This book chapter focuses on how landscapes can be harmful to human health and wellbeing and suggests possible strategies for reparation and to regain a reciprocal relationship with landscapes. Climate change, Indigenous practices, and ecological grief are discussed, as well as health risks from...

The original vision of phytonematodes' biocontrol has been to reduce the pest population by natural enemies with the active involvement of the human role. Two main arguments against the use of chemical control to combat plant parasitic nematodes directed both the consumers and the producers to look ...

Social isolation, also known as loneliness, is increasingly being recognized as a serious health risk throughout the world (Killeen, 1998; HawkinsElder et al., 2018; Pimlott, 2018; Luchetti et al., 2020; Sauter et al., 2020; Barreto et al., 2021). In many countries, social isolation and social...

The survival, density and distribution of ticks are determined by three key elements: microclimate, habitat and host, all of which can be impacted by climate change. The public health risk from ticks is further influenced by human behaviour and the way in which we access and manage the environment...

This handbook contains chapters that are arranged in nine sections, each representing a particular theme and representing diversity of biogenic compounds and pollutants impinging on human health and ecotoxicity.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are synthetic chemicals widely used in diverse industrial applications and commercial products until their production was banned in the 1970s due to concerns regarding their environmental persistence and human health risks. Despite the ban, environmental levels of...

Two outbreaks of Minamata disease were observed mainly during the 1950s and mid-1970s, which was an era of rapid economic growth in Japan. In both cases, a large amount of methylmercury was discarded into the sea and rivers after secondary generation in acetaldehyde-synthesizing factories. Serious...

The reduction of childhood lead exposure in the USA is a public health success story, but lead is still one of the most widely encountered toxic metals in the world. To date, no safe blood lead threshold has been identified. The properties and availability of lead, a naturally occurring blue-grey...

Particulates from combustion sources are a major component of outdoor and indoor air pollutants. During fires, they contribute to acute injury and deaths from smoke exposure; and through chronic daily exposure in homes, workplaces and the outdoor environment they are a major cause of long-term...

This chapter focuses on making the distinctions between hazard and risk and between hazard assessment and risk assessment. It proceeds by defining hazards more completely than in other chapters. Risk-based approaches to analysis are contrasted with hazard-based approaches. This is followed by a...