Aeromonas veronii is one of the important pathogens causing motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS) in aquaculture, leading to high fish mortality and severe economic losses. Live attenuated vaccines are considered to be an effective method to control bacterial infections and have been widely used in...

This study evaluated the vaccine-induced serological response after administering four commercial formulations containing Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) type-1, BVDV-2, and Bovine Herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) to young heifers with circulating maternal antibody titers. The study also determined...

Herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis caused by cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) frequently affects farmed goldfish Carassius auratus and gibel carp C. auratus gibelio, leading to significant economic damage. In our previous study, a live attenuated vaccine, called the P7-P8 vaccine strain, was...

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an enveloped and positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. IBV was the first coronavirus to be discovered and predominantly causes respiratory disease in commercial poultry worldwide. This review summarizes several important aspects of IBV, including...

Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is one of the major respiratory pathogens in cattle worldwide. Infection often leads to a compromised host immune response that contributes to the development of the polymicrobial disease known as "bovine respiratory disease". After an initial transient phase of...

The reason for presenting this review was the growing increase in antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria. New regulations of the European Union enforce the need to reduce significantly antibiotics use in animal production. Therefore, representatives of veterinary medicine and swine producers...

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West Nile virus (WNV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family and is maintained in an enzootic cycle between avian hosts and mosquito vectors. Humans, horses and other mammals are susceptible to infection but are dead-end hosts due to a low viraemia. The...

Authors report seroprevalence of bluetongue virus (BTV) in 2-5 year male and female camels in Iran. Fifty nine serum samples were collected at abbatoir for BTV antibody by c-ELISA tests to yield seroprevalence of 67.8% (95% CI = 65.84-68.99%) with no difference between genders or age. Our samples...

Rabbits are susceptible to various respiratory affections. Pasteurellosis, caused by P. multocida, is regarded as one of the most important bacterial diseases of rabbits. The disease is characterised by chronic mucopurulent respiratory affection (snuffles) or more acute and subacute...