Botryosphaeria dothidea (canker of almond)

Pictures

Picture	Title	Caption	Copyright
Title Symptoms Caption Early stages of white or bot rot on fruit; fruit lesions begin as small spots with red margins. Copyright T.B. Sutton	Symptoms	Early stages of white or bot rot on fruit; fruit lesions begin as small spots with red margins.	T.B. Sutton
Title Symptoms Caption White or bot rot on fruit; several examples of 'Golden Delicious' with decay. Note apple on lower left (arrowed) is infected with black rot. Copyright T.B. Sutton	Symptoms	White or bot rot on fruit; several examples of 'Golden Delicious' with decay. Note apple on lower left (arrowed) is infected with black rot.	T.B. Sutton
Title Symptoms Caption White or bot rot on fruit, internal symptoms: (a) bitter rot; (b) decay often reaches and surrounds the apple core. Copyright T.B. Sutton	Symptoms	White or bot rot on fruit, internal symptoms: (a) bitter rot; (b) decay often reaches and surrounds the apple core.	T.B. Sutton
Title Symptoms Caption White or bot rot rot on apple; note reddish-brown lesions on bark, young canker. Copyright Alan L. Jones	Symptoms	White or bot rot rot on apple; note reddish-brown lesions on bark, young canker.	Alan L. Jones
Title Symptoms Caption White or bot rot rot on apple; note exudation of liquid from a blister in an active canker. Copyright D.A. Rosenberger	Symptoms	White or bot rot rot on apple; note exudation of liquid from a blister in an active canker.	D.A. Rosenberger

Identity

Preferred Scientific Name

• Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug.) Ces. & de Not.

Preferred Common Name

• canker of almond

Other Scientific Names

• Botryosphaeria berengeriana DE NOT.
• Dothiorella mali ELLIS & EVERH.

International Common Names

• English: bark gummosis of peach; bot rot of apple; cane canker of blackberry; gummosis disease of blueberry; ripe rot of kiwi fruit; white rot of apple
• Spanish: chancro del almendro; gomosis del melocotonero; gomosis del mirto
• French: chancre de l'amandier; chancre des tiges du rosier; gommose de la myrtille; gommose du pecher

EPPO code

• BOTSDO (Botryosphaeria dothidea)

Taxonomic Tree

• Domain: Eukaryota
•     Kingdom: Fungi
•         Phylum: Ascomycota
•             Subphylum: Pezizomycotina
•                 Class: Dothideomycetes
•                     Order: Botryosphaeriales
•                         Family: Botryosphaeriaceae
•                             Genus: Botryosphaeria
•                                 Species: Botryosphaeria dothidea

Distribution Table

The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Host plants/Plants Affected

Growth Stages

List of Symptoms

Natural Enemies

References

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Arzanlou M, Moshari S, Bakhshi M, Khodaie S, 2012. Botryosphaeria dothidea associated with grapevine decline disease in Iran. Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 7(1):197-200. http://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13314-012-0083-5/fulltext.html

Barradas C, Phillips AJL, Correia A, Diogo E, Bragança H, Alves A, 2016. Diversity and potential impact of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with Eucalyptus globulus plantations in Portugal. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 146(2):245-257. http://rd.springer.com/journal/10658

Bertetti D, Poli A, Gullino ML, Garibaldi A, 2012. First report of fruit rot caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug. ex Fr.) Ces. & De Not. on European pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivated in Italy. (Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug. ex Fr.) Ces. & De Not., agente di marciume su frutti di pero coltivato in Italia.) Protezione delle Colture, No.4:60-64. http://www.agrinnova.org/comunicazione.php

Bian CH, Miao P, Kang YB, 2015. First report of canker disease of flue-cured tobacco caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea in China. Plant Disease, 99(6):890. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

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Brown EA II, Hendrix FF, 1981. Pathogenicity and histopathology of Botryosphaeria dothidea on apple stems. Phytopathology, 71(4):375-379

Chattaoui M, Rhouma A, Krid S, Triki MA, Moral J, Msallem M, Trapero A, 2011. First report of fruit rot of olives caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea in Tunisia. Plant Disease, 95(6):770. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Choi IY, 2011. First report of bark dieback on blueberry caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea in Korea. Plant Disease, 95(2):227. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

English H, Davis JR, DeVay JE, 1975. Relationship of Botryosphaeria dothidae and Hendersonula toruloidea to a canker disease of almond. Phytopathology, 65(2):114-122

Garibaldi A, Bertetti D, Poli A, Gullino ML, 2012. First report of fruit rot in pear caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea in Italy. Plant Disease, 96(6):910. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Gramaje D, Agustí-Brisach C, Pérez-Sierra A, Moralejo E, Olmo D, Mostert L, Damm U, Armengol J, 2012. Fungal trunk pathogens associated with wood decay of almond trees on Mallorca (Spain). Persoonia, 28:1-13. http://www.persoonia.org

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Jami F, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ, Gryzenhout M, 2014. Botryosphaeriaceae species overlap on four unrelated, native South African hosts. Fungal Biology, 118(2):168-179. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878614613001724

Khan NA, Mushtaq Ahmad, Ghani MY, 2010. Botyrosphaeria dothidea associated with white rot and stem bark canker of apple in Jammu & Kashmir. Applied Biological Research, 12(2):69-73. http://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:abr&volume=12&issue=2&article=006

Ko Y, Liu CW, Chen SS, Chiu KY, Sun YW, Maruthasalam S, 2011. First report of gummosis disease of Japanese apricot caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea in Taiwan. Plant Disease, 95(1):77. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Li X, Yan J, Kong F, Qiao G, Zhang Z, Wang Z, 2010. Botryosphaeria dothidea causing canker of grapevine newly reported in China. Plant Pathology, 59(6):1170. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/ppa

Maas JL, Uecker FA, 1984. Botryosphaeria dothidea cane canker of thornless blackberry. Plant Disease, 68(8):720-726

Marinelli E, Orzali L, Scalercio S, Riccioni L, 2012. First report of Botryosphaeria dothidea causing fruit rot of quince in Italy. Journal of Plant Pathology, 94(4, Supplement):S4.92. http://www.sipav.org/main/jpp/

Marques MW, Lima NB, Morais Júnior MAde, Michereff SJ, Phillips AJL, Câmara MPS, 2013. Botryosphaeria, Neofusicoccum, Neoscytalidium and Pseudofusicoccum species associated with mango in Brazil. Fungal Diversity, 61(1):195-208. http://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13225-013-0258-1

Mayorquin JS, Eskalen A, Downer AJ, Hodel DR, Liu A, 2012. First report of multiple species of the Botryosphaeriaceae causing bot canker disease of Indian laurel-leaf fig in California. Plant Disease, 96(3):459. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Mo JY, Li QL, Guo TX, Huang SP, Pan ZB, Ning P, Hsiang T, 2013. First report of gummosis caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea on mango trees in Guangxi, South China. Journal of Plant Pathology, 95(3):665. http://sipav.org/main/jpp/index.php/jpp/article/view/2979

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Distribution Maps

• = Present, no further details
• = Evidence of pathogen
• = Widespread
• = Last reported
• = Localised
• = Presence unconfirmed
• = Confined and subject to quarantine
• = See regional map for distribution within the country
• = Occasional or few reports

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