We disentangle the effects of biodiesel incentives and shale oil expansion on the long-run equilibrium price relationships among biodiesel feedstocks and crude oil in the United States (US) and European Union (EU). We find that the 2005 Energy Policy Act in the US substantially increased the...

In order to achieve economically viable and sustainable solid biofuel production from perennial grasses, high biomass productivity must be complemented by good combustion quality. The aim of this research was to compare the combustion quality of 7 cool-season perennial grasses, comprising bulbous...

Biofuel has attracted worldwide attention due to its potential to combat climate change and meet emission reduction targets. Pistacia chinensis Bunge (P. chinensis) is a prospective plant for producing biodiesel. Estimating the global potential marginal land resources for cultivating this species ...

Speeding up the promotion and application of biofuel ethanol has been a national strategy in China, which in turn has affected changes in the raw material planting structure. This study analyzed the response mechanism of water quality to agriculture land-use changes in a cassava fuel ethanol raw...

Cultivation of potential biofuel tree species such as Pongamia pinnata would rehabilitate saline marginal lands toward economic gains. We carried out a physiological, biochemical, and proteomic analysis to identify key regulatory responses which are associated with salt tolerance mechanisms at the...

Energy is vital to human society but significantly contributes to the deterioration of environmental quality and the global issue of climate change. Biomass and fossil fuels are important energy sources but have distinct pollutant emission characteristics during the burning process. This study...

Haber-Bosch (HB) process, the main method for ammonia (NH₃) production, contributes to near 2% of the global carbon emissions because the hydrogen input is obtained from fossil sources. NH₃ production is concentrated in a few countries, adding emissions due to global distribution. Distributed...

According to the European Union's recast Renewable Energy Directive (RED II), the EU aims to phase out feedstock biofuels that involve high indirect land-use change (ILUC) by 2030, which includes crude palm oil only. Indonesia, the world's leading producer of crude palm oil, contests this...

The Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) specifies the use of biofuels in the United States and thereby guides nearly half of all global biofuel production, yet outcomes of this keystone climate and environmental regulation remain unclear. Here we combine econometric analyses, land use observations, and...

Microalgal biodiesel is technically viable to power diesel engines. This third-generation biofuel has great performance of combustion and can reduce emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. However, its production is currently very expensive, relative to petrochemical diesel. Development...