Datasheet
bonamiosis (Bonamia ostreae)
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Identity
Top of pagePreferred Scientific Name
- bonamiosis (Bonamia ostreae)
International Common Names
- English: Bonamia ostreae infection of oysters; Bonamia ostreae of oysters; bonamiasis; haemocyte disease of flat oyster; haemocytic parasitosis; infection with Bonamia ostreae; microcell disease
Overview
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Bonamia ostreae is a Haplosporidia protozoan parasite (Carnegie and Cochennec-Laureau, 2004) infecting haemocytes of flat oysters, Ostrea edulis, and inducing physiological disorders. Infection is often fatal depending on host and environmental conditions. In Europe, B. ostreae was first described in France (Pichot et al. 1980) as the causative agent of serious mortalities in this native species. Since then, it has been responsible for a drastic decrease in O. edulis production in different farming areas along the European Atlantic coast (reviewed by Carnegie and Cochennec-Laureau, 2004). It has also been detected in O. edulis populations on the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of North America (Carnegie and Cochennec-Laureau, 2004; Marty et al. 2006).
Control of the disease relies on disease management practices and transfer restriction (Morga et al., 2012). Selective breeding programmes for resistance to bonamiosis have also been undertaken to counter this disease (Naciri-Graven et al., 1998; Bédier et al., 2002; Lynch et al., 2014).
Infection with Bonamia ostreae is on the list of diseases notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). For further information on this disease from OIE, see the website: www.oie.int
Hosts/Species Affected
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Ostrea edulis is the only known natural susceptible species.
Distribution
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Infection with B. ostreae has been found in Europe (France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Spain and the UK), Canada and the USA (Carnegie and Cochennec-Laureau, 2004).
Distribution Table
Top of pageThe distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.
| Country | Distribution | Last Reported | Origin | First Reported | Invasive | References | Notes | NORTH AMERICA |
| Canada | Present | | | | | Marty et al., 2006 | |
| USA | Present | | | | | Friedman & Perkins, 1994 | |
| -Maine | Present | | | | | Friedman & Perkins, 1994 | |
EUROPE |
| France | Present | | | | | Mialhe et al., 1988 | |
| Ireland | Present | | | | | Lynch et al., 2014 | |
| Italy | Present | | | | | Narcisi et al., 2010 | |
| Netherlands | Present | | | | | Engelsma et al., 2010 | |
| Spain | Present | | | | | Montes et al., 2003; Conchas et al., 2003 | |
| UK | Present | | | | | Laing et al., 2014 | |
References
Top of pageBédier E, Cochennec N, Langlade A, Coguic Yle, Blouin F, Goyard E, Gérard A, 2002. Investigation into the bonamiosis resistance of the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis. In: Proceedings of the 7th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, Montpellier, France, August, 2002. Session 6. Montpellier, France: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 0-3.
Carnegie RB, Cochennec-Laureau N, 2004. Microcell parasites of oysters: recent insights and future trends. Aquatic Living Resources, 17(4):519-528. http://www.alr-journal.org/index.php?option=article&access=standard&Itemid=129&url=/articles/alr/abs/2004/04/alr30/alr30.html
Conchas RF, Santamarina J, Lama A, Longa MA, Montes J, 2003. Evolution of bonamiosis in Galicia (NW Spain). Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 23(6):265-272.
Engelsma MY, Kerkhoff S, Roozenburg I, Haenen OLM, Gool Avan, Sistermans W, Wijnhoven S, Hummel H, 2010. Epidemiology of Bonamia ostreae infecting European flat oysters Ostrea edulis from Lake Grevelingen, The Netherlands. Marine Ecology, Progress Series, 409:131-142.
Friedman CS, Perkins FO, 1994. Range extension of Bonamia ostreae to Maine, USA. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 64(3):179-181.
Laing I, Dunn P, Peeler EJ, Feist SW, Longshaw M, 2014. Epidemiology of Bonamia in the UK, 1982 to 2012. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 110(1/2):101-111. http://www.int-res.com/articles/dao_oa/d110p101.pdf
Lynch SA, Flannery G, Hugh-Jones T, Hugh-Jones D, Culloty SC, 2014. Thirty-year history of Irish (Rossmore) Ostrea edulis selectively bred for disease resistance to Bonamia ostreae. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 110(1/2):113-121. http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/dao/v110/n1-2/p113-121/
Marty GD, Bower SM, Clarke KR, Meyer G, Lowe G, Osborn AL, Chow EP, Hannah H, Byrne S, Sojonky K, Robinson JH, 2006. Histopathology and a real-time PCR assay for detection of Bonamia ostreae in Ostrea edulis cultured in western Canada. Aquaculture, 261(1):33-42. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00448486
Mialhe E, Bachère E, Chagot D, Grizel H, 1988. Isolation and purification of the protozoan Bonamia ostreae (Pichot et al. 1980), a parasite affecting the flat oyster Ostrea edulis L. Aquaculture, 71:293-299.
Montes J, Ferro-Soto B, Conchas RF, Guerra A, 2003. Determining culture strategies in populations of the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, affected by bonamiosis. Aquaculture, 220(1/4):175-182.
Morga B, Renault T, Faury N, Arzul I, 2012. New insights in flat oyster Ostrea edulis resistance against the parasite Bonamia ostreae. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 32(6):958-968. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10504648
Naciri-Graven Y, Martin AG, Baud JP, Renault T, Gérard A, 1998. Selecting the flat oyster Ostrea edulis (L.) for survival when infected with the parasite Bonamia ostreae. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 224(1):91-107.
Narcisi V, Arzul I, Cargini D, Mosca F, Calzetta A, Traversa D, Robert M, Joly JP, Chollet B, Renault T, Tiscar PG, 2010. Detection of Bonamia ostreae and B. exitiosa (Haplosporidia) in Ostrea edulis from the Adriatic Sea (Italy). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 89(1):79-85.
OIE Handistatus, 2005. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (data set for 2004). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.
OIE, 2009. World Animal Health Information Database - Version: 1.4. World Animal Health Information Database. Paris, France: World Organisation for Animal Health. http://www.oie.int
Pichot Y, Comps M, Tige G, Grizel H, Rabouin MA, 1980. Studies on Bonamia ostreae n.g., n.sp., from the flat oyster, Ostrea edulis. (Recherches sur Bonamia ostreae gen.n., sp.n., parasite nouveau de l'huitre plate Ostrea edulis L. [La conchyliculture Francaise. 3e partie: l'ostreiculture et la mytiliculture. Edited by L. Marteil.].) Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Peches Maritimes, 43(1):131-140.
Distribution Maps
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- = Present, no further details
- = Evidence of pathogen
- = Widespread
- = Last reported
- = Localised
- = Presence unconfirmed
- = Confined and subject to quarantine
- = See regional map for distribution within the country
- = Occasional or few reports