Acacia confusa
Index
- Pictures
- Identity
- Summary of Invasiveness
- Taxonomic Tree
- Notes on Taxonomy and Nomenclature
- Description
- Plant Type
- Distribution
- Distribution Table
- History of Introduction and Spread
- Risk of Introduction
- Habitat
- Habitat List
- Biology and Ecology
- Latitude/Altitude Ranges
- Air Temperature
- Rainfall
- Rainfall Regime
- Soil Tolerances
- Notes on Natural Enemies
- Means of Movement and Dispersal
- Impact Summary
- Impact: Biodiversity
- Threatened Species
- Risk and Impact Factors
- Uses
- Uses List
- Wood Products
- Prevention and Control
- References
- Links to Websites
- Distribution Maps
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Top of pageIdentity
Top of pagePreferred Scientific Name
- Acacia confusa Merr.
International Common Names
- English: acacia petit; Formosan acacia; Formosan koa; mimosa; small Phillipine acacia; Taiwan acacia
- Chinese: Taiwan xiangshi
Local Common Names
- Guam: boiffuring; shoshigi; sosigi; sosugi
- Micronesia, Federated states of: pilampwoia
- Northern Mariana Islands: serepa; soschghi
- Palau: ianángi; yanangi
EPPO code
- ACACU (Acacia confusa)
Trade name
- Taiwan acacia
Summary of Invasiveness
Top of pageTaxonomic Tree
Top of page- Domain: Eukaryota
- Kingdom: Plantae
- Phylum: Spermatophyta
- Subphylum: Angiospermae
- Class: Dicotyledonae
- Order: Fabales
- Family: Fabaceae
- Subfamily: Mimosoideae
- Genus: Acacia
- Species: Acacia confusa
Notes on Taxonomy and Nomenclature
Top of pageDescription
Top of pageDistribution
Top of pageDistribution Table
Top of pageThe distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.
Last updated: 10 Jan 2020Continent/Country/Region | Distribution | Last Reported | Origin | First Reported | Invasive | Planted | Reference | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Africa |
||||||||
Mauritius | Present | Introduced | ||||||
Seychelles | Present | Introduced | ||||||
Asia |
||||||||
China | Present | Present based on regional distribution. | ||||||
-Fujian | Present | Introduced | Planted | |||||
-Guangdong | Present | Introduced | Planted | |||||
-Guangxi | Present | Introduced | Planted | |||||
-Hainan | Present | Introduced | Planted | |||||
-Jiangxi | Present | Introduced | Planted | |||||
-Sichuan | Present | Introduced | Planted | |||||
-Yunnan | Present | Introduced | Planted | |||||
-Zhejiang | Present | Introduced | Planted | |||||
Indonesia | Present | Introduced | ||||||
-Java | Present | Introduced | ||||||
-Sumatra | Present | Introduced | ||||||
Japan | Present | Present based on regional distribution. | ||||||
-Ryukyu Islands | Present | Introduced | ||||||
Malaysia | Present | Present based on regional distribution. | ||||||
-Peninsular Malaysia | Present | Introduced | ||||||
-Sabah | Present | Introduced | ||||||
Philippines | Present | Native | ||||||
Taiwan | Present | Native | ||||||
North America |
||||||||
United States | Present | Present based on regional distribution. | ||||||
-Hawaii | Present | Introduced | Invasive | First reported: c. 1915; Original citation: Luken & Thieret, 1996 | ||||
Oceania |
||||||||
Federated States of Micronesia | Present | Introduced | ||||||
Fiji | Present | Introduced | ||||||
Guam | Present | Introduced | ||||||
Northern Mariana Islands | Present | Introduced | ||||||
Palau | Present | Introduced |
History of Introduction and Spread
Top of pageRisk of Introduction
Top of pageHabitat
Top of pageBiology and Ecology
Top of pageLatitude/Altitude Ranges
Top of pageLatitude North (°N) | Latitude South (°S) | Altitude Lower (m) | Altitude Upper (m) |
---|---|---|---|
25 | 6 | 50 | 800 |
Air Temperature
Top of pageParameter | Lower limit | Upper limit |
---|---|---|
Absolute minimum temperature (ºC) | -8 | 0 |
Mean annual temperature (ºC) | 18 | 26 |
Mean maximum temperature of hottest month (ºC) | 26 | 29 |
Mean minimum temperature of coldest month (ºC) | 14 | 16 |
Rainfall
Top of pageParameter | Lower limit | Upper limit | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Dry season duration | 2 | 5 | number of consecutive months with <40 mm rainfall |
Mean annual rainfall | 1300 | 3000 | mm; lower/upper limits |
Soil Tolerances
Top of pageSoil drainage
- free
Soil reaction
- acid
Soil texture
- medium
Special soil tolerances
- infertile
- shallow
Notes on Natural Enemies
Top of pageMeans of Movement and Dispersal
Top of pageImpact Summary
Top of pageCategory | Impact |
---|---|
Animal/plant collections | None |
Animal/plant products | None |
Biodiversity (generally) | Negative |
Crop production | None |
Environment (generally) | None |
Fisheries / aquaculture | None |
Forestry production | None |
Human health | None |
Livestock production | None |
Native fauna | None |
Native flora | Negative |
Rare/protected species | None |
Tourism | None |
Trade/international relations | None |
Transport/travel | None |
Impact: Biodiversity
Top of pageThreatened Species
Top of pageThreatened Species | Conservation Status | Where Threatened | Mechanism | References | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peucedanum sandwicense (makou) | NatureServe; USA ESA listing as threatened species | Hawaii | Competition - smothering | US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2011 | |
Tetramolopium filiforme (ridgetop tetramolopium) | USA ESA listing as endangered species | Hawaii | Competition - monopolizing resources | US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2010 |
Risk and Impact Factors
Top of page- Proved invasive outside its native range
- Highly adaptable to different environments
- Tolerates, or benefits from, cultivation, browsing pressure, mutilation, fire etc
- Highly mobile locally
- Has high reproductive potential
- Damaged ecosystem services
- Ecosystem change/ habitat alteration
- Reduced native biodiversity
- Competition - monopolizing resources
- Competition - smothering
- Produces spines, thorns or burrs
Uses
Top of pageUses List
Top of pageEnvironmental
- Erosion control or dune stabilization
- Shade and shelter
- Soil improvement
- Windbreak
Fuels
- Fuelwood
General
- Ornamental
Human food and beverage
- Honey/honey flora
Materials
- Carved material
- Dye/tanning
- Essential oils
- Fibre
- Miscellaneous materials
- Wood/timber
Wood Products
Top of pageBoats
Furniture
Pulp
- Short-fibre pulp
Railway sleepers
Vehicle bodies
Woodware
- Industrial and domestic woodware
- Tool handles
Prevention and Control
Top of pageDue to the variable regulations around (de)registration of pesticides, your national list of registered pesticides or relevant authority should be consulted to determine which products are legally allowed for use in your country when considering chemical control. Pesticides should always be used in a lawful manner, consistent with the product's label.
Control of A. confusa is possible if saplings are treated with herbicides including 2,4-D and triclopyr, with sensitivity in varying degrees to cut-surface applications of 2,4-D, dicamba, glyphosate, picloram and triclopyr and to basal bark application of triclopyr in oil (PIER, 2002).References
Top of pageChen DZ, 1988. China Flora. Beijing, China: Science Press, Vol. 39, 24
Dou TL, 1983. Afforestation of light contained Acacia confusa seedling and its economic benefits. Sichuan Forest Science and Technology, 4(3):46-52
Gui SZ, Shi MF, Fang CQ, 1987. Incident and control of Acacia confusa rust disease. Plant protection, Beijing. Vol. 4, 39-40
Hirane S, 1938. Studies on the parasitism of the rust of Acacia confusa Merrill, Maravalia hyalospora (Saw.) Diet. II. Effects of the juice of phyllodes on the germination and germ-tube development of urediospores. Trans. nat. hist. Soc. Formosa 28; 29 1938; 1939 (421-30); (13-21)
Huag PQ, Wang LX, 1983. Silviculture of Major Plantation Trees in Guangdong Province. Guangdong, China: Guangdong Forest Science and Technology Press, pp. 108-111
Huang TC; OHashi H, 1995. In Huang TC (ed.) Flora of Taiwan. Vol 3. Natural Science Council. Taipei, Taiwan: Roc. 2nd ed
Lin HS, 1986. Comparative experiment of afforestation with Acacia confusa, A. mangium and A. auriculiformis. Guangdong Forest Science And Technology, 4:22-25
Pan ZG, Yang MQ, 1988. Preliminary results of provenance trials with 5 tropical Acacia tree species at age of 3 years old. Forest Research, 5:553-557
Tab XS, Wang GS, 1984. Root rot: A new disease of Acacia confusa. Hainan Reclamation Bureau. Forest Science and Technology, No. 9, 29
Wu ZY, 1984. Index Florae Yunnanensis. Yunnan, China: People's Publishing House
Wu ZY, 1984. Index Florae Yunnanensis. Yunnan, China: The People's Publishing House
Xu YQ, 1976. Major economic tree species in south China. Beijing, China: Agriculture Press
Xu YQ, 1990. Forestry in Guangdong Province. Guangdong, China: Guangdong Science & Technology Press
Yang MQ, 1990. Growth characteristics and adaptability of major tropical Acacia species in south China. Forest Research, 2:155-161
Zhang HB, 1993. Forestry in Fujian Province. Beijing, China: China Forestry Publishing House, pp. 60-64
Zhang XS, 1982. Survey of afforestation of Acacia confusa mixed with Pinus massoniana in aerial sowing. Guangdong Forest Science And Technology Communications, 4: 22-25
Zheng WJ, 1978. Silvicultural techniques of major tree species in China. Beijing, China: Chinese Agriculture Publishing House, Vol. 2
Zhong XR, 1981. An windfirm tree species: Acacia confusa. China Forestry, 11, 35
Zhou XM, Li QM, 1983. Seedling growth of Acacia confusa, A. mangium and A. auriculiformis. Guangdong Forest Science and Technology Communication, 4, 18-19
Distribution References
CABI, Undated. Compendium record. Wallingford, UK: CABI
CABI, Undated a. CABI Compendium: Status inferred from regional distribution. Wallingford, UK: CABI
CABI, Undated b. CABI Compendium: Status as determined by CABI editor. Wallingford, UK: CABI
PIER, 2002. Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk., Honolulu, USA: HEAR, University of Hawaii. http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html
Links to Websites
Top of pageWebsite | URL | Comment |
---|---|---|
GISD/IASPMR: Invasive Alien Species Pathway Management Resource and DAISIE European Invasive Alien Species Gateway | https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.m93f6 | Data source for updated system data added to species habitat list. |
Global register of Introduced and Invasive species (GRIIS) | http://griis.org/ | Data source for updated system data added to species habitat list. |
Distribution Maps
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