This chapter focuses on grazing management. Topics discussed include: (i) C3 and C4 grasses; (ii) the nutritive value of pastures; (iii) grazing systems; (iv) pasture yield, growth and quality assessment; (v) pasture utilization rate; (vi) calculation of carrying capacities and stocking rates;...

This book chapter discusses cockroaches. Ovoviviparous cockroaches form an egg capsule externally from the body but then withdraw it into a brood sac, females provide water until the eggs hatch, and the nymphs emerge from the female's body. For viviparous cockroaches, the ootheca is withdrawn into...

Over the past 15 years the adoption rate of Conservation Agriculture (CA) in southern South Africa has increased at a fast rate, although the adoption of the three pillars of CA was to varying degrees. The adoption of CA happened in the absence of any policy support framework directed to CA. The...

This chapter focuses on tropical forests, grasslands and cave systems that are architecturally complex and rich in insect species, with many specialist insect herbivores. Various factors leadng to the continued decrease in insect populations in these habitats are discussed and the importance of the ...

This chapter discusses the animal welfare requirements for organic farms; how to select genetic lines of animals that are suitable for organic farming; grazing more than one species on a pasture; understand the differences between EU, US and Canadian organic programmes and the importance of using...

Halophytic vegetation is very complex and diverse, and the main factors for its development are salinity and moisture. Investigations into different types of halophytic vegetation have been compiled in vegetation databases as scientific tools for classification analyses and interpretation of...

This book contains is the third edition and is a reorganization and expansion of earlier editions. It contains 15 chapters from the earlier 10. The new chapters emphasize topics previously given briefer treatment. Expanded topics include artificial regeneration, fire effects and prescribed burning, ...

This chapter describes the characteristics and extent, disturbance processes, silvicultural concepts and methods, and restoration and maintenance in oak savannahs and woodlands.

This third edition of Principles of Cattle Production describes existing cattle production systems in detail and examines many of the concerns, the difficulties in changing existing systems and how they can become more sustainable. This book has twelve chapters that will address these production...

This chapter discussed the history of cattle production starting from the prehistoric period which may date back about 40 million years ago when ruminants first appeared and at 25 million years ago when savannahs and grasslands of the world developed. Then to its domestication dating as early as 8...