Annex 1 is a copy of the questionnaire sent to stakeholders in various sectors during the survey; Annex 2 is the list of species assembled during the literature research, separated into those that are present in Great Britain and those that are quarantine pests or species perceived as a threat to...

This paper reviews some case histories of insect introductions via wood and wood products, as well as the types of products that can transport these insects (unprocessed logs, lumber and solid wood packing material, nursery stock, and special products), and outlines some methods of mitigating the...

In phytosanitary/plant quarantine terms, containment and eradication is a consequence of the introduction of a quarantine pest into an endangered area, usually a national territory under the jurisdiction of a National Plant Protection Organization. The containment and eradication activities to be...

Post-entry quarantine (PEQ) is defined in the FAO Glossary of Phytosanitary Terms as quarantine applied to a consignment after entry. This review provides an approach to the requirements for PEQ by understanding its purpose and functions. To be included is intermediate or third-country quarantine...

The management stage of pest risk assessment (PRA) is the process of identifying procedures that would address the pest risk, evaluating the efficacy of these procedures and then selecting those that can be undertaken by the National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) within the parameters of the ...

CLIMEX is a decision-support system developed by Sutherst and Maywald (1985), in part, to help users to evaluate the risk of establishment of exotic species in relation to climate. This paper describes the history and concepts, use for quarantine, and application in pest risk analysis of the CLIMEX ...

Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) is defined in the FAO Glossary of Phytosanitary Terms as the process of evaluating biological or other scientific and economic evidence to determine whether a pest should be regulated and the strength of any phytosanitary measures to be taken against it. This paper...

This paper provides a brief history of quarantine operations and legislation for the entry of plants in Australia, and briefly discusses the adoption of a Weed Risk Assessment (WRA) system to prevent the introduction of invasive species. The cost and implementation of the WRA system are also...

Very few countries as yet use any formal Weed Risk Assessment process in deciding which plant species to exclude under their quarantine regulations, but all will be under increasing pressure to do so to satisfy international trade conventions. Recent revisions to international guidelines for the...

Correct identification of pests, diseases, weeds and beneficial species is a critical requirement for implementing management plans for plant health. The world-wide decline in taxonomic expertise and services has meant that many identification services have either become unavailable or...