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Datasheet

Apple green crinkle disease (green crinkle)

Index

Summary

  • Last modified
  • 15 May 2008
  • Datasheet Type(s)
  • Pest
  • Preferred Scientific Name
  • Apple green crinkle disease
  • Preferred Common Name
  • green crinkle
  • Taxonomic Tree
  • Domain: Virus
  •     Genus: Unassigned virus
  •         Species: Apple green crinkle disease
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  • Distribution mapMore information

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Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

  • Apple green crinkle disease

Preferred Common Name

  • green crinkle

Other Scientific Names

  • Apple false sting virus
  • Apple green crinkle virus

International Common Names

  • French: fruit bosselé

Local Common Names

  • Germany: Buckelfrüchtigkeit

Taxonomic Tree

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  • Domain: Virus
  •     Genus: Unassigned virus
  •         Species: Apple green crinkle disease

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

CountryDistributionLast ReportedOriginFirst ReportedInvasiveReferencesNotes

ASIA

ChinaPresentLiu & Wang, 1981
-GansuPresentWang & Hong, 1997
-HenanPresentWang & Hong, 1997
-LiaoningPresentWang & Hong, 1997
-ShaanxiPresentWang & Hong, 1997
India
-Himachal PradeshPresentSharma et al., 1979
JapanPresentThomsen, 1989
TurkeyPresentOzkan & Kurcman, 1976

NORTH AMERICA

Canada
-Nova ScotiaPresentHockey, 1941; Hockey, 1943
MexicoPresentNémeth, 1986
USAPresentSmith, 1972; Fridlund & Drake, 1987
-CaliforniaPresentThomas, 1961
-WashingtonWidespreadFridlund & Drake, 1987; Hansen & Parish, 1990

SOUTH AMERICA

Brazil
-Santa CatarinaPresentLeite & Bleicher, 1993
ChilePresentNémeth, 1986

EUROPE

AustriaPresentDrahorad, 1977
Czechoslovakia (former)PresentKristensen & Ronde, 1952
DenmarkPresentSmith, 1972; Kristensen & Ronde, 1952; Thomsen, 1976; Bagger, 1979
FinlandPresentThomsen, 1989
Former USSRPresentThomsen, 1989
FrancePresentLemoine, 1990
GermanyPresentThomsen, 1989
ItalyPresentRefatti, 1983
LatviaPresentKilevits & Miltyn'sh, 1977
NorwayPresentThomsen, 1989; Bj°rnstad, 1963
PolandPresentChamberlain et al., 1974
PortugalPresentNémeth, 1986
SwedenPresentThomsen, 1989
UK
-England and WalesPresentChamberlain et al., 1974

OCEANIA

AustraliaPresentSmith, 1972; Thomsen, 1989
-New South WalesPresentPares & Hutton, 1961
-QueenslandPresentShea, 1964
-TasmaniaPresentJohnstone & Martin, 1968; Johnstone & Sampson, 1986
New ZealandWidespreadSmith, 1972; Chamberlain et al., 1974; Wood, 2000

Host plants/Plants Affected

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Plant nameFamilyContext
Malus domestica (apple)RosaceaeMain

Growth Stages

Top of pageVegetative growing stage

List of Symptoms

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SignLife StagesType

Fruit

abnormal shape
discoloration
lesions: black or brown
lesions: scab or pitting
reduced size

Whole plant

dwarfing

Plant Trade

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Plant parts liable to carry the pest in trade/transportPest stagesBorne internallyBorne externallyVisibility of pest or symptoms
Stems (above ground), Shoots, Trunks, BranchesYesPest or symptoms usually invisible
WoodNoPest or symptoms usually invisible
Plant parts not known to carry the pest in trade/transport
Bulbs, Tubers, Corms, Rhizomes
True seeds (inc. grain)

References

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Atkinson JD, Chamberlain EE, Hunter JA, Wood GA, 1965. Virus in Granny Smith trees. Orchard NZ, 38(4):111-112.

Bagger O, 1977. [Plant diseases in Demark in 1976. 93rd Annual Survey]. Lyngby, Denmark: State Plant Pathology Institute.

Bjørnstad A, 1963. Fruktskader på Eple-Virus. Yrkesfruktdyrkning, 1-2:1-7.

Chamberlain EE, Atkinson JD, Hunter JA, Wood GA, 1974. Green crinkle disease of apple. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 17(2):137-146.

Conners IL, 1967. An annotated index of plant diseases in Canada and fungi recorded on plants in Alaska, Canada and Greenland. Research Branch, Canada Department of Agriculture, Publ. 1251.

Drahorad W, 1977. Apple green crinkle. Obstbau Weinbau, 14(9):267-268

Fridlund PR, Drake SR, 1987. Influence of apple green crinkle disease on the quality of Granny Smith apples. Plant Disease, 71(7):585-587

Hansen AJ, Parish CL, 1990. Transmissible Fruit Disorders. In: Jones AL, Aldwinckle HS, eds. Compendium of Apple and Pear Diseases. St Paul, MN, USA: APS Press, 77-78.

Hockey TF, 1941. False sting - a virus disease of apple. Scientific Agriculture, 21:242-243.

Hockey TF, 1943. Mosaic, false sting, and flat limb of apple. Scientific Agriculture, 23:633-646.

Howell WE, Burgess J, Mink GI, Zhang YP, Skrzeczkowski LJ, 1998. Elimination of apple fruit and bark deforming agents by heat therapy. Acta Horticulturae, No. 472:641-646; 21 ref.

Johnstone GR, Martin D, 1968. Comparison between Granny Smith apples from healthy and green crinkle virus infected trees. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, 8:381-384.

Johnstone GR, Sampson PJ, 1986. The influence of temperature on the expression of green crinkle in Granny Smith apple fruit. Acta Horticulturae, 193:113-118.

Kilevits MA, Miltyn'sh GE, 1977. Raising of healthy virus-free apple planting material in Latvian SSR. Teknologyia Vyrashchivaniya Bezvirusnogo Posadochnogo Materiala Plodovykh Kultur i Vingrada, 19-23.

Kristensen HR, 1963. Apple green crinkle. In: Technical Communications of the Commonwealth Bureau of Horticultural and Plantation Crops, 30:31034.

Kristensen HR, Ronde H, 1952. Bukkelaebler - en ny virussygdom. Evhvervsfrugtavleren, 18:322-323.

Leite GB, Bleicher J, 1993. Viruses and mycoplasmas of apples in the state of Santa Catarina. Agropecuaria Catarinense, 6(3):21-24

Lemoine J, 1987. Effect of heat on symptoms induced by green crinkle disease on the apple cultivar Golden Delicious (M.x domestica Borkh.). Agronomie, 7(6):431-435

Lemoine J, 1990. Diseases of decline. Arboriculture Fruitiere, No. 434:38-48

Liu F, Wang H, 1981. Experiment for graft transmission of apple green crinkle disease. Res. Inst. of Pomol. Annual Report. Xingcheng, Liaoning, China: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, 1-3.

McCrum RC, Barrat JG, Hilborn MT, Rich AE, 1960. Apple Virus Diseases: An Illustrated Review. Bulletin of Maine Experimental Station, 595:63 pp. (Technical Bulletin of New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, No. 101).

Németh M, 1986. Virus, Mycoplasma and Rickettsia Diseases of Fruit Trees. Lancaster, Boston, USA/Dordrecht, Netherlands: M. Nijhoff Publishers, 841 pp.

Ozkan M, Kurcman S, 1976. Virus diseases observed in Central Anatolian apple orchards. Bitki Koruma Bulteni, 16(2):106-115

Pares RD, Hutton KE, 1961. Virus diseases of pome fruit in New South Wales. The Agricultural Gazette, New South Wales, 72:414-421.

Refatti E, 1983. Virus and mycoplasma diseases of pome fruits: situation in Italy and problems of quarantine. Informatore Fitopatologico, 33(2):38-42

Sharma DC, Giri BK, Verma LR, 1979. Additional viral/viral like diseases of temperate fruits in Simla Hills (Himachal Pradesh - India). A report. Additional viral/viral like diseases of temperate fruits in Simla Hills (Himachal Pradesh - India). A report. IARI Regional Sta., Flowerdale. Simla India, 7 pp.

Shea KN, 1964. Apple virus diseases in Queensland. Queensland Agricultural Journal, 90:682-685.

Smith IM, Dunez J, Phillips DH, Lelliott RA, Archer SA, 1988. European Handbook of Plant Diseases. London, UK: Blackwell Scientific.

Smith KM, 1972. A Textbook of Plant Virus Diseases. London, UK: Longman, 684 pp.

Thomas HE, 1961. Virus diseases of apple. Hilgardia, 31:435-457.

Thomsen A, 1976. Comparative studies of apple green crinkle in "Guldborg" and some ornamental Malus. Acta Horticulturae, 67:289-292.

Thomsen A, 1989. Green crinkle, In: Fridlund PR, ed. Virus and Virus-like Diseases of Pome Fruits and Simulating Non-Infectious Disorders. Washington State Cooperative Extension and US Department of Agriculture, No. SP003:55-57.

Wang GP, Hong N, 1997. The virus diseases of deciduous fruit crops and their research status in China. China Fruits, 3:43-45.

Wood GA, 1972. Overcoming apple virus disease problems in New Zealand. Orchard N.Z., 45(2):62-64.

Wood GA, 2000. Determining whether natural spread of apple green crinkle disease occurs, its absence from New Zealand clonal apple rootstocks, and the sensitivity of some new cultivars. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 28(4):245-253; 30 ref.

Distribution Maps

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Distribution map Austria: Present Drahorad, 1977Australia: Present Smith, 1972; Thomsen, 1989Australia See regional map for distribution within the countryAustralia See regional map for distribution within the countryAustralia See regional map for distribution within the countryBrazil See regional map for distribution within the countryCanada See regional map for distribution within the countryChile: Present Németh, 1986China: Present Liu & Wang, 1981China: Present Liu & Wang, 1981China See regional map for distribution within the countryChina See regional map for distribution within the countryChina See regional map for distribution within the countryChina See regional map for distribution within the countryCzechoslovakia (former): Present Kristensen & Ronde, 1952Germany: Present Thomsen, 1989Denmark: Present Smith, 1972; Kristensen & Ronde, 1952; Thomsen, 1976Finland: Present Thomsen, 1989France: Present Lemoine, 1990UK See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia See regional map for distribution within the countryItaly: Present Refatti, 1983Japan: Present Thomsen, 1989Latvia: Present Kilevits & Miltyn'sh, 1977Mexico: Present Németh, 1986Mexico: Present Németh, 1986Norway: Present Thomsen, 1989New Zealand: Widespread Smith, 1972; Chamberlain et al., 1974; Wood, 2000Poland: Present Chamberlain et al., 1974Portugal: Present Németh, 1986Sweden: Present Thomsen, 1989Former USSR: Present Thomsen, 1989Former USSR: Present Thomsen, 1989Turkey: Present Ozkan & Kurcman, 1976Turkey: Present Ozkan & Kurcman, 1976Turkey: Present Ozkan & Kurcman, 1976USA: Present Smith, 1972; Fridlund & Drake, 1987USA: Present Smith, 1972; Fridlund & Drake, 1987USA See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA See regional map for distribution within the country
  • = Present, no further details
  • = Evidence of pathogen
  • = Widespread
  • = Last reported
  • = Localised
  • = Presence unconfirmed
  • = Confined and subject to quarantine
  • = See regional map for distribution within the country
  • = Occasional or few reports
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Distribution map (asia) China: Present Liu & Wang, 1981Gansu: Present Wang & Hong, 1997Henan: Present Wang & Hong, 1997Liaoning: Present Wang & Hong, 1997Shaanxi: Present Wang & Hong, 1997Himachal Pradesh: Present Sharma et al., 1979Japan: Present Thomsen, 1989Former USSR: Present Thomsen, 1989Turkey: Present Ozkan & Kurcman, 1976
Distribution map (europe) Austria: Present Drahorad, 1977Czechoslovakia (former): Present Kristensen & Ronde, 1952Germany: Present Thomsen, 1989Denmark: Present Smith, 1972; Kristensen & Ronde, 1952; Thomsen, 1976Finland: Present Thomsen, 1989France: Present Lemoine, 1990England and Wales: Present Chamberlain et al., 1974Italy: Present Refatti, 1983Latvia: Present Kilevits & Miltyn'sh, 1977Norway: Present Thomsen, 1989Poland: Present Chamberlain et al., 1974Portugal: Present Németh, 1986Sweden: Present Thomsen, 1989Former USSR: Present Thomsen, 1989Turkey: Present Ozkan & Kurcman, 1976
Distribution map (africa) Turkey: Present Ozkan & Kurcman, 1976
Distribution map (north america) Nova Scotia: Present Hockey, 1941; Hockey, 1943Mexico: Present Németh, 1986USA: Present Smith, 1972; Fridlund & Drake, 1987California: Present Thomas, 1961Washington: Widespread Fridlund & Drake, 1987; Hansen & Parish, 1990
Distribution map (central america) Mexico: Present Németh, 1986USA: Present Smith, 1972; Fridlund & Drake, 1987
Distribution map (south america) Santa Catarina: Present Leite & Bleicher, 1993Chile: Present Németh, 1986
Distribution map (pacific) Australia: Present Smith, 1972; Thomsen, 1989New South Wales: Present Pares & Hutton, 1961Queensland: Present Shea, 1964Tasmania: Present Johnstone & Martin, 1968; Johnstone & Sampson, 1986China: Present Liu & Wang, 1981New Zealand: Widespread Smith, 1972; Chamberlain et al., 1974; Wood, 2000

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