Datasheet
Watermelon mosaic virus (watermelon mosaic)
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Pictures
Top of page| Picture | Title | Caption | Copyright |  | Title | Symptoms on leaves |
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| Caption | Necrotic lesions on fully developed leaves of VNV-infected Vanilla fragrans. |
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| Copyright | M.N. Pearson |
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| Symptoms on leaves | Necrotic lesions on fully developed leaves of VNV-infected Vanilla fragrans. | M.N. Pearson |
 | Title | Symptoms on leaf |
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| Caption | Chlorotic patches and leaf distortion in tip leaves of VNV-infected Vanilla fragrans. |
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| Copyright | M.N. Pearson |
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| Symptoms on leaf | Chlorotic patches and leaf distortion in tip leaves of VNV-infected Vanilla fragrans. | M.N. Pearson |
 | Title | Healthy and infected vines |
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| Caption | Left: Necrosis and dieback of VNV-infected Vanilla fragrans vine.
Right: Healthy V. fragrans vine growing on the support tree Jatropha curcus. |
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| Copyright | M.N. Pearson |
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| Healthy and infected vines | Left: Necrosis and dieback of VNV-infected Vanilla fragrans vine.
Right: Healthy V. fragrans vine growing on the support tree Jatropha curcus. | M.N. Pearson |
 | Title | Symptoms on rockmelon |
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| Caption | Fruit symptoms on WMV-2-infected rockmelon. |
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| Copyright | HFRI of NZ |
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| Symptoms on rockmelon | Fruit symptoms on WMV-2-infected rockmelon. | HFRI of NZ |
Identity
Top of pagePreferred Scientific Name
Preferred Common Name
Other Scientific Names
- marrow mosaic virus
- melon mosaic virus
- soybean mosaic virus N strain
- watermelon mosaic 2 potyvirus
- watermelon mosaic II potyvirus
- watermelon mosaic II virus
- watermelon mosaic potyvirus
- watermelon mosaic potyvirus-II
- watermelon mosaic virus 2
International Common Names
- French: mosaïque de la pastèque
Local Common Names
- Germany: Wassermelonenvirus
English acronym
EPPO code
- WMV000 (Watermelon mosaic potyvirus)
Taxonomic Tree
Top of page
- Domain: Virus
- Group: "Positive sense ssRNA viruses"
- Group: "RNA viruses"
- Family: Potyviridae
- Genus: Potyvirus
- Species: Watermelon mosaic virus
Distribution Table
Top of pageThe distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.
| Country | Distribution | Last Reported | Origin | First Reported | Invasive | References | Notes | ASIA |
| Bangladesh | Present | | | | | Akanda et al., 1991; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| China | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Hebei | Present | | | | | Wei et al., 1991; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Heilongjiang | Present | | | | | Wei et al., 1991; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Henan | Present | | | | | Wei et al., 1991; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Jiangsu | Present | | | | | Xue et al., 1987; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Jilin | Present | | | | | Wei et al., 1991; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Liaoning | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Shaanxi | Present | | | | | Wu et al., 2008 | |
| -Shandong | Present | | | | | Li et al., 1995; Wei et al., 1991; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Shanxi | Present | | | | | Gu et al., 2008 | |
| -Tianjin | Present | | | | | Li et al., 2004 | |
| -Xinjiang | Present | | | | | Zheng et al., 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| India | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Maharashtra | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Tamil Nadu | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Uttar Pradesh | Present | | | | | Singh et al., 1991; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Indonesia | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Java | Present | | | | | Somowiyarjo, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Iran | Present | | | | | Purcifull et al., 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003; Hajizadeh & Mohammadi, 2016 | |
| Iraq | Present | | | | | Shawkat & Fegla, 1979; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Israel | Present | | | | | Purcifull et al., 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Japan | Present | | | | | Purcifull et al., 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Hokkaido | Present | | | | | Yoshida et al., 1980; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Honshu | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Kyushu | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Shikoku | Present | | | | | Iwasaki & Inaba, 1988; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Jordan | Present | | | | | Al-Musa et al., 1982; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Kazakhstan | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Korea, Republic of | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Kuwait | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Lebanon | Present | | | | | Katul & Makkouk, 1987; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Oman | Present | | | | | Zouba et al., 1997; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Pakistan | Present | | | | | Ali et al., 2004 | |
| Philippines | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Saudi Arabia | Present | | | | | Al-Saleh & Al-Shahwan, 1997; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Syria | Present | | | | | Katul & Makkouk, 1987; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Taiwan | Present | | | | | Hseu et al., 1987; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Turkey | Present | | | | | Nogay & Yorganci, 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003; Kamberoglu et al., 2015 | |
| Yemen | Present | | | | | Walkey et al., 1990; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
AFRICA |
| Egypt | Present | | | | | Ahmed et al., 1990; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Kenya | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Libya | Present | | | | | Svoboda et al., 2015 | |
| Mauritius | Present | | | | | Gungoosingh-Bunwaree 2001/2002 | |
| Morocco | Widespread | | | | | Fischer & Lockhart, 1974; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| South Africa | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Sudan | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Tunisia | Present | | | | | Mnari-Hattab et al., 2008 | |
NORTH AMERICA |
| Canada | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Ontario | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Mexico | Present | | | | | Purcifull et al., 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| USA | Present | | | | | Purcifull et al., 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Alabama | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Arizona | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Arkansas | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -California | Present | | | | | Dodds et al., 1984; Grafton-Cardwell et al., 1996; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Connecticut | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Delaware | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Florida | Present | | | | | Adlerz, 1978; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Georgia | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Hawaii | Present | | | | | Ullman et al., 1991; CABI/EPPO, 2003; Watanabe et al., 2016 | |
| -Illinois | Present | | | | | Jossey & Babadoost, 2008 | |
| -Indiana | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Kansas | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Kentucky | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003; Vincelli & Seebold, 2009 | |
| -Louisiana | Present | | | | | Fernandes et al., 1991; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Maine | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Massachusetts | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Michigan | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Minnesota | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Mississippi | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Missouri | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -New Hampshire | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -New Jersey | Present | | | | | Davis & Mizuki, 1987; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -New York | Present | | | | | Munger, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -North Carolina | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Ohio | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Oklahoma | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Oregon | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Pennsylvania | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -South Carolina | Present | | | | | Sammons et al., 1989; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Tennessee | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Texas | Present | | | | | Chala et al., 1987; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Utah | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Vermont | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Virginia | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Washington | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Wisconsin | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN |
| Costa Rica | Present | | | | | Rivera et al., 1993; Sanchez et al., 1998; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Cuba | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Guadeloupe | Present | | | | | Quiot et al., 1971; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Honduras | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Jamaica | Present | | | | | Schotman, 1989; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Martinique | Present | | | | | Quiot et al., 1971; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
SOUTH AMERICA |
| Argentina | Present | | | | | Hernandez et al., 2000; CABI/EPPO, 2003; Note: Tucuman Province | |
| Brazil | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Ceara | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003; Lima & Vieire, 1992 | |
| -Maranhao | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Minas Gerais | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Roraima | Present | | | | | Halfeld-Vieira et al., 2004 | |
| -Sao Paulo | Present | | | | | Yuki et al., 2000; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Chile | Widespread | | | | | Purcifull et al., 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Suriname | Present | | | | | Schotman, 1989; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Venezuela | Present | | | | | Purcifull et al., 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003; Gustavo et al., 2013 | |
EUROPE |
| Bosnia-Hercegovina | Present | | | | | Trkulja et al., 2014a; Trkulja et al., 2014b | |
| Bulgaria | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Cyprus | Present | | | | | Papayiannis et al., 2005 | |
| Czech Republic | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Czechoslovakia (former) | Present | | | | | Purcifull et al., 1984 | |
| France | Present | | | | | Purcifull et al., 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Germany | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Greece | Present | | | | | Avgelis, 1983; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Hungary | Present | | | | | Purcifull et al., 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Italy | Present | | | | | Rubies-Autonell et al., 1996; Lisa et al., 1997; Purcifull et al., 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Sicily | Present | | | | | Spanò et al., 2012 | |
| Poland | Present | | | | | Borodynko et al., 2009 | |
| Russian Federation | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Russian Far East | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Serbia | Present | | | | | Tosic et al., 1996 | |
| Slovenia | Present | | | | | Vozelj et al., 2003 | |
| Spain | Present | | | | | Alonso-Prados et al., 1997; Luis-Arteaga et al., 1998; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Ukraine | Present | | | | | Rudneva et al., 2006 | |
| Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) | Present | | | | | Purcifull et al., 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
OCEANIA |
| Australia | Present | | | | | Purcifull et al., 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Queensland | Present | | | | | Greber, 1978; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| -Western Australia | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Cook Islands | Present | | | | | Mossop & Fry, 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Fiji | Present | | | | | Mossop & Fry, 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| French Polynesia | Present | | | | | Grisoni et al., 2004 | |
| Kiribati | Present | | | | | Mossop & Fry, 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Micronesia, Federated states of | Present | | | | | CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| New Zealand | Present | | | | | Fletcher et al., 2000; Purcifull et al., 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Samoa | Present | | | | | Mossop & Fry, 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Solomon Islands | Present | | | | | Brunt, 1987; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
| Tonga | Present | | | | | Mossop & Fry, 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2003 | |
Growth Stages
Top of pageFruiting stage, Vegetative growing stage
List of Symptoms
Top of page| Sign | Life Stages | Type | Fruit |
| abnormal shape | | |
| internal feeding | | |
| lesions: black or brown | | |
Leaves |
| abnormal forms | | |
| abnormal patterns | | |
Plant Trade
Top of page| Plant parts liable to carry the pest in trade/transport | Pest stages | Borne internally | Borne externally | Visibility of pest or symptoms | | Flowers, Inflorescences, Cones, Calyx | | Yes | | Pest or symptoms usually visible to the naked eye |
| Fruits (inc. pods) | | Yes | | Pest or symptoms usually visible to the naked eye |
| Leaves | | Yes | | Pest or symptoms usually visible to the naked eye |
| Stems (above ground), Shoots, Trunks, Branches | | Yes | | Pest or symptoms usually invisible |
| Plant parts not known to carry the pest in trade/transport | | Bark |
| Growing medium accompanying plants |
| True seeds (inc. grain) |
| Wood |
References
Top of pageAbo-Elyazid EB, Abo-Sedera FA, Shafshak Nadia S, 1990. Effect of planting date and fertilization level on: II. The incidence of watermelon mosaic virus 2 (WMV-2) and its effect on vegetative growth and chemical composition of squash plants. Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor, 28(4):2167-2186
Abu-Samah N, 1985. Relationship between watermelon mosaic virus (WMV-1) and watermelon mosaic virus 2 (WMV-2) on the basis of nucleotide sequence homology. Pertanika, 8(2):281-287
Adlerz WC, 1978. Watermelon mosaic virus 2 epidemics in Florida 1967-1977. Journal of Economic Entomology, 71(4):596-597
Ahmed KGM, Abo-Elyazid EB, Madhy AMM, 1990. Identification of a strain of watermelon mosaic virus 2 (WMV-2) isolated from naturally infected squash (Cucurbita pepo, L.) plants grown in Kalubia Governorate, A. R. E. Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor, 28(4):2219-2230
Akanda AM, Tsuno K, Wakimoto S, 1991. Serological detection of four plant viruses in cucurbitaceous crops from Bangladesh. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 57(4):499-505
Ali A, Natsuaki T, Okuda S, 2004. Identification and molecular characterization of viruses infecting cucurbits in Pakistan. Journal of Phytopathology, 152(11/12):677-682. http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/jph
Al-Musa A, Mansour A, 1982. Some properties of a watermelon mosaic virus in Jordan. Plant Disease, 66(4):330-331
Alonso-Prados JL, Fraile A, Garcfa-Arenal F, 1997. Impact of cucumber mosaic virus and watermelon mosaic virus 2 infection on melon production in central Spain. Journal of Plant Pathology, 79(2):131-134; 11 ref.
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Avgelis AD, 1983. Occurrence of watermelon mosaic virus 1 and 2 in cucurbits in Crete (Greece). Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 22(3):219-221
Borodynko N, Hasiów-Jaroszewska B, Rymelska N, Pospieszny H, 2009. Watermelon mosaic virus reported for the first time in Poland. Plant Pathology, 58(4):783. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/ppa
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Chala VH, Harrison CW, Halliwell RS, 1987. Identification of two distinct strains of watermelon mosaic virus 2 affecting cucurbits in Texas. Plant Disease, 71(8):750-752
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Dodds JA, Lee JG, Nameth ST, Lpmmlen FF, 1984. Aphid- and whitefly-transmitted cucurbit viruses in Imperial County, California. Phytopathology, 74(2):221-225
Espinoza HR, McLeod PJ, 1994. Use of row cover in cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) to delay infection of aphid-transmitted viruses in Honduras. Turrialba, 44(3):179-183
Fegla GI, Badr HM, 1979. Effect of plant population on the incidence of mosaic diseases and productivity of vegetable marrow (Cucurbita pepo, L.). Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research, 27(4):259-265
Fernandes FF, Valverde RA, Black LL, 1991. Viruses infecting cucurbit crops in Louisiana. Plant Disease, 75(4):431
Fischer HU, Lockhart BEL, 1974. Serious losses in cucubits caused by watermelon mosaic virus in Morocco. Plant Disease Reporter, 58(2):143-146
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Gilbert RZ, Kyle MM, Munger HM, Gray SM, 1994. Inheritance of resistance to watermelon mosaic virus in Cucumis melo L. HortScience, 29(2):107-110
Gilbert-Albertini F, Lecoq H, Pitrat M, Nicolet JL, 1993. Resistance of Cucurbita moschata to watermelon mosaic virus type 2 and its genetic relation to resistance to zucchini yellow mosaic virus. Euphytica, 69(3):231-237; 20 ref.
Gillaspie AG Jr, Wright JM, 1993. Evaluation of Citrullus sp. germ plasm for resistance to watermelon mosaic virus 2. Plant Disease, 77(4):352-354
Giunchedi L, Vicchi V, Gambin E, Baroncelli L, Fini P, 1991. The effect of various plastic mulching films on the prevention of aphid-transmitted viruses in zucchini. Informatore Fitopatologico, 41(12):57-61
Grafton-Cardwell EE, Perring TM, Smith RF, Valencia J, Farrar CA, 1996. Occurrence of mosaic viruses in melons in the Central Valley of California. Plant Disease, 80(10):1092-1097; 36 ref.
Graves Gillaspie AJr, Jarret RL, 1997. Watermelon mosaic virus resistant watermelon breeding lines WM-1, WM-2, WM-3, and WM-4. HortScience, 32(6):1136-1136; 4 ref.
Gray SM, Moyer JW, Kennedy GG, Campbell CL, 1986. Virus-suppression and aphid resistance effects on spatial and temporal spread of watermelon mosaic virus 2. Phytopathology, 76(11):1254-1259
Greber RS, 1978. Watermelon mosaic virus 1 and 2 in Queensland cucurbit crops. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 29(6):1235-1245
Grisoni M, Davidson F, Hyrondelle C, Farreyrol K, Caruana ML, Pearson M, 2004. Nature, incidence, and symptomatology of viruses infecting Vanilla tahitensis in French Polynesia. Plant Disease, 88(2):119-124.
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Gungoosingh-Bunwaree A, 2001/2002. Status of major viruses affecting cucurbitaceous crops in Mauritius. Revue Agricole et Sucrière de l'Île Maurice, 80/81(3-1/3):98-103.
Gustavo R, Lecoq H, Desbiez C, 2013. First report of watermelon mosaic virus naturally infecting Cucumis anguria. Plant Disease, 97(11):1515. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis
Hajizadeh M, Mohammadi K, 2016. Capsicum annum, a new host of watermelon mosaic virus. VirusDisease, 27(1):107-109. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13337-016-0302-3
Halfeld-Vieira BA, Ramos NF, Rabelo Filho FAC, Gonçalves MFB, Nechet KL, Pereira PRVS, Lima JAA, 2004. Serological identification of virus species in watermelon in the state of Roraima. (Identificação sorológica de espécies de potyvirus em melancia, no estado de Roraima.) Fitopatologia Brasileira, 29(6):687-689. http://www.scielo.br/pdf/fb/v29n6/a18v29n6.pdf
Hernßndez JR, Ramallo JC, Weht S, 2000. Watermelon mosaic-2 potyvirus on winter squash in Tucuman, Argentina. Fitopatologi^acute~a, 35(2):91-97; 9 ref.
Herrington ME, Prytz S, Brown P, Persley DM, Greber R, 1991. Resistance to papaya ringspot virus-W, zucchini yellow mosaic virus, and watermelon mosaic virus-2 in C. maxima. Report - Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative, No. 14:123-124
Horvath J, 1979. New artificial hosts and non-hosts of plant viruses and their role in the identification and separation of viruses IX. Potyvirus group (subdivision-III): potato virus Y, turnip mosaic virus and watermelon mosaic virus (strain 2 or general strain). Acta Phytopathologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricp, 14(1/2):157-173
Hseu SH, Huang CH, Chang CA, Yang WZ, Chang YM, Hsiao CH, 1987. The occurrence of five viruses in six cucurbits in Taiwan. Plant Protection Bulletin, Taiwan, 29(3):233-244
Huang CH, Liang SC, Deng TC, Hseu SH, 1993. Comparison of diagnostic hosts and serological tests for four cucurbit potyviruses. Plant Pathology Bulletin, 2(3):169-176
Huttner E, Tucker W, Vermeulen A, Ignart F, Sawyer B, Birch R, 1999. Ribozyme genes protecting transgenic melon plants against potyviruses. In: Rossi JJ, Couture LA, eds. Intracellular Ribozyme Applications: Principles and Protocols. Wymondham, UK: Horizon Scientific Press, 271-283.
Iwasaki M, Inaba T, 1988. Viral wilt of cucumber plants grafted on squash rootstocks. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 54(5):584-592
Jayaram C, Hill JH, Miller WA, 1991. Nucleotide sequences of the coat protein genes of two aphid-transmissible strains of soybean mosaic virus. Journal of General Virology, 72(4):1001-1003
Jossey S, Babadoost M, 2008. Occurrence and distribution of pumpkin and squash viruses in Illinois. Plant Disease, 92(1):61-68. HTTP://www.apsnet.org
Kamberoglu MA, Desbiez C, Caliskan AF, 2015. Characterization of an emerging isolate of watermelon mosaic virus in Turkey. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 17(1):211-215. http://www.fspublishers.org/published_papers/73262_..pdf
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Distribution Maps
Top of page
- = Present, no further details
- = Evidence of pathogen
- = Widespread
- = Last reported
- = Localised
- = Presence unconfirmed
- = Confined and subject to quarantine
- = See regional map for distribution within the country
- = Occasional or few reports