In this chapter, we examine the importance of softwood lumber production to Canada's economy and provide a brief history of the Canada-U.S. softwood lumber dispute and its resolution on various occasions using U.S. countervailing and anti-dumping duties, export taxes or various types of quota...

The focus in this chapter is on the development of mathematical programming models used to model bilateral forest products trade. Theoretical outlines are provided of a multi-region, single product trade model and of an integrated, multi-region, multi-product trade model. The objective function and ...

A gravity trade model can be used to determine the effects of policy on bilateral trade flows. The gravity model is initially explained and then used to determine the effect that U.S. tariffs have on softwood lumber (SWL) imports from Canada, using information from the 2006 Softwood Lumber...

This chapter reviews the economic aspects of pomegranate production in major production countries and the trade flow in the international markets. Sections look at: world production and trade; price discovery; competitiveness and market power in pomegranate export market; and export standards.

This chapter paints the overall picture of grain production and trade in the world. It highlights where grain is cultivated, the distribution of the world's population, the distribution of the world's cropland, the surplus and deficit continents, and the top importers and exporters of grain.

This chapter covers the concept of pest freedom as it applies to consignments and areas. A pest-free area is a least trade restrictive measure for managing risk to an acceptable level. Both importing and exporting country national plant protection organizations (NPPOs) stand to benefit from...

This chapter discusses the history, production, products and exports, consumption and imports, as well as future growth in demand and supply, of soyabean. The economics of disease control in soyabean production is also examined. In particular, the chapter analyses how farmers decide whether to...

This chapter reports on the production and international trade of sheep focusing on the top 10 countries based on slaughtered sheep, exported sheep, and imported sheep. This chapter also highlights the factors that can influence the effects of transport on the behavior, health, physiology, quality...

This chapter presents an overview of the world production, export, import and consumption trends of papaya (Carica papaya) in the US and European Union (EU) markets. Despite the noticeable rise in global demand for papaya, production issues, particularly Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) disease,...

This chapter discusses trends in production of organic and Fairtrade certified products globally as well as in the developing continents of Africa, Asia and Latin America. Data on area, number of producers, retail sales and exports are analysed.