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Sanitation guidelines for animal research facilities state that disinfection is achieved by application of high-temperature water (143 to 180°F [62 to 82°C]) or detergents and disinfectants. However, these guidelines are based on requirements for pasteurization, which may be unnecessarily stringent ...

This article looks at fortified kraals as a solution to securely housing livestock and protecting them against predators in Africa. Fortified kraals are proven to be a highly effective strategy, bringing time spent supervising livestock down while also dramatically reducing livestock losses at...

The aim of this study was to test the usefulness of environmental enrichment for Eublepharis macularius depending on the maintenance method (terrarium vs. rack system). The hypothesis was that reptiles kept in an extremely low-stimulus environment (rack system) would be more prone to interact with...

This case study describes the process of introducing two adult cats slowly and carefully to provide the greatest chance of long-term success in their integration. The cats in this case study, Bella and Lola, were first introduced using a method that involved feeding them on either side of a glass...

Heavy metals are one of the components of smog, which is mainly the product of burning fossil fuels in residential buildings. These elements, introduced into the body of cattle by inhalation, may enter the milk. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of particulate pollution in the...

Feeding systems should focus on providing sows protection when eating and equal feeding opportunities to prevent competition. Sows should be allowed to consume their entire meal during a single visit to the feeder to minimize aggression at mealtime. Generally, 30% neutral detergent fiber has been...

In domestic conditions, adult stallions are mostly housed individually in internal stables to reduce the risk of injuries during social interactions. Social deprivation in horses results in physiological stress and behavioural problems. The aim of this study was to test the "social box" (SB), which ...

The complexity of the habitat refers to its physical geometry, which includes abiotic and biotic elements. Habitat complexity is important because it allows more species to coexist and, consequently, more interactions to be established among them. The complexity of the habitat links the physical...

The article considers the calculation of the main design parameters of a geothermal air cooling system in livestock premises, which, unlike traditional systems, do not use fossil fuels to generate heat. They simply take energy from the soil, while, as a rule, electricity is used only for the...