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Datasheet

Tobacco etch virus (tobacco etch)

Summary

  • Last modified
  • 25 November 2015
  • Datasheet Type(s)
  • Pest
  • Natural Enemy
  • Preferred Scientific Name
  • Tobacco etch virus
  • Preferred Common Name
  • tobacco etch
  • Taxonomic Tree
  • Domain: Virus
  •     Group: "Positive sense ssRNA viruses"
  •         Group: "RNA viruses"
  •             Family: Potyviridae
  •                 Genus: Potyvirus

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Pictures

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PictureTitleCaptionCopyright
Capsicum annuum leaves showing dark green mosaic areas associated with veins.
TitleSymptoms on Capsicum annuum leaves
CaptionCapsicum annuum leaves showing dark green mosaic areas associated with veins.
CopyrightThomas A. Zitter/Cornell University
Capsicum annuum leaves showing dark green mosaic areas associated with veins.
Symptoms on Capsicum annuum leavesCapsicum annuum leaves showing dark green mosaic areas associated with veins.Thomas A. Zitter/Cornell University

Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

  • Tobacco etch virus

Preferred Common Name

  • tobacco etch

Other Scientific Names

  • Datura Z potyvirus
  • tobacco etch potyvirus
  • tobacco severe etch potyvirus
  • tomato etch potyvirus
  • tomato etch virus

International Common Names

  • Spanish: grabado del tabaco

English acronym

  • TEV

EPPO code

  • TEV000 (Tobacco etch potyvirus)

Taxonomic Tree

Top of page
  • Domain: Virus
  •     Group: "Positive sense ssRNA viruses"
  •         Group: "RNA viruses"
  •             Family: Potyviridae
  •                 Genus: Potyvirus
  •                     Species: Tobacco etch virus

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

CountryDistributionLast ReportedOriginFirst ReportedInvasiveReferencesNotes

ASIA

ChinaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; An et al., 2001
-FujianPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Shangguan et al., 2006
-GuangxiPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Cai et al., 2009
-ShaanxiPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Qi et al., 2008
-ShandongPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010
-SichuanPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010
-YunnanPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010
IndiaRestricted distributionCABI/EPPO, 2010
-KarnatakaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Bidari & Reddy, 1991; Bidari & Reddy, 1990
SingaporePresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; AVA, 2001
TurkeyPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010

AFRICA

NigeriaPresentAlegbego & Egwemi, 1999
SudanPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010
TunisiaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Ben-Moussa et al., 2000

NORTH AMERICA

CanadaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010
-OntarioPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Stover, 1951b; McKeen, 1954; MacNeill, 1955
-QuebecPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Lana & Peterson, 1980
MexicoPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Delgado-Sanchez, 1974; Martinez-Ramirez, 1990; Dufresne et al., 1999; Torre-Almaraz et al., 1998
USAPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010
-AlabamaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Greenleaf, 1953; Sikora et al., 1998
-ArizonaPresentNelson & Wheeler, 1978
-CaliforniaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Laird & Dickson, 1963; Makkouk & Gumpf, 1974; Abdalla et al., 1991
-ConnecticutPresent, few occurrencesCABI/EPPO, 2010
-DelawarePresentCABI/EPPO, 2010
-FloridaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Zitter & Tsai, 1981; McGovern et al., 1994; Anderson & Corbett, 1957
-GeorgiaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Demski, 1979; Lane et al., 1997; Johnson, 1930
-HawaiiPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Milbrath & Cook, 1971
-IdahoPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010
-IllinoisPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Weinbaum & Milbrath, 1976
-KentuckyPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Pirone & Nesmith, 1994; Johnson, 1930
-LouisianaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Black, 1980; Horn & Sinclair, 1959
-MarylandPresentDoolittle, 1946
-MassachusettsPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010
-MichiganPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010
-MinnesotaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010
-New JerseyPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; STEEPY et al., 1967; Doolittle, 1946
-New YorkPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Blakeslee, 1921
-North CarolinaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Gooding, 1970; Eckel & Lampert, 1993b; Steepy & Averre, 1971
-OhioPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Doolittle & Alexander, 1951; Johnson, 1930; Doolittle, 1946
-PennsylvaniaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010
-South CarolinaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010
-TennesseePresentCABI/EPPO, 2010
-TexasPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; McLean, 1962
-VermontPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010
-VirginiaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010
-WisconsinPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010

CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN

CubaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Gonzalez et al., 1981; Castro et al., 1992; Depestre et al., 1993; Espinosa et al., 1997
El SalvadorPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Granillo et al., 1974
GuatemalaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010
JamaicaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Lawrence et al., 2000
Puerto RicoPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Perez et al., 1974
Trinidad and TobagoPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Rampersad, 2006

SOUTH AMERICA

VenezuelaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Herold, 1970; Debrot, 1974; Debrot, 1976

EUROPE

CyprusPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Anon., 1979
FrancePresentCABI/EPPO, 2010
HungaryPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Pocsai & Horvath, 1997
Russian FederationRestricted distributionCABI/EPPO, 2010
-Russian Far EastPresentCABI/EPPO, 2010; Gnutova et al., 2002
SpainPresentVelesco-Velesco et al., 2001

Host plants/Plants Affected

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Plant nameFamilyContext
Capsicum annuum (bell pepper)SolanaceaeMain
Chenopodium album (fat hen)ChenopodiaceaeWild host
Cirsium vulgare (spear thistle)AsteraceaeWild host
Datura stramonium (jimsonweed)SolanaceaeWild host
Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)SolanaceaeMain
Senna obtusifolia (sicklepod)FabaceaeWild host
Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)SolanaceaeMain
Solanum seaforthianum (Brazilian nightshade)SolanaceaeWild host
Solanum viarum (tropical soda apple)SolanaceaeWild host

Growth Stages

Top of pageFlowering stage, Fruiting stage, Seedling stage, Vegetative growing stage

List of Symptoms

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SignLife StagesType

Fruit

abnormal shape
internal feeding

Leaves

abnormal forms
abnormal patterns
necrotic areas
wilting

Whole plant

dwarfing

Plant Trade

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Plant parts liable to carry the pest in trade/transportPest stagesBorne internallyBorne externallyVisibility of pest or symptoms
Flowers, Inflorescences, Cones, CalyxYesPest or symptoms usually invisible
Fruits (inc. pods)YesPest or symptoms usually invisible
LeavesYesPest or symptoms usually visible to the naked eye
RootsYesPest or symptoms usually invisible
Seedlings, Micropropagated plantsYesPest or symptoms usually visible to the naked eye
Stems (above ground), Shoots, Trunks, BranchesYesPest or symptoms usually invisible
Plant parts not known to carry the pest in trade/transport
Bark
Bulbs, Tubers, Corms, Rhizomes
Growing medium accompanying plants
True seeds (inc. grain)
Wood

Vectors and Intermediate Hosts

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Vector Source Reference Group Distribution
Aphis fabae Kennedy et al. 1962 Insect
Aphis gossypii Kennedy et al. 1962 Insect
Aphis nasturtii Kennedy et al. 1962 Insect
Aulacorthum circumflexum Kennedy et al. 1962 Insect
Macrosiphum euphorbiae Kennedy et al. 1962 Insect
Myzus nicotianae Lampert et al. 1990 Insect
Myzus persicae Kennedy et al. 1962 Insect

References

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1979. Annual Report of the Cyprus Agricultural Research Institute for 1978. Annual Report of the Cyprus Agricultural Research Institute for 1978. Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Nicosia Cyprus, 121 pp.

Abdalla OA, Desjardins PR, Dodds JA, 1991. Identification, disease incidence, and distribution of viruses infecting peppers in California. Plant Disease, 75(10):1019-1023

Alegbejo MD, Egwemi J, 1999. Performance of some pepper selections screened for resistance to the potyviruses that commonly infect peppers. Capsicum & Eggplant Newsletter, No. 18:56-59; 1 ref.

Ammar ED, Jarlfors U, Pirone TP, 1994. Association of potyvirus helper component protein with virions and the cuticle lining the maxillary food canal and foregut of an aphid vector. Phytopathology, 84(10):1054-1060

An DR, Zhang MR, Wei NS, Cheng JL, Ma CD, 2001. Main factors and the model for forecasting of tobacco viral diseases transmitted by aphids. Acta Phytophylacica Sinica, 28(3):245-249.

Anderson CW, 1954. Cassia tora, a leguminous host of tobacco etch virus. Plant Disease Reporter, 38:736-738.

Anderson CW, Corbett MK, 1957. Virus diseases of peppers in central Florida. Survey results in 1955. Plant Disease Reporter, 41:143-147.

AVA, 2001. Diagnostic records of the Plant Health Diagnostic Services, Plant Health Centre, Agri-food & Veterinary Authority, Singapore.

Ben Moussa A, Makni M, Marrakchi M, 2000. Identification of the principal viruses infecting tomato crops in Tunisia. Bulletin OEPP, 30(2):293-296; 22 ref.

Bidari VB, Reddy HR, 1990. Identification of naturally occurring viruses on commercial cultivars of chilli. Mysore Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 24(1):45-51

Bidari VB, Reddy HR, 1991. Incidence of chilli mosaic and its distribution in the commercial fields of Karnataka. Journal of Plantation Crops, 19(1):21-25

Black LL, 1980. 'Aluminum' mulch: less virus disease, higher vegetable yields. Louisiana Agriculture, 23(3):16-18

Blakeslee AF, 1921. A graft-infectious disease of Datura resembling a vegetative mutation. Journal of Genetics, 11:17-36.

CABI/EPPO, 2010. Tobacco etch virus. [Distribution map]. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, No.October. Wallingford, UK: CABI, Map 1094 (Edition 1).

Cai JianHe, Zhou XingHua, Huang FuXin, Qin BiXia, Wei XuePing, Lin BeiSen, Chen YongHui, 2009. Incidence related factors and integrated control of tobacco virus diseases in Guangxi. Guangxi Agricultural Sciences, 40(2):159-163. http://www.gxaas.net

Campodonico OP, Montelongo SQ, 1988. Hot pepper virus disease in the Gulf of Mexico. Capsicum Newsletter, No. 7:67

Castro M, Rodriguez D, Alonso X, 1992. The use of different methods to diagnose three potyviruses in sweet pepper crop. Proteccion de Plantas, 2(1):51-58

Christie RG, Edwardson JR, 1977. Light and Electron Microscopy of Plant Virus Inclusions. Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations Monograph Series, 9:150 pp.

Christie RG, Edwardson JR, 1992. Biological variants of tobacco etch virus that induce morphologically distinct nuclear inclusions. Archives of Virology Vienna, Austria; Springer-Verlag/Wien, Supplementum 5:223-227

Christie SR, Crawford WE, 1978. Plant virus range of Nicotiana benthamiana. Plant Disease Reporter, 62(1):20-22

Christie SR, Purcifull DE, Dean CE, 1974. Resistance in V 20 tobacco to tobacco etch virus. Plant Disease Reporter, 58:658-659.

Cook AA, Ozaki HY, Zitter TA, Blazquez CH, 1976. Florida VR-2, a bell pepper with resistances to three virus diseases. Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Circular S-242.

Debrot C EA, 1974. Cassia tora L., a natural host of the tobacco etch virus in Venezuela. Agronomia Tropical, 24(1):21-26

Debrot EA, 1976. Studies on tobacco etch virus in tomato plantations in Venezuela. Agronomia Tropical, 26(4):321-335

Delgado Sanchez S, 1974. Viruses attacking capsicum crops in Mexico; their implications, identification, transmission and control measures. Agricultura Tecnica en Mexico, 3(9):317-325

Demski JW, 1979. The epidemiology of tobacco etch virus-infected Cassia obtusifolia in relation to pepper. Plant Disease Reporter, 63(8):647-650

Depestre T, Palloix A, Camino V, Selassie KG, 1993. Identification of virus isolates and of tobacco etch virus (TEV) pathotypes infecting green pepper in Caujeri valley (Guantanamo, Cuba). Capsicum & Eggplant Newsletter, No. 12:73-74

Doolittle SP, 1946. Occurrence of a strain of tobacco-etch virus on sweet peppers in the field. Phytopathology, 36:685.

Doolittle SP, Alexander LJ, 1951. Occurrence of tobacco etch virus on greenhouse tomatoes in Ohio. Plant Disease Reporter, 35:351-353.

Dufresne DJ, Valverde RA, Hobbs HA, 1999. Effect of coinfections of Andean potato mottle comovirus with two potyviruses in seven Capsicum genotypes. Revista Mexicana de Fitopatologi^acute~a, 17(1):17-22; 18 ref.

Eckel RVW, Lampert EP, 1993. Effect of tobacco etch virus on the seasonal growth of flue-cured tobacco. Crop Protection, 12(7):505-512

Eckel RVW, Lampert EP, 1993. Relative transmissibility of two strains of tobacco etch virus by Myzus nicotianae Blackman (Homoptera: Aphididae). Journal of Agricultural Entomology, 10(2):139-143

Eckel RVW, Lampert EP, 1993. Spatial and temporal analysis of tobacco etch virus distribution and its relationship to aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) vectors in flue-cured tobacco. Journal of Economic Entomology, 86(5):1534-1545

Edwardson JR, 1974. Some properties of the potato virus Y-group. Monograph Series, Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations, 4:398 pp.

Edwardson JR, Christie RG, 1979. Light microscopy of inclusions induced by viruses infecting peppers (Capsicum annuum). Fitopatologia Brasileira, 4(3):341-373

Edwardson JR, Christie RG, 1991. CRC handbook of viruses affecting legumes. Boca Raton, Florida, USA; CRC Press Inc., 505 pp.

Edwardson JR, Christie RG, 1996. Cylindrical inclusions. Bulletin - Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Florida, No. 894:iv + 79 pp.; 638 ref.

Espinosa J, Castro M, Calzada V, Dfaz P, Yaber E, 1997. Determination of the resistance of pepper (Capsicum annuum) to tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV). Agrotecnia de Cuba, 27(1):30-33; 11 ref.

Fellers JP, Collins GB, Hunt AG, 1998. The NIa-proteinase of different plant potyviruses provides specific resistance to viral infection. Crop Science, 38(5):1309-1319; 30 ref.

Fischer DB, Rufty RC, 1993. Inheritance of partial resistance to tobacco etch virus and tobacco vein mottling virus in burley tobacco cultivar Sota 6505. Plant Disease, 77(7):662-666

Gnutova RV, Tolkac VF, Gnutova IV, Spaar D, 2002. Viruses on vegetable cultures in the south of the Russian Far East Region. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 35(1):7-21; 4 ref.

Gonzalez A G, Zamora CN, Tsyplenkov A, 1981. Incidence and distribution of virus diseases of tomato in Havana province. Ciencia y Tecnia en la Agricultura, Proteccion de Plantas, 4(1):25-37

Gooding GV Jr, 1970. Effect of tobacco etch virus on yield and quality of some varieties of flue-cured tobacco. Plant Disease Reporter, 54:119-121.

Govier DA, Kassanis B, 1974. A virus-induced component of plant sap needed when aphids acquire potato virus Y from purified preparations. Virology, 61(2):420-426

Granillo CR, Anaya M, Diaz A, 1974. Virus diseases of sweet pepper in El Salvador. Phytopathology, 64(6):768

Greenleaf WH, 1953. Effects of tobacco-etch virus on peppers (Capsicum sp.). Phytopathology, 43:564-570.

Herold F, 1970. Tobacco etch virus in Venezuela. Plant Disease Reporter, 54:344-345.

Horn NL, Sinclair JB, 1959. Tabasco pepper wilt in Louisiana. Louisiana Academy of Science Proceedings, 22:43-63.

Johnson EM, 1930. Virus diseases of tobacco in Kentucky. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Research Bulletin 306.

Kassanis B, 1939. Intranuclear inclusions in virus infected plants. Annals of Applied Biology, 26:705-709.

Kemp WG, 1978. Mulches protect peppers from viruses. Canada Agriculture, 23(2):22-24

Kennedy JS, Day MF, Eastop VF, 1962. A Conspectus of Aphids as Vectors of Plant Viruses. Wallingford, UK: CAB INTERNATIONAL.

Laird EF Jr, Dickson RC, 1963. Tobacco etch virus and potato virus Y in pepper, their host plants and insect vectors in southern California. Phytopathology, 53:48-52.

Lampert EP, Smith HA, Gooding GV Jr, 1990. Transmission of potato virus Y and tobacco etch virus by red and green color forms of Myzus nicotianp Blackman. Tobacco International, 192(1):41-43

Lana AF, Peterson JF, 1980. Identification and prevalence of pepper viruses in southern Quebec. Phytoprotection, 61(1):13-18

Lane RP, McCarter SM, Kuhn CW, Deom CM, 1997. 'Dempsey', a virus- and bacterial spot-resistant bell pepper. HortScience, 32(2):333-334; 6 ref.

Lastra JR, Uzcategui RCDe, 1975. Viruses affecting tomatoes in Venezuela. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift, 84(3):253-258

Lawrence JL, Edwards CA, Schroeder M, Martin RD, McDonald FD, Gold-Smith J, 2000. An integrated approach for managing hot pepper pests in the Caribbean. The BCPC Conference: Pests and diseases, Volume 1. Proceedings of an international conference held at the Brighton Hilton Metropole Hotel, Brighton, UK, 13-16 November 2000, 239-244; 4 ref.

MacNeill BH, 1955. Some viruses of the field tomato in Ontario. Plant Disease Reporter, 39:191-193.

Makkouk KM, Gumpf DJ, 1974. Further identification of naturally occurring virus diseases of pepper in California. Plant Disease Reporter, 58(11):1002-1006

Martinez-Ramirez JL, 1990. Integrated pest management of tomato viruses. Revista Mexicana de Fitopatologia, 8:132-134.

McGovern RJ, Polston JE, Mullahey JJ, 1994. Solanum viarum: weed reservoir of plant viruses in Florida. International Journal of Pest Management, 40(3):270-273

McKeen CD, 1954. Tobacco etch in peppers in southern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Botany, 32:95-100.

McLean DM, 1962. Tobacco-etch virus on peppers and tomatoes in the Lower Rio Grande valley of Texas. Plant Disease Reporter, 46:565-568.

Milbrath GM, Cook AA, 1971. Virus diseases of pepper (Capsicum sp.) in Hawaii. Plant Disease Reporter, 55:783-785.

Nagai H, Smith PG, 1968. Reaction of pepper varieties to naturally occurring viruses in California. Plant Disease Reporter, 52:928-930.

Nelson MR, Wheeler RE, 1978. Biological and serological characterization and separation of potyviruses that infect peppers. Phytopathology, 68(7):979-984

Nielsen MT, Kennedy BS, 1994. Registration of 'KY 907' burley tobacco. Crop Science, 34(5):1410.

Perez JE, Irizarry H, Cortes-Monlorr A, 1974. Present status of virus infections of peppers in Puerto Rico. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico, 58(1):137-139

Pirone TP, 1979. Comparative aphid transmission properties of isolates of tobacco etch virus. (Abstr.) Phytopathology, 69:531.

Pirone TP, Nesmith WC, 1994. Survey of Kentucky for potato virus Y strain N and other potyviruses in tobacco. Plant Disease, 78(7):754

Pocsai E, Horvath J, 1997. The occurrence of plant viruses in waters of the Hungarian rivers and lakes. Novenyvedelem, 33(2):69-76.

Purcifull DE, Hiebert E, 1982. Tobacco etch virus. CMI/AAB Descriptions of Plant Viruses, No. 258 (no. 55 revised). Wellesbourne, UK: Association of Applied Biologists, 7 pp.

Qi JuLong, Chen MingShan, Zhang YongFeng, 2008. Identification of tobacco viruses in Luonan County of Shaanxi Province. Acta Tobacaria Sinica, 14(4):52-54.

Rampersad SN, 2006. Relative distribution and incidence of viruses associated with disease outbreaks in tomato fields in Trinidad. Plant Health Progress, March:1-10. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/sub/php/research/2006/pymtv/

Shangguan KePan, Lin XiangYong, Zeng WenLong, Wang Xi, 2006. Main flue-cured tobacco diseases and their control in west region of Fujian. Chinese Tobacco Science, No.1:20-23.

Shepherd RJ, Purcifull DE, 1971. Tobacco etch virus. CMI/AAB Descriptions of Plant Viruses, No. 55. Wellesbourne, UK: Association of Applied Biologists, 4 pp.

Sikora EJ, Gudauskas RT, Murphy JF, Porch DW, Andrianifahanana M, Zehnder GW, Bauske EM, Kemble JM, Lester DF, 1998. A multivirus epidemic of tomatoes in Alabama. Plant Disease, 82(1):117-120; 14 ref.

Simons JN, 1976. Aphid transmission of a nonaphid-transmissible strain of tobacco etch virus. Phytopathology, 66(5):652-654

Simons JN, McLean DL, Kinsey MG, 1977. Effects of mineral oil on probing behavior and transmission of stylet-borne viruses by Myzus persicae. Journal of Economic Entomology, 70(3):309-315

Sowell G Jr, Demski JW, 1977. Resistance of plant introductions of pepper to tobacco etch virus. Plant Disease Reporter, 61(2):146-148

Steepy TL, Averre CW, 1971. Prevalence of pepper viruses in North Carolina. Plant Disease Reporter, 55:751.

STEEPY TL, LEWIS GD, VARNEY EH, 1967. Identification of the viruses affecting commercial varieties of pepper (Capsicum annuum) in New Jersey. Plant Disease Reporter, 51:709-11.

Stover RH, 1951. Association in tobacco of the severe symptom response to etch virus and the White Burley character. Phytopathology, 41:1125-1126.

Stover RH, 1951. Tobacco etch virus in Ontario. Canadian Journal of Botany, 29:235-245.

Tanzer MM, Thompson WF, Law MD, Wernsman EA, Uknes S, 1997. Characterization of post-transcriptionally suppressed transgene expression that confers resistance to tobacco etch virus infection in tobacco. Plant Cell, 9(8):1411-1423; 58 ref.

Torre-Almaraz R de la, Telez-Ortiz D, Cardenas-Soriano E, Barron-Rodriguez BL, Garcia-Latorre E, Cardenas-Alonso M, Rivera-Bustanmete R, Valverde RA, 1998. Identification of a viral complex in tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa B.) in the Central Region of Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Fitopatologia, 16(1):1-11.

Valleau WD, 1940. Classification and nomenclature of tobacco viruses. Phytopathology, 30:820-830.

Velasco-Velasco,VA, Alcantar-Gonzalez,G, Sanchez-Garcia P, Estanol-Botello E, Zavaleta-Mejia E, Cardenas-Soriano F, Rodriguez-Montessoro R, Martinez-Garza A, 2001. Effect of N, P, and K on jalapeno pepper plants infected with tobacco etch virus. Terra, 19(2):117-125.

Villal=n B, Dainello FJ, Bender DA, 1992. 'TAM Veracruz' hot jalapeno pepper. HortScience, 27(2):184-185; 2 ref.

Villalon B, Dainello FD, Bender D, 1988. 'Rio Grande Gold' yellow wax sweet pepper. HortScience, 23(6,I):1094-1095; 2 ref.

Weinbaum Z, Milbrath GM, 1976. The isolation of tobacco etch virus from bell peppers and weeds in Southern Illinois. Plant Disease Reporter, 60(6):469-471

Zitter TA, 1971. Virus diseases of pepper in South Florida. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 84:177-183

Zitter TA, 1972. Naturally occurring pepper virus strains in south Florida. Plant Disease Reporter, 56:586-590.

Zitter TA, 1973. Further pepper virus identification and distribution studies in Florida. Plant Disease Reporter, 57(12):991-994

Zitter TA, Ozaki HY, 1973. Reaction of susceptible and tolerant pepper varieties to the pepper virus complex in South Florida. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 86:146-152

Zitter TA, Ozaki HY, 1978. Aphid-borne vegetable viruses controlled with oil sprays. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 91:287-289

Zitter TA, Tsai JH, 1981. Viruses infecting tomato in southern Florida. Plant Disease, 65(10):787-791

Distribution Maps

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Distribution map Canada: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Canada
See regional map for distribution within the countryCanada
See regional map for distribution within the countryChina: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; An et al., 2001China: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; An et al., 2001China
See regional map for distribution within the countryChina
See regional map for distribution within the countryChina
See regional map for distribution within the countryChina
See regional map for distribution within the countryChina
See regional map for distribution within the countryChina
See regional map for distribution within the countryCuba: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Gonzalez et al., 1981; Castro et al., 1992; Depestre et al., 1993; Espinosa et al., 1997Cuba: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Gonzalez et al., 1981; Castro et al., 1992; Depestre et al., 1993; Espinosa et al., 1997Cyprus: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Anon., 1979Cyprus: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Anon., 1979Spain: PresentSpain: PresentFrance: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Guatemala: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Guatemala: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Hungary: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Pocsai & Horvath, 1997India: Restricted distribution
CABI/EPPO, 2010India
See regional map for distribution within the countryJamaica: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Lawrence et al., 2000Jamaica: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Lawrence et al., 2000Mexico: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Delgado-Sanchez, 1974; Martinez-Ramirez, 1990; Dufresne et al., 1999; Torre-Almaraz et al., 1998Mexico: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Delgado-Sanchez, 1974; Martinez-Ramirez, 1990; Dufresne et al., 1999; Torre-Almaraz et al., 1998Nigeria: PresentPuerto Rico: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Perez et al., 1974Puerto Rico: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Perez et al., 1974Russian Federation: Restricted distribution
CABI/EPPO, 2010Russian Federation: Restricted distribution
CABI/EPPO, 2010Russian Federation
See regional map for distribution within the countrySudan: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Singapore: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; AVA, 2001El Salvador: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Granillo et al., 1974El Salvador: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Granillo et al., 1974Tunisia: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Ben-Moussa et al., 2000Tunisia: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Ben-Moussa et al., 2000Turkey: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Turkey: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Turkey: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Trinidad and Tobago: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Rampersad, 2006Trinidad and Tobago: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Rampersad, 2006USA: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010USA: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010USA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryVenezuela: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Herold, 1970; Debrot, 1974; Debrot, 1976Venezuela: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Herold, 1970; Debrot, 1974; Debrot, 1976
  • = Present, no further details
  • = Evidence of pathogen
  • = Widespread
  • = Last reported
  • = Localised
  • = Presence unconfirmed
  • = Confined and subject to quarantine
  • = See regional map for distribution within the country
  • = Occasional or few reports
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Distribution map (asia) China: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; An et al., 2001Fujian: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Shangguan et al., 2006Guangxi: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Cai et al., 2009Sichuan: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Shandong: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Shaanxi: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Qi et al., 2008Yunnan: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010India: Restricted distribution
CABI/EPPO, 2010Karnataka: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Bidari & Reddy, 1991; Bidari & Reddy, 1990Russian Federation: Restricted distribution
CABI/EPPO, 2010Singapore: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; AVA, 2001Turkey: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010
Distribution map (europe) Cyprus: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Anon., 1979Spain: PresentFrance: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Hungary: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Pocsai & Horvath, 1997Russian Federation: Restricted distribution
CABI/EPPO, 2010Russian Far East: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Gnutova et al., 2002Tunisia: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Ben-Moussa et al., 2000Turkey: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010
Distribution map (africa) Cyprus: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Anon., 1979Spain: PresentNigeria: PresentSudan: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Tunisia: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Ben-Moussa et al., 2000Turkey: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010
Distribution map (north america) Canada: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Ontario: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Stover ,1951b; McKeen, 1954; MacNeill, 1955Quebec: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Lana & Peterson, 1980Cuba: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Gonzalez et al., 1981; Castro et al., 1992; Depestre et al., 1993; Espinosa et al., 1997Guatemala: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Jamaica: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Lawrence et al., 2000Mexico: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Delgado-Sanchez, 1974; Martinez-Ramirez, 1990; Dufresne et al., 1999; Torre-Almaraz et al., 1998Puerto Rico: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Perez et al., 1974El Salvador: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Granillo et al., 1974USA: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Alabama: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Greenleaf, 1953; Sikora et al., 1998Arizona: Present
Nelson & Wheeler, 1978California: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Laird & Dickson, 1963; Makkouk & Gumpf, 1974; Abdalla et al., 1991Connecticut: Present, few occurrences
CABI/EPPO, 2010Delaware: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Florida: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Zitter & Tsai, 1981; McGovern et al., 1994; Anderson & Corbett, 1957Georgia: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Demski, 1979; Lane et al., 1997; Johnson, 1930Hawaii: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Milbrath & Cook, 1971Idaho: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Illinois: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Weinbaum & Milbrath, 1976Kentucky: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Pirone & Nesmith, 1994; Johnson, 1930Louisiana: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Black, 1980; Horn & Sinclair, 1959Massachusetts: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Maryland: Present
Doolittle, 1946Michigan: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Minnesota: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010North Carolina: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Gooding, 1970; Eckel & Lampert ,1993b; Steepy & Averre, 1971New Jersey: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; STEEPY et al., 1967; Doolittle, 1946New York: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Blakeslee, 1921Ohio: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Doolittle & Alexander, 1951; Johnson, 1930; Doolittle, 1946Pennsylvania: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010South Carolina: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Tennessee: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Texas: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; McLean, 1962Virginia: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Vermont: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Wisconsin: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010
Distribution map (central america) Cuba: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Gonzalez et al., 1981; Castro et al., 1992; Depestre et al., 1993; Espinosa et al., 1997Guatemala: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Jamaica: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Lawrence et al., 2000Mexico: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Delgado-Sanchez, 1974; Martinez-Ramirez, 1990; Dufresne et al., 1999; Torre-Almaraz et al., 1998Puerto Rico: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Perez et al., 1974El Salvador: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Granillo et al., 1974Trinidad and Tobago: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Rampersad, 2006USA: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010Florida: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Zitter & Tsai, 1981; McGovern et al., 1994; Anderson & Corbett, 1957Venezuela: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Herold, 1970; Debrot, 1974; Debrot, 1976
Distribution map (south america) Trinidad and Tobago: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Rampersad, 2006Venezuela: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; Herold, 1970; Debrot, 1974; Debrot, 1976
Distribution map (pacific) China: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2010; An et al., 2001