Forestry-drainage substantially decreases methane emissions from peatlands. On the other hand, peatland soils in nutrient-rich meso-eutrophic sites turn into carbon dioxide (CO₂) sources due to peat loss. On drained nutrient-poor oligo-ombrotrophic sites, no significant peat loss has currently been ...

The water quality of the Archipelago Sea of Finland is generally more eutrophicated than other areas of the Baltic Sea and negatively impacted by nutrient inputs from agriculture. An environment programme for agriculture was started to help reduce nutrient leakage from agricultural lands and to...

It is currently recommended to use peatland buffer areas between forested areas and recipient water-courses to reduce the export of nutrients and sediment. Peatland buffer areas have shown to be capable to effectively reduce the loads of the nutrients and the sediment in favourable conditions. In...

The key defence mechanisms of honey bees are mediated by haemocytic and cell-free immune response attributed to antibacterial peptides and small proteins that may act on a range of bacteria. Microbes, drugs, pesticides, heavy metals and other xenobiotics could cause one or more immune system...

Based on a preliminary study carried out in 1999-2000, the Department of Forestry at the TTS Institute conducted a further study on the burning of household refuse in fireplaces, especially the sauna stove and the heat- accumulating fireplace. Data are presented on levels of heavy metals and ...

Wood fuels contain traces of radioisotopes which are concentrated in the ash during combustion. Notes are given on a project to estimate the radiation situation in the Finnish wood energy industry.

A specific Action Plan for Renewable Energy was introduced in 1999 to increase the utilization of renewable energy sources in Finland. The Action Plan was renewed in 2002, taking into account a revision of the goals defined in the statements given by the Parliament on the debate on national Climate ...

This study described the methods used to assess the uncertainty of the fate and transport modelling of water-soluble and slightly water-soluble (non-aqueous phase liquid, NAPL) contaminants in soils and groundwater. Information of spatial variability of modelling parametres due to soil...

Commercially available in situ remediation technologies for contaminated soil and groundwater and vendors of the technologies were reviewed. Information on in situ treatment technologies appeared to be enormous. Consequently, the project aimed to give a rather general but extensive overview of the...

This report presents guidance on good treatment practices for the most common contaminated soil remediation methods. The characteristics of good remedial practice are given. The following treatment methods are covered by the guidance: soil vapour extraction, bioremediation by composting, soil...