Botryosphaeria obtusa (black rot of apple)

Pictures

Picture	Title	Caption	Copyright
Title Symptoms Caption Black rot on apple; initial stages of black rot. Note necrotic spots developing below mummified fruit (arrowed). Copyright T.B. Sutton	Symptoms	Black rot on apple; initial stages of black rot. Note necrotic spots developing below mummified fruit (arrowed).	T.B. Sutton
Title Symptoms Caption Black rot on apple; brown wavy patterns in decay at the calyx end, and a mummified fruit with pycnidia. Copyright Alan L. Jones	Symptoms	Black rot on apple; brown wavy patterns in decay at the calyx end, and a mummified fruit with pycnidia.	Alan L. Jones

Identity

Preferred Scientific Name

• Botryosphaeria obtusa (Schwein.) Shoem.

Preferred Common Name

• black rot of apple

Other Scientific Names

• Amerodothis ilicis (COOKE) THEISS. & SYD.
• Botryodiplodia juglandicola (Schwein.) Sacc.
• Botryodiplodia malorum (Berk.) Petrak & H.Sydow
• Botryodiplodia quercina
• Botryosphaeria ambigua (SCHWEIN.) SACC.
• Botryosphaeria quercuum (Schwein.) Sacc.
• Diplodia griffoni Sacc. & Traverso
• Diplodia seriata De Not. [anamorph] De Not.
• Melogramma ambiguum (SCHWEIN.) BERK.
• Phoma obtusa
• Physalospora cupressi (BERK. M.A.CURTIS) SACC.
• Physalospora cydoniae Arnaud
• Physalospora glandicola (SCHWEIN.) N.STEVENS
• Physalospora obtusa (Schwein.) Cooke.
• Physalospora thuyoidea (COOKE & ELLIS) SACC.
• Sphaeria juglandicola SCHWEIN.
• Sphaeria malorum BERK.
• Sphaeria obtusa SCHWEIN.
• Sphaeropsis malorum Peck
• Sphaeropsis sumachi (Schwein.) Cooke & Ell.
• Wallrothiella eunotiaespora (COOK & HARKN.) BERL. & VOGLINO

International Common Names

• English: bark: pome fruit necrosis; black rot canker: apple; black: apple canker; black: grapevine dead-arm disease; canker: juniper; dieback: grapevine; dieback: oak; frogeye leaf spot: apple; loquat fruit rot; tree canker: apple
• Spanish: black-rot del fresal; black-rot del manzano; black-rot del membrillo; chancro del manzano; falso black-rot del manzano; falso black-rot del peral; podredumbre negra del ciruelo; podredumbre negra del manzano
• French: black-rot du cognassier; black-rot du fraisier; black-rot du pommier; chancre du pommier; dead arm noir de la vigne; faux black-rot du poirier; faux black-rot du pommier; pourriture noire du pommier; pourriture noire du prunier

Local Common Names

• Germany: Froschaugenkrankheit: Apfel; Rindenbrand: Obstgehoelze; Schwarzer: Obstgehoelze Krebs; Schwarzfaeule: Apfel

EPPO code

• BOTSOB (Botryosphaeria obtusa)

Taxonomic Tree

• Domain: Eukaryota
•     Kingdom: Fungi
•         Phylum: Ascomycota
•             Subphylum: Pezizomycotina
•                 Class: Dothideomycetes
•                     Order: Botryosphaeriales
•                         Family: Botryosphaeriaceae
•                             Genus: Botryosphaeria
•                                 Species: Botryosphaeria obtusa

Distribution Table

The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Host plants/Plants Affected

Natural Enemies

References

Akgul DS, Savas NG, Eskalen A, 2014. First report of wood canker caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia seriata, Neofusicoccum parvum, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae on grapevine in Turkey. Plant Disease, 98(4):568. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Arzanlou M, Dokhanchi H, 2013. Morphological and molecular characterization of Diplodia seriata, the causal agent of canker and twig dieback disease on mulberry in Iran. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 46(6):682-694. http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gapp20

Barradas C, Phillips AJL, Correia A, Diogo E, Bragança H, Alves A, 2016. Diversity and potential impact of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with Eucalyptus globulus plantations in Portugal. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 146(2):245-257. http://rd.springer.com/journal/10658

Ben Ghnaya-Chakroun A, Rezgui A, Vallance J, Kharoubi I, Dridi M, Hajlaoui MR, Rey P, Sadfi-Zouaoui N, 2014. First molecular and biochemical characterization of Phomopsis viticola and Diploidia seriata two pathogens of esca and black dead arm diseases of grapevine in the northern region of the Tunisia. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 3(8):977-987. http://www.ijcmas.com/vol-3-8/Asma%20Ben%20Ghnaya-Chakroun,%20et%20al.pdf

Bobev SG, Lopes J, Phillips AJL, 2008. First report of Diplodia seriata causing shoot blight and cankers of Cotoneaster salicifolius in Bulgaria. Plant Disease, 92(6):976. HTTP://www.apsnet.org

CABI/EPPO, 2005. Botryosphaeria obtusa. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, No. 945. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

Chattaoui M, Rhouma A, Msallem M, Pérez M, Moral J, Trapero A, 2012. First report of Botryosphaeria obtusa as causal agent of olive tree branch dieback in Tunisia. Plant Disease, 96(6):905. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Choudhury R, Modi P, Hanstad J, Elkins R, Gubler WD, 2014. First report of Diplodia seriata causing pear branch canker dieback in California. Plant Disease, 98(5):688-689. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Gramaje D, Agustí-Brisach C, Pérez-Sierra A, Moralejo E, Olmo D, Mostert L, Damm U, Armengol J, 2012. Fungal trunk pathogens associated with wood decay of almond trees on Mallorca (Spain). Persoonia, 28:1-13. http://www.persoonia.org

Kaliterna J, Milicevic T, Ivic D, Bencic D, Mesic A, 2012. First report of Diplodia seriata as causal agent of olive dieback in Croatia. Plant Disease, 96(2):290. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Linaldeddu BT, Deidda A, Scanu B, Franceschini A, Alves A, Abdollahzadeh J, Phillips AJL, 2016. Phylogeny, morphology and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae, Diatrypaceae and Gnomoniaceae associated with branch diseases of hazelnut in Sardinia (Italy). European Journal of Plant Pathology, 146(2):259-279. http://rd.springer.com/journal/10658

Mirabolfathy M, 2013. First report of Diplodia seriata from Zelkova carpinifolia with canker symptoms in Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 49(1):Pe135-Pe135, En47-En48. http://www.irjpp.ir/browse.php?a_id=667&sid=1&slc_lang=en

Palou L, Taberner V, Montesinos-Herrero C, 2013. First report of Diplodia seriata causing loquat fruit rot in Spain. Plant Disease, 97(3):421-422. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Urbez-Torres JR, Peduto F, Striegler RK, Urrea-Romero KE, Rupe JC, Cartwright RD, Gubler WD, 2012. Characterization of fungal pathogens associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Arkansas and Missouri. Fungal Diversity, 52(1):169-189. http://www.springerlink.com/content/r04710p5uv65j716/

Wang Xuan, Ma LiangJin, LüQuan, Meng XianJing, Zhang XingYao, 2014. Identification of the pathogens causing stem canker on Corya cathayensis. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 31(2):238-245. http://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn

Distribution Maps

• = Present, no further details
• = Evidence of pathogen
• = Widespread
• = Last reported
• = Localised
• = Presence unconfirmed
• = Confined and subject to quarantine
• = See regional map for distribution within the country
• = Occasional or few reports

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