Aspidiotus nerii (Oleander scale)

Pictures

Picture	Title	Caption	Copyright
Title Adults and nymphs on citrus Caption Copyright AgrEvo	Adults and nymphs on citrus		AgrEvo

Identity

Preferred Scientific Name

• Aspidiotus nerii Bouché, 1833

Preferred Common Name

• Oleander scale

Other Scientific Names

• Aspidiosus unipectinatus Ferris, 1941
• Aspidiotus ? osmanthi Signoret, 1877
• Aspidiotus affinis Targioni Tozzetti, 1868
• Aspidiotus aloes Signoret, 1869
• Aspidiotus atherospermae Maskell, 1879
• Aspidiotus bouchei (Targioni Tozzetti) Targioni Tozzetti, 1868
• Aspidiotus budlaei Maskell, 1879
• Aspidiotus budleiae Signoret, 1869
• Aspidiotus caldesii Targioni Tozzetti, 1868
• Aspidiotus capparis Signoret, 1869
• Aspidiotus carpodeti Maskell, 1885
• Aspidiotus ceratoniae Signoret, 1869
• Aspidiotus confusus Froggatt, 1914
• Aspidiotus corynocarpi Colvée, 1881
• Aspidiotus cycadicola (Boisduval) Signoret, 1869
• Aspidiotus denticulatus Targioni Tozzetti, 1868
• Aspidiotus dysoxyli Maskell, 1879
• Aspidiotus epidendri Signoret, 1869
• Aspidiotus ericae (Boisduval) Signoret, 1869
• Aspidiotus fonsecai Giannotti, 1942
• Aspidiotus genistae Westwood, 1840
• Aspidiotus gnidii Signoret, 1869
• Aspidiotus hederae Signoret, 1869
• Aspidiotus hederae hederae Schmutterer, 1952
• Aspidiotus hederae unipectinata Carimini, 1930
• Aspidiotus hederae unisexualis Schmutterer, 1952
• Aspidiotus hederae urenae Hall, 1923
• Aspidiotus ilicis Signoret, 1869
• Aspidiotus lentisci Signoret, 1877
• Aspidiotus limonii Signoret, 1869
• Aspidiotus myricinae Signoret, 1869
• Aspidiotus myrsinae Signoret, 1877
• Aspidiotus offinis Comstock, 1883
• Aspidiotus oleae Colvée, 1880
• Aspidiotus oleastri Colvée, 1882
• Aspidiotus paranerii Gerson, in Gerson & Hazan, 1979
• Aspidiotus rectangulatus (Lindinger) Ferris, 1941
• Aspidiotus simillimus (Cockerell) Fernald, 1903
• Aspidiotus sophorae Maskell, 1884
• Aspidiotus tasmaniae Green, 1915
• Aspidiotus transparens rectangulatus Lindinger, 1913
• Aspidiotus transparens var. simillimus Cockerell, 1898
• Aspidiotus transvaalensis Leonardi, 1914
• Aspidiotus ulicis Signoret, 1869
• Aspidiotus urenae (Hall) Ferris, 1941
• Aspidiotus vagabundus Cockerell, 1899
• Aspidiotus villosus Targioni Tozzetti, 1868
• Aspidiotus viresciae Leonardi, 1920
• Aspidiotus vriesciae Signoret, 1869
• Chermes aloes Boisduval, 1867
• Chermes cycadicola Boisduval, 1867
• Chermes ericae Boisduval, 1867
• Chermes genistae (Westwood) Ferris, 1941
• Chermes hederae (Signoret) Ferris, 1937
• Chermes nerii Boisduval, 1868
• Chermes osmanthi Ferris, 1941
• Coccus (Aspidiotus) palmarum Taschenberg, 1880
• Coccus limonii Murray, 1871
• Diaspis bouchei Targioni Tozzetti, 1867
• Diaspis obliquum Costa, 1829
• Octaspidiotus anthospermae Balachowsky, 1948
• Octaspidiotus atherospermae (Maskell) MacGillivray, 1921

International Common Names

• English: aucuba scale; ivy scale; lemon peel scale; white scale
• Spanish: cochinilla blanca del olivo; piojo blanco; piojo blanco del naranjo; queresa del laurel
• French: chermes du laurier-rose (m); cochenille du laurier-rose; cochenille du lierre
• Russian: plushevaya shitovka
• Portuguese: pinta-branca

Local Common Names

• Chile: escama blanca de la hiedra
• Denmark: palmeskjoldlus, gul
• Finland: murattikilpikirva
• Germany: Schildlaus, Oleander-
• Israel: knimat hakisos
• Italy: aspidioto dell'edera; bianca dei limoni; pidocchio bianco dei limoni
• Japan: siro-marukaigaramusi
• Mexico: escama hiedra
• Netherlands: Kasschildluis
• Norway: palmeskjoldlus
• South Africa: oleanderdopluis
• Sweden: palmskoeldlus, gul
• Turkey: sarmasik kabuklu biti

EPPO code

• ASPDNE (Aspidiotus nerii)

Taxonomic Tree

• Domain: Eukaryota
•     Kingdom: Metazoa
•         Phylum: Arthropoda
•             Subphylum: Uniramia
•                 Class: Insecta
•                     Order: Hemiptera
•                         Suborder: Sternorrhyncha
•                             Superfamily: Coccoidea
•                                 Family: Diaspididae
•                                     Genus: Aspidiotus
•                                         Species: Aspidiotus nerii

Distribution Table

The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Host plants/Plants Affected

Growth Stages

List of Symptoms

Natural Enemies

References

Alexandrakis V, Benassy C, 1981. Experiment in biological control on olive in Crete using Aphytis melinus De Bach (Hym. Aphelinidae), parasite of Aspidiotus nerii Bouche (Hom. Diaspididae). Acta Oecologica, Oecologia Applicata, 2(1):13-25.

Alexandrakis V, Neuenschwander P, 1980. The role of Aphytis chilensis (Hym.: Aphelinidae), a parasite of Aspidiotus nerii (Hom.: Diapsididae) on olive in Crete. Entomophaga, 25(1):61-71.

Badr SA, 2014. Insects and non insects species associated with pine needle trees in Alexandria Egypt. Journal of Entomology, 11(1):49-55. http://scialert.net/qredirect.php?doi=je.2014.49.55&linkid=pdf

Beardsley JW Jr, Gonzalez RH, 1975. The biology and ecology of armored scales [Diaspididae]. In: Smith RF, Mittler TE, Smith CN, ed. Annual Review of Entomology. Volume 20. Palo Alto, California, USA: Annual Reviews Inc., 47-73.

Ben-Dov Y, Matile-Ferrero D, 1999. Nomenclature of the Oleander scale (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Diaspididae). Revue Française d'Entomologie, 21(1):5-8.

Booth RG, 1998. A review of the species resembling Chilocorus nigrita (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): potential agents for biological control. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 88(4):361-367; 21 ref.

CIE, 1970. Distribution Maps of Pests, No. 268. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

Claps LE, Terßn AL, 2001. Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) associated with citrus plants in Tucumßn, Argentina. Neotropical Entomology, 30(3):391-402; 38 ref.

Culik MP, Ventura JA, Martins Ddos S, 2009. Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccidae) of pineapple in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Acta Horticulturae [Proceedings of the Sixth International Pineapple Symposium, Joao Pessoa, Brazil, 18-23 November 2007.], No.822:215-218. http://www.actahort.org

Davidson RH, Lyon WF, 1987. Insect pests of farm, garden, and orchard. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons, 8: 640 pp.

DeBach P, Rosen D, 1991. Biological control by natural enemies. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2:xiv + 440 pp.

Dreistadt SH, Clark JK, Flint ML, 1994. Pests of Landscape Trees and Shrubs: An Integrated Pest Management Guide. Oakland, California, USA: University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 3359.

Dymock JJ, Holder PW, 1996. Nationwide survey of arthropods and molluscs on cut flowers in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 24(3):249-257.

Flint ML, 1990. Pests of the garden and small farm. A grower's guide to using less pesticide. Pests of the garden and small farm. A grower's guide to using less pesticide., x + 276 pp.

Golan K, Górska-Drabik E, 2006. The scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccinea) of ornamental plants in a greenhouse of the Maria Curie Skodowska University Botanical Garden in Lublin. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 46(4):347-352. http://www.ior.poznan.pl/Journal/

Grout TG, Moore SD, 2015. [English title not available]. In: Insects of Cultivated Plants and Natural Pastures in Southern Africa [ed. by Prinsloo, G. L., Uys, V. M.]. Hatfield, South Africa: Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 448-499.

Hare JD, Morgan DJW, 1997. Mass-priming Aphytis: behavioral improvement of insectary-reared biological control agents. Biological Control, 10(3):207-214; 29 ref.

Henderson RC, 2001. New synonymies for two armoured scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae) on Dysoxylum spectabile. New Zealand Entomologist, 24:89-90.

Henderson RC, Sultan A, Robertson AW, 2010. Scale insect fauna (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) of New Zealand's pygmy mistletoes (Korthalsella: Viscaceae) with description of three new species: Leucaspis albotecta, L. trilobata (Diaspididae) and Eriococcus korthalsellae (Eriococcidae). Zootaxa, 2644:1-24. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2010/f/z02644p024f.pdf

Heu R, 1993. Distribution, Host Records of Agricultural Pests and Other Organisms of Hawaii. Hawaii, USA: State of Hawaii Deptartment of Agriculture, Survey Program, Pest Control Branch, Plant Industry Division.

Hill MG, Allan DJ, Henderson RC, Charles JG, 1993. Introduction of armoured scale predators and establishment of the predatory mite Hemisarcoptes coccophagus (Acari: Hemisarcoptidae) on latania scale, Hemiberlesia lataniae (Homoptera: Diaspididae) in kiwifruit shelter trees in New Zealand. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 83(3):369-376.

Honda JY, Luck RF, 1995. Scale morphology effects on feeding behaviour and biological control potential of Rhyzobius lophanthae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 88(4):441-450; 34 ref.

Huffaker CB, Messenger PS, 1976. Theory and practice of biological control. Theory and practice of biological control., xxii + 788 pp.; [many fig., 240 X 170 mm].

Izraylevich S, Gerson U, 1993. Population dynamics of Hemisarcoptes coccophagus Meyer (Astigmata: Hemisarcoptidae) attacking three species of armored scale insects (Homoptera: Diaspididae). Experimental & Applied Acarology, 17(12):877-888.

Karaca I, Senal D, Colkesen T, ÷zg÷kce MS, 1999. Observations on the oleander scale, Aspidiotus nerii BouchT (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and its natural enemies on blueleaf wattle in Adana Province, Turkey. Entomologica, 33:407-412; 5 ref.

Malumphy C, 2016. Six non-native species of scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) new for Belgium. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 152(4):245-251. http://www.pemberleybooks.com

O'Connor JP, Gertsson CA, Malumphy C, 2013. A review of the Irish scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Irish Naturalists' Journal, 32(1):32-44. http://inj.biodiversityireland.ie/

Prinsloo GL Uys VM, 2015. Insects of Cultivated Plants and Natural Pastures in Southern Africa. Hatfield, South Africa: Entomological Society of Southern Africa.

Quiroga D, Arretz P, Araya JE, 1991. Sucking insects damaging jojoba, Simmondsia chinesis (Link) Schneider, and their natural enemies, in the North Central and Central regions of Chile. Crop Protection, 10(6):469-472.

Ragusa S, Tsolakis H, Caleca V, Agrò A, Pinto Mlo, 2007. Observations on citrus groves acarofauna and control techniques of phytophagous mites, Phyllocnistis citrella and Aspidiotus nerii. (Osservazioni sull'acarocenosi dell'agrumeto e tecniche di controllo di acari fitofagi, di Phyllocnistis citrella e di Aspidiotus nerii.) Italus Hortus [Atti del Convegno Risultati finali progetto MiPAAF "Ricerche e sperimentazioni nel settore dell'agrumicoltura italiana" (Piano Agrumicolo Nazionale), Acireale (CT), Italy, 30 maggio-1 giugno 2007.], 14(6):108-109. http://www.soihs.it

Rocha KCG, Silva RAda, Michelotto MD, Busoli AC, 2006. Biological, morphological and behavioral aspects of Aspidiotus nerii Bouché, 1833 (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). (Aspectos biológicos, morfológicos e comportamentais de Aspidiotus nerii Bouché, 1833 (Hemiptera: Diaspididae).) Ciência Rural, 36(2):363-368. http://www.ufsm.br/ccr/revista

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Ülgentürk S, Sahin Ö, Kaydan MB, 2008. Coccoidea (Hemiptera) species on park plants in urban areas of Istanbul province. (Istanbul ili yesil alan bitkilerinde bulunan Coccoidea (Hemiptera) türleri.) Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 48(1):1-18. http://www.ziraimucadele.gov.tr

VanDriesche R, Idione K, Rose M, Bryan M, 1998. Evaluation of the effectiveness of Chilocorus kuwanae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in suppressing the euonymus scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae). Biological Control, 12: 56-65.

Williams DJ, Watson GW, 1988. The Scale Insects of the Tropical South Pacific Region. Part 1. The Armoured Scales (Diaspididae). Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

Distribution Maps

• = Present, no further details
• = Evidence of pathogen
• = Widespread
• = Last reported
• = Localised
• = Presence unconfirmed
• = Confined and subject to quarantine
• = See regional map for distribution within the country
• = Occasional or few reports

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