We tested the efficacy of 2 formulations of the immunocontraceptive SpayVac®, which packages the immunogen porcine zona pellucida (PZP) and an adjuvant in multilamellar liposomes, as a contraceptive in captive feral horses (Equus caballus) for 3 consecutive breeding seasons (Pauls Valley, OK, USA;...

Blackleg disease, caused by Clostridium chauvoie, of cattle and sheep in Russia is prevented by a single vaccine. The vaccine is highly effective against C. chauvoie with an efficacy of upto six months. This vaccine is very efficient in all parts of Russia since stall period is 6-7 months. However, ...

It is important that veterinarians treating exotic companion mammals stay abreast of the latest developments relating to medications and drug delivery approaches for safety, efficacy and welfare issues. Sustained release formulations of commonly used drugs as well as newer routes for administration ...

Tramadol is an analgesic agent centrally acting opioid that is used in Germany for >30 years. It is effective in controlling moderate to severe pain in animals with low addictive potential and triple mode of action, but authors claim that tramadol has five forms of analgesic properties in...

This issue highlights some of the challenges associated with detecting, identifying and controlling disease agents in aquaculture. Topics include: antimicrobial susceptibility testing guidelines as a necessary tool to guide chemotherapeutic interventions in aquaculture; antibiotic resistance...