This study investigates the factors that influence travelers' intentions toward animal ethics in tourism, utilizing innovative statistical techniques, namely GSCA_M, necessary condition analysis (NCA), and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (FsQCA). Through a stringent methodological...

The effects of human visitors on the behaviour and welfare of zoo-housed primates have been extensively studied, and we know more about these effects in primates than in any other taxon. Nevertheless, it has proved difficult to detect an overall pattern in the responses of primates to visitors, as...

Contemporary zoos house polar bears (Ursus maritimus) to serve the conservation efforts of these institutions. However, evidence of behavioural problems in captivity has highlighted the need for methods to assess polar bear welfare, why valid and feasible animal-based welfare indicators are a...

Zookeepers working with felids were asked to complete an online survey to examine their perceptions of animal welfare. A total of 121 zookeepers in an AZA-accredited zoo completed the survey. Results from this study suggest that institutional offerings of professional development programming in ...

To improve animal welfare based on suitable social housing conditions, it is important to understand the factors that trigger high-stress responses. Wild giraffes live in a fission-fusion society and males and females are rarely in the same herd for a long period. The captive condition of belonging ...

Animal welfare is central to the three aims of the modern zoo: conservation, research and education. Good welfare depends not only on the management of the captive population as a whole but also on the management and husbandry of individual animals. Zoo keepers are able to reliably assess animal...

The welfare of large-brained wide-roaming carnivores in captivity has been of longstanding public and professional concern. Bears are one such example. Ursids have unexpectedly large relative brain sizes, indeed showing brain size increases similar to those observed in canids. Bears also have...

The Black Muntjac (Muntiacus crinifrons) is a rare and endangered protected animal endemic to China, but studies on the behavior and enclosure selection of captive Black Muntjacs are very limited. In this study, we used transient scanning method to observe and analyze the behavior of 18 captive...

Circadian and circannual cycles of behavior regulate many aspects of welfare including metabolism, breeding, and behavioral interactions. In this study, we aim to demonstrate how systematically determining circadian and circannual cycles can provide insight into animals' needs and be part of an...

Animal-welfare-assessment protocols are important for identifying welfare problems in conservation programs. This study aimed to develop a baseline welfare protocol for the assessment of the welfare of Patagonian huemuls (Hippocamelus bisulcus) in conservation centers. This protocol is based on the ...