Decline in mean annual rainfall of over 10% has been experienced widely in the Eastern Cape over the past 20 years. In many cases, this means that annual rainfall of about 500 mm in the past is now about 400 mm, and the summer seasonal rainfall has declined from 400 mm to 300 mm. This means that...

This volume brought together research on concepts and global perspectives on organic food systems, on methods of building capacity in times of climate change, on supporting organic farmers and on upscaling the organic sector in Africa. This chapter summarizes these findings and concludes that four...

Gender-based violence (GBV) in travel and tourism is embedded within the wider social structures of gender inequality and discrimination. This book focuses on the multiple and interconnected manifestations of violence that women and girls encounter in tourism consumption and production, such as...

The purpose of this chapter is twofold: first, it seeks to review the causes of gender-based violence (GBV) against women; and second, to investigate the relationship between tourism and GBV. The chapter reviews the literature on these issues. Subsequently, it provides questions that could help...

This chapter presents a critical synthesis of a range of literature from tourism studies, organization studies and the wider social sciences, and has two interrelated aims. First, to locate gender-based harassment (GBH) as an issue in the tourism academy and thereby de-isolate, empower and reassure ...

This chapter explores the gendered structure of employment in the Turkish hotel sector in Antalya. This research not only demonstrates the existence of gender discrimination in the tourism industry and violence against women, but also demonstrates its multiple dimensions. Individual, social, and...

This chapter examines the determinants that affect the engagement of Mexican women in mountain bike tourism (MBT), and uncovers the gendered aspects of risk that act as constraints on women's use of public space, and therefore become a type of violence that restricts them and promotes inequality....

This chapter present an autoethnography of a trip the author took to Marrakech in Morocco, where despite her efforts to 'follow the rules' (e.g. dress conservatively, ignore unwanted attention, be courteous and polite), she was continually met with sexual harassment whenever she was visible as an...

This chapter focuses on a campaign developed in several tourist destinations in Spain aimed at male tourists with the sole purpose of warning them against alleged dangers related to so called 'gender ideology'. This initiative is termed 'Danger Men' and has been developed by an association called...

This chapter investigates social media posts related to gender-based violence against female travellers within the #MeToo movement. The sexualization of the hotel space that renders female travellers/guests at risk of and being responsible for sexual violence emerges as a key finding with...