The physiological and pathological (including the clinical signs, aetiology and diagnosis of the respiratory, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and neurological conditions) conditions that affect the athletic performance of horses are described.

Pesticides are used in household activity for pest control for past decades. Its toxicity is not only restricted to targeted animals but also to non-targeted animals. This review summarizes the information published during past decades about neurotoxic mediated reproductive toxicity in different...

Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent-dominated streams provide critical habitat for aquatic and terrestrial organisms but also continually expose them to complex mixtures of pharmaceuticals that can potentially impair growth, behavior, and reproduction. Currently, few biomarkers are available ...

Cryptococcosis is a fungal disease of public health relevance that affects numerous animal species and humans, causing respiratory and neurological impairment. Hence, we conducted a systematic review that included publications from 1975 to 2021 and covered 132 articles that addressed reports of...

The present study investigated the distribution and chemical properties of nerve cell bodies within the trunk of the vagus nerve in juvenile female pigs (n=4) using double-labelling immunofluorescence. The neurons appeared mostly as single cells or formed streaks of cells or small ganglia. Many of...

Behaviors are the integrative outcomes of the nervous system, which senses and responds to the internal physiological status and external stimuli. Teleosts are aquatic organisms which are more easily affected by the surrounding environment compared to terrestrial animals. To date, behavioral tests...

Animal Assisted Intervention (AAI) is widely used in therapeutic and educational situations. It is necessary to describe the effects of AAI based on objective indices to facilitate the effective use of AAI. We investigated the effects of interacting with a dog on sympathetic and parasympathetic...

Leporine dysautonomia (or dysautonomia of hares) is an idiopathic disorder associated with degeneration of neurons of the peripheral nervous system with loss of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve function. The disease has so far been described in rabbits and hares from Great Britain, and a...

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is widely used as a plasticizer in plastic products, consumer products, and packaging materials. It is of great health concern in both animals and humans as it released into the environment and entered into the body from plastic products over time, thereby...

Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the cannabinoids found in Cannabis sativa L. The action of CBD in the body is similar to that of neurotransmitters, thanks to which it regulates most of the biochemical processes taking place in the body. Research on CBD properties in equine veterinary medicine has begun ...