Previous land use determines the operations needed in preparing land for trialling. Trialling in primary and secondary forest is not a sustainable nor an environmentally friendly practice and should not be carried out. In sustainable oil palm production, previous land should normally be a previous...

The purpose of this chapter is to do a comparative analysis of the environmental issues in six religious tourism destinations and then use this analysis as a basis to propose a conceptual model for explaining environmental management in religious tourism destinations. All the destinations selected...

This chapter describes the livestock production systems and resource use (land, water quantity and quality, air and ecosystem services), climate change impacts on ruminant livestock, adaptation of livestock systems to climate change, knowledge gaps on adaptation and mitigation of greenhouse gas...

This chapter focuses on the highly dynamic systems in historic or transformed landscapes in terms of their insect populations. Information is provided on 3 interrelated axes that wll help guide insect conservation into the future, i.e. anthropogenic change axis (historic to novel), deliberate...

In Tanzania studies on conflicts between subsistence farmers and agropastoralists/pastoralists as well communities versus conservationists have been frequently reported. These include studies on water use conflicts in the Pangan River Basin. Agropastoralists have also been evicted as a result of...

At the global level, the planetary boundaries approach addresses the current global environmental state and helps to prioritize the most pressing issues related to the agri-food system as a driver. These issues are climate change, nitrogen and phosphorus cycle disruption, land-use change and...

Exposure to the risk factors that increase vulnerability to trauma and non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as pollutants, poor diet, poor air quality and increased conflict, disaster and extreme weather events, is driven by a third mega-trend: human development and progress. This chapter focuses ...

Agriculture has been extremely positive for humankind, but the environment has not necessarily fared so well. Dramatic changes in land use, water systems and, in more modern times, the large-scale use of artificial fertilizers and pesticides do not always have a positive impact on the natural world ...

This chapter provides an overview of the status of livestock as a food source for humans, and describes the impact of livestock production on land use, biodiversity, and greenhouse gas emissions. It also discusses the negative impact on human health of antibiotic use in livestock production....

Volatile organic compounds emitted from a variety of biogenic sources such as plants, soil and microorganisms play an important role in atmospheric chemistry. With the rapidly changing scenarios of land use, land cover, temperature regimes and pollution, significant outcomes can be expected from an ...