The pomegranate (Punica granatum) is grown over a very wide geographical area, from desert areas to very humid regions, from sea level to high plateaus in the subtropics and tropical climate zone between 41 northern and 41 southern latitudes. It is native to Iran and grown extensively in arid and...

Biochar is a by-product obtained from biomass pyrolysis. Due to the potential role in improving soil fertility and remediation of contaminated soil, biochar has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Biochar can remediate organically contaminated soil via adsorption and biodegradation,...

This chapter discusses the installed capacity and environmental impacts of geothermal electricity generation.

Trees have a positive impact on human health and well-being through multiple services including carbon sequestration, timber production, places for recreation, shade to protect from heat and air purification. However, an estimated 15 billion trees are cut down each year (based on 2000-2015 trends), ...

The ecology of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus), particularly its persistent soil seed bank, the multiple dispersal mechanisms and the ability to reach reproductive maturity quickly, allows it to persist in areas following initial control activities. To attain the desired level of...

Banana is sometimes grown in areas, such as those found in the subtropics, where climates are suboptimal for good growth for certain periods of the year. Here, adverse temperature conditions extend the period it takes to produce a crop and can give rise to fruit quality disorders. In addition,...

To understand how termites react to changing climatic conditions, it is important to first explore what termites are and the parameters that control their bio-ecology. This chapter first reviews the factors that limit termite behaviour, including food, water, reproduction, and dispersal. It then...

Various host-vector-pathogen systems will be affected in different ways by particular aspects of climate. The likelihood of a particular class of climatic event causing or leading to an increase (or decrease) in vector-borne disease outbreaks will depend heavily on the ecology of the vectors (such...

This chapter discusses how temperature, light, moisture, and carbon dioxide management can profoundly affect greenhouse productivity. Different heat sources are explored, including: solar heating, supplemental heating; and calculation of heat requirement of greenhouses is presented. Further, the...

This article gives an overview on several aspects of intensive farming system for dairy cows. Focus is given on how heat stress affects production, health and reproduction in dairy cows and the measures that can be used to mitigate it. Topics discussed also include seasonal production patterns,...