Subclinical mastitis (SCM) particularly affects milk yield, quality and health of lactating animals. It is an apparently invisible problem that silently leads to enormous financial damage to the whole dairy industry. It is evident from previous studies that faulty animal husbandry practices...
Subjects
animal breeding; antibacterial properties; bacteriophages; biological control; biological control agents; bovine mastitis; cattle feeding; chemical composition; climatic factors; clinical aspects; dairy cattle; dairy cows; dairy hygiene; diets; disease control; disease prevalence; disease prevention; disease resistance; dry period; efficacy; energy balance; epidemiology; factors of production; farm management; immunity; mammary glands; mastitis; milking; pathogenesis; plant composition; plant extracts; potency; reviews; risk factors; selection; subclinical mastitis; natural enemies; cows
Conservation biological control increases the control effect of locally occurring natural enemies and has two approaches. Ecological engineering of the agroecosystem involves improving the environment in favour of natural enemies. The second approach is to devise ways of improving the ratio of...
Subjects
biological control agents; natural enemies; reviews; insect pests; plant pests; biological control; conservation; arthropod pests; pests
Author(s)
Emden, H. F. van
The date dust mite (DDM), Oligonychus afrasiaticus (McGregor 1939) (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an extremely serious fruit pest of date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L. In recent years, the mite caused economic damage and reduction of yield in may date palm-growing countries in North Africa and the Middle...
Subjects
arthropod pests; plant pests; dates; animal ecology; phenology; biological control agents; predatory mites; pests; natural enemies; predators
Author(s)
El-Shafie, H. A. F.
The bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa continues to threaten agricultural production of many different crops around the world, with significant economic burden from crop loss, disease management, and surveillance costs. In addition to direct economic consequences, plant diseases caused by X....
Subjects
plant pathogenic bacteria; plant pathogens; plant diseases; reviews; landscape; plant disease control; chemical control; biological control; biological control agents; disease resistance; innovations; foliar spraying; disease transmission; insecticides; pathogens; natural enemies
In Japan, augmentative biological control is mainly implemented in greenhouses using arthropod natural enemies. Two imported natural enemy species, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) against spider mites and Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) against the...
Subjects
plant pests; insect pests; biological control; biological control agents; insect control; pest control; natural enemies; arthropod pests; mite control; protected cultivation; introduced species; reviews; predatory mites; predatory insects; augmentative biological control; pests; control; predators
Lentil is an old-world legume and grown in more than 70 countries. It is a major source of protein in plant-based diets and is often used to fix nitrogen in the soil as a rotational crop, especially with cereal crops. Canada, USA, and Australia are the major exporters of lentil. Around the globe,...
Subjects
plant pests; insect pests; biological control; biological control agents; insect control; pest control; entomopathogens; entomogenous fungi; integrated control; lentils; plant pathogens; plant pathogenic fungi; plant diseases; fungal diseases; plant disease control; fungal antagonists; boring insects; rotations; cultural control; sowing date; sowing rates; weeds; weed control; entomopathogenic bacteria; entomophilic nematodes; botanical pesticides; cultivars; disease resistance; pest resistance; non-wood forest products; reviews; pests; arthropod pests; natural enemies; pathogens
Author(s)
Anamika Sharma; Rangaswamy Muniappan
Red rot of sugarcane was recorded more than 100 years before in Java, India, Argentina, USA and other countries, and it is one of the most devastating diseases of sugarcane. Since the cultivated sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) has failed across the countries, systematic inter-specific...
Subjects
plant pathogens; plant diseases; plant pathogenic fungi; fungal diseases; sugarcane; genomes; transcriptomes; nucleotide sequences; pathogenicity; proteins; interspecific hybridization; disease resistance; varietal resistance; virulence; crop damage; resistance mechanisms; genes; transgenics; epiphytes; new cultivars; biological control; biological control agents; chemical control; plant disease control; genetic engineering; pathogens; wild relatives; cultivars; natural enemies
Author(s)
Viswanathan, R.
Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forskål) is one of the most serious agricultural pests in the world due to its voracity, speed of reproduction, and range of flight. We discuss the current state of knowledge on its biological control using microorganisms and botanical extracts. Metarhizium...
Subjects
plant pests; biological control agents; insect pests; plant extracts; biological control; entomogenous fungi; formulations; fungal insecticides; insect control; pest control; nontarget organisms; nontarget effects; reviews; entomopathogenic bacteria; non-wood forest products; limonoids; integrated pest management; integrated control; infestation; pests; natural enemies; arthropod pests; entomopathogens; pathogens; insecticides
Author(s)
Githae, E. W.; Kuria, E. K.
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is native to East Asia but has widely established in the Americas and Europe, where it is a devastating pest of soft-skinned fruits. It has a wide host range and these non-crop habitats harbor the fly which then repeatedly reinvades crop fields. Biological control in...
Subjects
natural enemies; reviews; plant pests; insect pests; biological control; biological control agents; insect control; pest control; entomopathogens; entomogenous fungi; parasitoids; predators; entomopathogenic bacteria; entomophilic nematodes; insect viruses; pests; arthropod pests; pathogens; parasites; animal viruses
Author(s)
Wang XingEng; Lee, J. C.; Daane, K. M.; Buffington, M. L.; Hoelmer, K. A.
Imperata cylindrica is one of the 10 worst weeds in the tropics and subtropics. Although it has many beneficial uses, the problems related to its invasiveness far outweigh its positive benefits. I. cylindrica negatively affects production of annual, perennial, plantation, and forest crops. Its mode...
Subjects
weeds; biological control; reviews; integrated control; reproduction; dispersal; weed control; invasive species; cultural weed control; physical control; natural enemies; wild relatives