modest outside North America. Changing environmental values and regulation are expected to boost WMC adoption along with an expanding bioeconomy, yet the ...

This paper presents a spatially explicit methodology for integrated forest management and wood supply chain optimization over time in the context of a Finnish forest strategy anticipating new investments and renewal of business in the wood processing industry. The Finnish MELA simulator was used to ...

An empirical model for log yield from trees is established and applied in microeconomics of carbon storage in a boreal spruce estate. The transition from pulpwood to sawlogs is a smoother function of stem diameter in the empirical data, in comparison to literature values. Correspondingly, the value ...

This article describes a fire retardant business developed by a large team of employees at the Kiilto Research Center in Lempäala, Finland, and aims to offer safe solutions for fire retardant use in wood. One of the main activities of the company is to impart fire-retardant properties to wood and...

The European Union Timber Regulation (EUTR) was adopted in 2010. This Regulation prohibits placing illegally harvested timber on the EU market and obliges economic operators who put timber products for the first time on the EU market to exercise due diligence. So far, little research has been done...

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) heartwood is naturally durable wood material which has not been fully utilized in the wood industry. Currently, there are no practical measurement methods for detecting and measuring heartwood in a tree harvesting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the...