This chapter investigates and compares the livelihood impacts of Fair Trade and/or organic certification for smallholder coffee farmers in primary cooperatives in Ethiopia, India and Nicaragua. The quantitative findings of this chapter show that certification on average has a differential impact in ...

The purpose of this chapter is to present Costa Rica as a model of sustainable tourism development that successfully supports the wellbeing of remote rural communities. The shifts in awareness that led Costa Rica to value and conserve its natural resources are thus discussed, as well as the...

This chapter explores the role of grassroots food distribution networks in Finland, and the extent to which these networks are creating farmer-consumer linkages that support a robust urban foodshed. The chapter entails a discussion and comparison of two such networks in Finland: Community Supported ...

This book offers information on the agricultural economy of Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine (KRU region). It covers a wide range of relevant issues, such as agricultural policies that affect production and trade, the privatization of land markets, the optimal use of fertilizers and other inputs, and ...

The agricultural service cooperative is a means for incorporating small farmers into value chains that include larger downstream middlemen, processors, markets and grocery chains. This chapter describes the development of agricultural service cooperatives in the large wheat producing countries of...

This chapter focuses on off-farm marketing and retailing and off-farm food tourism activities. The discussion covers: 'pop up' businesses; box schemes; consumer cooperatives; farmers' markets/farm markets; night markets; general food markets; Christmas markets; community gardens; open kitchen...

Utilization of healthy planting material is a key factor to improve potato yields and to reduce the dissemination of pests and diseases. Decentralized, community-based seed production schemes have been established between 2008 and 2012 in six highland districts of Ethiopia. Pathogen-free planting...

This chapter investigates the current state of distribution channels and markets for agricultural commodities in Albania. Priority is given here to an assessment of the following sectors of the agricultural industry: dairy products; olives and olive oil; meat; fruit and vegetables; and grapes, wine ...

This chapter describes the current institutional framework of the Serbian agricultural sector, beginning with a brief account of the key historical developments that have influenced this framework. Specifically, it examines institutional developments that have implications for the alignment of...

This chapter assesses the potential of private voluntary standards in horticultural exports for providing incentives to the private sector investing in small-scale growers, to the mutual benefit of growers as well as exporters. The chapter then traces characteristics of such co-investment and its...