The first part of this chapter discusses contemporary developments within the concept of World Heritage sites (WHSs). These developments include the List of World Heritage in Danger, the notion of 'cultural landscape' and the concept of 'historic urban landscape'. The next part examines...

This chapter discusses the impact of hunting on European woodland from medieval to modern times. Specifically, the chapter covers the following topics: early impacts of hunting; reason for hunting, for meat or merit; medieval hunting reserves; early modern hunting parks in Europe; hunting and the...

This chapter aims to document the uses for entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the USA, and to pay special attention to examples where EPNs accomplish something that other pest management strategies do not. The status of integrated pest management (IPM) in the USA is described. The application of...

This chapter presents the current research status on EPNs in Brazil, emphasizing their use in integrated pest management programmes. Studies on their diversity, biology, ecology, production and formulation are outlined. Their application in vegetable and arable crops; parks, urban tree plantings...

Integrated pest management (IPM) strategies are currently implemented against several insect pests in South Africa, of which noteworthy targets include: the false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta, on citrus; potato leaf miner, Liriomyza huidobrensis, in potato; grapevine mealybug, Planococcus ...

An ecological look at environmental beliefs is presented, particularly with regard to parks. It is argued that an appreciation of the connectedness of our myriad beliefs to each other, to our actions, and to the way we interact with others, is fundamental to effectively interpreting what we see...

This chapter looks at the norms in the field of public park management and the beliefs underlying these norms. An alternative to ethical park management is proposed - one that is based on emotion. It is indicated that ethical park management is constant vigilance and the willingness to act in the...

This chapter demonstrates the reality of organizational beliefs and the role of those beliefs in guiding organizational behaviours in public park management agencies. It also offers pointers for the process of organizational visioning and organizational change or renewal.

The nature of beliefs and values is discussed in the context of public parks. The difference between beliefs and values is illustrated, and the analogy of beliefs and values as possessions is discussed.

This chapter focuses on the credibility of park management organizations and the authenticity and believability of park management practice. Ways of dealing with a credibility gap are explored.