Cookies on Invasive Species Compendium

Like most websites we use cookies. This is to ensure that we give you the best experience possible.

Continuing to use www.cabi.org means you agree to our use of cookies. If you would like to, you can learn more about the cookies we use.

Datasheet

Selenothrips rubrocinctus (red-banded thrips)

Summary

  • Last modified
  • 01 August 2016
  • Datasheet Type(s)
  • Pest
  • Natural Enemy
  • Preferred Scientific Name
  • Selenothrips rubrocinctus
  • Preferred Common Name
  • red-banded thrips
  • Taxonomic Tree
  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Metazoa
  •         Phylum: Arthropoda
  •             Subphylum: Uniramia
  •                 Class: Insecta

Don't need the entire report?

Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need.

Generate report

Pictures

Top of page
PictureTitleCaptionCopyright
Body blackish-brown, 1.0-1.4 mm long in the female.
TitleAdult female - line drawing
CaptionBody blackish-brown, 1.0-1.4 mm long in the female.
CopyrightChen Rui-jin
Body blackish-brown, 1.0-1.4 mm long in the female.
Adult female - line drawingBody blackish-brown, 1.0-1.4 mm long in the female.Chen Rui-jin
S. rubrocinctus adult female.
TitleAdult female
CaptionS. rubrocinctus adult female.
CopyrightYu Yan-Fen
S. rubrocinctus adult female.
Adult femaleS. rubrocinctus adult female.Yu Yan-Fen
Body blackish-brown, 1.0-1.2 mm in the male.
TitleAdult male - line drawing
CaptionBody blackish-brown, 1.0-1.2 mm in the male.
CopyrightKudo Iwao
Body blackish-brown, 1.0-1.2 mm in the male.
Adult male - line drawingBody blackish-brown, 1.0-1.2 mm in the male.Kudo Iwao
S. rubrocinctus adult male.
TitleAdult male
CaptionS. rubrocinctus adult male.
CopyrightYu Yan-Fen
S. rubrocinctus adult male.
Adult maleS. rubrocinctus adult male.Yu Yan-Fen
Full grown second-instar larvae ca 1.3 mm long.
TitleSecond instar larva - line drawing
CaptionFull grown second-instar larvae ca 1.3 mm long.
CopyrightKudo Iwao
Full grown second-instar larvae ca 1.3 mm long.
Second instar larva - line drawingFull grown second-instar larvae ca 1.3 mm long.Kudo Iwao
Body yellowish with the red hypodermal pigmentation of the first, second and tenth abdominal segments.
TitleSecond instar nymph
CaptionBody yellowish with the red hypodermal pigmentation of the first, second and tenth abdominal segments.
CopyrightYu Yan-Fen
Body yellowish with the red hypodermal pigmentation of the first, second and tenth abdominal segments.
Second instar nymphBody yellowish with the red hypodermal pigmentation of the first, second and tenth abdominal segments.Yu Yan-Fen
Pseudopupa I (prepupa) - the prepupal stage lasts 1 day.
TitlePseudopupa - line drawing
CaptionPseudopupa I (prepupa) - the prepupal stage lasts 1 day.
CopyrightChen Rui-jin
Pseudopupa I (prepupa) - the prepupal stage lasts 1 day.
Pseudopupa - line drawingPseudopupa I (prepupa) - the prepupal stage lasts 1 day.Chen Rui-jin
Pseudopupa II (pupa) of S. rubrocinctus, lasts for 2-3 days.
TitlePseudopupa II - line drawing
CaptionPseudopupa II (pupa) of S. rubrocinctus, lasts for 2-3 days.
CopyrightChen Rui-jin
Pseudopupa II (pupa) of S. rubrocinctus, lasts for 2-3 days.
Pseudopupa II - line drawingPseudopupa II (pupa) of S. rubrocinctus, lasts for 2-3 days. Chen Rui-jin

Identity

Top of page

Preferred Scientific Name

  • Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard)

Preferred Common Name

  • red-banded thrips

Other Scientific Names

  • Brachyurothrips indicus Bagnall
  • Heliothrips (Selenothrips) decolor Karny
  • Heliothrips (Selenothrips) mendex Schmutz
  • Heliothrips rubrocinctus Giard
  • Physopus rubrocinctus Giard

International Common Names

  • English: cacao thrips; cocoa thrips
  • Spanish: piojillo del cacao; piojito de la cinta roja; tripido de listas rojas; trips de la cinta roja; trips de la faja roja; trips del cacao (Mexico)
  • French: thrips du cacaoyer
  • Portuguese: tripes do cacaueiro (Brasil)

Local Common Names

  • Brazil: tripes-do-cacaueiro
  • Germany: Kakao-Blasenfuss; Kakao-Thrips
  • Italy: Tripide del cacao

EPPO code

  • SLENRU (Selenothrips rubrocinctus)

Taxonomic Tree

Top of page
  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Metazoa
  •         Phylum: Arthropoda
  •             Subphylum: Uniramia
  •                 Class: Insecta
  •                     Order: Thysanoptera
  •                         Family: Thripidae
  •                             Genus: Selenothrips
  •                                 Species: Selenothrips rubrocinctus

Distribution Table

Top of page

The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

CountryDistributionLast ReportedOriginFirst ReportedInvasiveReferencesNotes

ASIA

BangladeshPresentzur Strassen & van Harten, 1984
ChinaPresentUK CAB International, 1961; Zhang & Tong, 1993b
-FujianPresentUK CAB International, 1961
-HenanPresentWang, 1984
-YunnanPresentZhang & Tong, 1993a
IndiaPresentBhatti, 1990; UK CAB International, 1961; APPPC, 1987
-Andaman and Nicobar IslandsPresentBhatti, 1990
-KeralaPresentUK CAB International, 1961; Ananthakrishnan, 1971
-OdishaPresentUK CAB International, 1961
-Tamil NaduPresentUK CAB International, 1961
-West BengalPresentBhatti, 1990; UK CAB International, 1961
IndonesiaPresentzur Strassen, 1994
-JavaPresentzur Strassen, 1994
-SulawesiPresentWatson et al., 2014
JapanPresentKudô, 1992
-HonshuPresentKudô, 1992
-KyushuPresentKudô, 1992
MalaysiaWidespreadKudô, 1995
-Peninsular MalaysiaWidespreadKudô, 1995; UK CAB International, 1961
-SarawakPresentKudô, 1995
MyanmarPresentKudô, 1995
NepalPresentKudô, 1995
PakistanPresentMuhammad Sarwar, 2006
PhilippinesWidespreadReyes, 1994; Kudô, 1995; UK CAB International, 1961
SingaporeWidespreadAVA, 2001
Sri LankaPresentBohlen, 1973
TaiwanWidespreadChen, 1981; UK CAB International, 1961
ThailandPresentzur Strassen & van Harten, 1984

AFRICA

CameroonPresentPitkin & Mound, 1973
Cape VerdePresentzur Strassen, 1987
CongoPresentUK CAB International, 1961
Congo Democratic RepublicPresentKARNY 1925, October
Côte d'IvoireWidespreadCoulibaly, 1979; Paulin et al., 1983; UK CAB International, 1961
Equatorial GuineaPresentUK CAB International, 1961
GhanaPresentUK CAB International, 1961; Pitkin & Mound, 1973
KenyaPresentLe, 1959
NigeriaWidespreadOmole, 1977; Igboekwe, 1985; UK CAB International, 1961
Sao Tome and PrincipeWidespreadBadonnel, 1976; UK CAB International, 1961
Sierra LeonePresentUK CAB International, 1961
South AfricaWidespreadDennill, 1992
TanzaniaPresentBohlen, 1973; UK CAB International, 1961
-ZanzibarPresentUK CAB International, 1961
TogoWidespreadzur Strassen, 1980
UgandaPresentUK CAB International, 1961

NORTH AMERICA

MexicoWidespreadJohansen, 1976
USARestricted distributionUK CAB International, 1961
-FloridaWidespreadUK CAB International, 1961
-HawaiiWidespreadUK CAB International, 1961

CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN

BahamasWidespreadUK CAB International, 1961
BarbadosWidespreadUK CAB International, 1961
Costa RicaWidespreadUK CAB International, 1961
CubaWidespreadUK CAB International, 1961
DominicaWidespreadUK CAB International, 1961
Dominican RepublicWidespreadUK CAB International, 1961
GrenadaWidespreadUK CAB International, 1961
GuadeloupeWidespreadDelvare, 1993; UK CAB International, 1961
HaitiWidespreadUK CAB International, 1961
HondurasWidespreadUK CAB International, 1961
JamaicaWidespreadCallan, 1975; Bennett & Baranowski, 1982; UK CAB International, 1961
PanamaPresentUK CAB International, 1961
Puerto RicoPresentUK CAB International, 1961
Saint Kitts and NevisPresentUK CAB International, 1961
Saint LuciaPresentUK CAB International, 1961
Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesPresentUK CAB International, 1961
Trinidad and TobagoPresentUK CAB International, 1961
United States Virgin IslandsPresentUK CAB International, 1961

SOUTH AMERICA

BrazilPresentUK CAB International, 1961; Zanuncio et al., 2016
-BahiaWidespreadITCPC, 1976; UK CAB International, 1961; ITCPC, 1977
-CearaWidespreadCastro et al., 1975
-ParaWidespreadda Silva Costa, 1977
-PernambucoPresent
-Rio de JaneiroPresentUK CAB International, 1961
-Rio Grande do SulPresentUK CAB International, 1961
-Sao PauloPresentUK CAB International, 1961
ColombiaPresentEscobar et al., 1985
EcuadorPresentUK CAB International, 1961
Grenada
-CarriacouPresentBianchi, 1965
GuyanaPresentUK CAB International, 1961
PeruPresentUK CAB International, 1961
SurinamePresentUK CAB International, 1961
VenezuelaPresentUK CAB International, 1961

OCEANIA

American SamoaPresentMound & Walker, 1987
AustraliaPresentMound & Houston, 1987
-Australian Northern TerritoryWidespreadMound & Houston, 1987
-QueenslandWidespreadMound & Houston, 1987
FijiWidespreadMound & Walker, 1987
GuamPresentMoulton, 1942
KiribatiWidespreadMound & Walker, 1987
New CaledoniaPresentUK CAB International, 1961
Northern Mariana IslandsPresentMound & Walker, 1987; UK CAB International, 1961
Papua New GuineaPresentUK CAB International, 1961
Solomon IslandsPresentMound & Walker, 1987; UK CAB International, 1961; APPPC, 1987
VanuatuWidespreadMound & Walker, 1987
Wallis and Futuna IslandsPresentUK CAB International, 1961

Growth Stages

Top of pageFlowering stage, Fruiting stage, Post-harvest, Seedling stage, Vegetative growing stage

List of Symptoms

Top of page
SignLife StagesType

Fruit

discoloration
honeydew or sooty mould
lesions: black or brown
lesions: black or brown

Inflorescence

blight; necrosis
discoloration panicle
lesions on glumes

Leaves

abnormal colours
abnormal leaf fall
honeydew or sooty mould
necrotic areas
necrotic areas

Natural Enemies

Top of page
Natural enemyTypeLife stagesSpecificityReferencesBiological control inBiological control on
Franklinothrips tenuicornisPredatorLarvae
Franklinothrips vespiformisPredatorLarvae
Goetheana shakespeareiParasiteGrenada; Hawaii; Jamaica; Puerto Rico; Trinidadcocoa; mangoes
Goetheana shakespeareiParasiteEggs
Megaphragma caribeaParasiteEggs
Megaphragma mymaripenneParasiteEggs
Ninyas torvusPredatorAdults/Larvae
Orius thripoborusPredatorAdults/Larvae
Termatophylidea maculataPredatorAdults/Larvae
Termatophylidea opacaPredatorAdults/Larvae
Termatophylidea pilosaPredatorAdults/Larvae

References

Top of page

1976. Technical report, 1975. Informe Tecnico, Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau, xii + 129 pp.

Abreu JM, 1973. Evaluation of insecticides for the control of the cacao thrips (Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard)) in Bahia. Revista Theobroma, 3(4):3-10

Anathakrishnan TN, 1971. Thrips (Thysanoptera) in agriculture, horticulture & forestry--diagnosis, bionomics & control. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, 30:113-146.

APPPC, 1987. Insect pests of economic significance affecting major crops of the countries in Asia and the Pacific region. Technical Document No. 135. Bangkok, Thailand: Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific region (RAPA).

AVA, 2001. Diagnostic records of the Plant Health Diagnostic Services, Plant Health Centre, Agri-food & Veterinary Authority, Singapore.

Badonnel A, 1976. A new species of Amphipsocus from the island of Sao Tome (Psocoptera: Amphipsocidae). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 49(3/4):277-280

Bennett FD, Baranowski RM, 1982. First record of the thrips parasite Goetheana parvipennis (Gahan) (Eulophidae: Hymenoptera) from the Bahamas. Florida Entomologist, 65(1):185

Bhatti BS, 1990. Catalogue of insects of the order Terebrantia from the Indian Subregion. Zoology, Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology, 2(4):205-352

Bianchi FA, 1965. New Thysanoptera records from the Caroline and Mariana Islands. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 19:73-76

Bohlen E, 1973. Crop pests in Tanzania and their control. Berlin, Germany: Verlag Paul Parey.

Callan EMcC, 1943. Natural enemies of the cacaothrips. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 34:313-321.

Callan EMcC, 1975. Miridae of the genus Termatophylidea (Hemiptera) as predators of cacao thrips. Entomophaga, 20(4):389-391

Castro ZB de, Cavalcante MLS, Cavalcante RD, 1975. Occurrence of Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard, 1901) as a pest in Ceara State. Fitossanidade, 1(3):71-72

Cavalcante RD, Santos OM de L, Castro ZBde, 1975. Population study of cashew-tree thrips Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard). Biologico, 41(12):355-356

Chen LS, 1981. Studies on the Panchptothripinp (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Taiwan. Plant Protection Bulletin, Taiwan, 23(2):117-130

Costa A-da-Silva, Da-Silva-Costa A, Silva-Costa A-da, 1977. Principal pests of cacao in the State of Pera. Cacau Altualidades, 14:13-22.

Coulibaly N, 1979. Some aspects of the damage caused by Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard) and of the biology of this thysanopteran pest of cacao. Cafe Cacao The, 23(4):283-290

Decazy B, Coulibaly N, 1982. Performance of cacao cultivars with respected to some insect pests: possibility of early selection of tolerant trees. In: Cocoa Producers' Alliance, Proceedings of the 8th International Cocoa Research Conference. Lagos, Nigeria: CPA, 685-688.

Delvare G, 1993. On the Megaphragma of Guadeloupe with the description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Trichogrammatidae). Revue Francaise d'Entomologie, 15(4):149-152

Dennill GB, 1992. Orius thripoborus (Anthocoridae), a potential biocontrol agent of Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis and Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Thripidae) on avocado fruits in the eastern Transvaal. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 55(2):255-258

Dennill GB, Erasmus MJ, 1992. Basis for a practical technique for monitoring thrips in avocado orchards. Crop Protection, 11(1):89-91

Dennill GB, Erasmus MJ, 1992. The insect pests of avocado fruits - increasing pest complex and changing pest status. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 55(1):51-57

Escobar PE, Lemos CGA, Figueroa PA, 1985. A practical guide to the identification and management of the pests of ornamental plants. Acta Agronomica, 35(4):91-96.

Fennah RG, 1955. The epidemiology of cacao-thrips on cacao in Trinidad. Report of Cacao Research Trinidad, 24:7-26.

Fennah RG, 1963. Nutritional factors associated with seasonal population increase of cacao thrips, Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard) (Thysanoptera), on cashew, Anacardium occidentale. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 53:681-713.

Fennah RG, 1965. The influence of environmental stress on the cacao tree in predetermining the feeding sites of cacao thrips, Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard), on leaves and pods. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 56:333-349.

Igboekwe AD, 1985. Injury to young cashew plants, Anacardium occidentale L., by the red-banded thrips Selenothrips rubrocinctus Giard (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 13(1):25-32

ITCPC, 1977. Technical Report, 1976. Itabuna, Brazil: Informe Tecnico, Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau.

Johansen RM, 1976. Some aspects of mimetic behaviour in Franklinothrips vespiformis (Crawford), (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Serie Zoologia, 47(1):25-50

KARNY HH, 1925, October. On some Tropical Thysanoptera. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 16(pt. 2):125-142 pp.

Kud( I, 1995. Some Panchaetothripinae from Nepal, Malaysia and the Philippines (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia: Thripidae). Insecta Matsumurana, 52:81-103; [^italic~Research Trips for Agricultural and Forest Insects in the Subcontinent of India, Scientific Report^roman~ No. 50, ^italic~Systematic and Ecological Surveys on Some Plant-parasitic Microarthropods in Southeast Asia, Scientific Report^roman~ No. 22]; 35 ref.

Kudô I, 1980. Some Panchaetothripine Thysanoptera from Southeast Asia. Oriental Insects, 13:345-355.

Kudo I, 1992. Panchaetothripinae in Japan (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) 1. Panchaetothripini, the genera other than Helionothrips. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 60(1):109-125

Le Pelley RH, 1959. Agriccultural Insects of East Africa. Nairobi, Kenya: East Africa High Commission, 307 pp.

Mendes ACdeB, Bicelli CRL, Garcia JdeJdaS, De Barros Mendes AC, Barros Mendes ACde, Leal Bicell CR, Da Silvia Garcia JdeJ, Silvia Garcia JdeJda, 1984. Chemical control of Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard), a pest of cocoa plantations in the region of Altamira, Para, Brazil. Revista Theobroma, 14:189-192.

Moulton D, 1942. Thrips of Guam. In: Insects of Guam. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 172:7-16

Mound LA, 1970. Thysanoptera from Solomon Islands. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 24:83-126.

Mound LA, Houston KJ, 1987. An annotated check-list of Thysanoptera from Australia. Occasional Papers on Systematic Entomology, No. 4:28pp.

Mound LA, Walker AK, 1987. Thysanoptera as tropical tramps: new records from New Zealand and the Pacific. New Zealand Entomologist, 9:70-85.

Muhammad Sarwar, 2006. Occurrence of insect pests on guava (Psidium guajava) tree. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 38(3):197-200.

Omole MM, 1977. The susceptibility of cashew varieties (types) to infestation and chemical control of the red-banded thrips, Selenothrips rubrocinctus, in the field. Occasional Publication, Nigerian Society for Plant Protection, 49-50

Paulin D, Decazy B, Coulibaly N, 1983. Study of seasonal variation in conditions of pollination and fruit-set in a cacao plantation. Cafe, Cacao, The, 27(3):165-176

Pitkin BR, Mound LA, 1973. A catalogue of West African Thysanoptera. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, 35:407-449.

Reyes CP, 1994. Thysanoptera (Hexapoda) of the Philippine Islands. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 42(2):107-507.

Reyne A, 1921. De cacaothrips (Heliothrips rubrocinctus, Giard). Bulletin, Department van den Landbouw in Suriname, 44:1-214.

Strassen R zur, 1980. Thysanopterologische Notizen (5) (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Senckenbergiana Biolobica, 60:191-202.

Strassen R zur, 1987. Wildpflanzen-Fluren als naturliche Reservoire f_r potentille Pflanzensch, dlinge unter den kapverdischen Fransenflüglern (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 95:65-70.

Strassen R zur, 1994. Some reflections on the composition of the thrips fauna (Insecta: Thysanoptera) of Bali (Indonesia) along the biogeographical Bali-Lombok line. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 178:33-48.

Strassen R zur, Harten A van, 1984. Gelbschhalenfaenge von Fransenflüglern aus Katoffelkulturen in Bangladesh (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 65:75-95.

UK CAB International, 1961. Selenothrips rubrocinctus. [Distribution map]. Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, December. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, Map 136.

Wang WX, 1984. Bionomics and control of Selenothrips rubrocinctus. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 27(1):81-86

Watson GW, Muniappan R, Shepard BM, Sembel DT, Rauf A, Carner GR, Benson EP, 2014. Sap-sucking insect records (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha and Thysanoptera: Thripidae) from Indonesia. Florida Entomologist, 97(4):1594-1597. http://www.fcla.edu/FlaEnt/

Zanuncio Junior JS, Martins Ddos S, Fornazier MJ, Ventura JA, Queiroz RB, Pinent SMJ, Zanuncio JC, 2016. Thrips species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Brazilian papaya (Brassicales: Caricaceae) orchards as potential virus vectors. Florida Entomologist, 99(2):314-317. http://www.bioone.org/loi/flen

Zhang WX, Tong XL, 1993. Check list of Thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) from China. Zoology (Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology), 4:409-443.

Zhang WX, Tong XL, 1993a. Notes on some Panchaetothripinae species from Xishuangbanna, with description of a new species (Thripidae: Thysanoptera). Journal of South China Agricultural University, 14:51-54.

Distribution Maps

Top of page
Distribution map American Samoa: Present
Mound & Walker, 1987Australia: Present
Mound & Houston, 1987Australia
See regional map for distribution within the countryAustralia
See regional map for distribution within the countryBarbados: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Barbados: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Bangladesh: PresentBrazil: Present
UK CAB International, 1961; Zanuncio et al., 2016Brazil
See regional map for distribution within the countryBrazil
See regional map for distribution within the countryBrazil
See regional map for distribution within the countryBrazil
See regional map for distribution within the countryBrazil
See regional map for distribution within the countryBrazil
See regional map for distribution within the countryBrazil
See regional map for distribution within the countryBahamas: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Bahamas: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Congo: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Côte d'Ivoire: Widespread
Coulibaly, 1979; Paulin et al., 1983; UK CAB International, 1961Cameroon: Present
Pitkin & Mound, 1973China: Present
UK CAB International, 1961China: Present
UK CAB International, 1961China
See regional map for distribution within the countryChina
See regional map for distribution within the countryChina
See regional map for distribution within the countryColombia: Present
Escobar et al., 1985Colombia: Present
Escobar et al., 1985Costa Rica: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Costa Rica: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Cuba: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Cuba: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Cape Verde: PresentDominica: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Dominican Republic: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Dominican Republic: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Ecuador: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Fiji: Widespread
Mound & Walker, 1987Grenada: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Grenada
See regional map for distribution within the countryGhana: Present
UK CAB International, 1961; Pitkin & Mound, 1973Guadeloupe: Widespread
Delvare, 1993; UK CAB International, 1961Equatorial Guinea: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Guam: Present
Moulton, 1942Guyana: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Guyana: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Honduras: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Honduras: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Haiti: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Haiti: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Indonesia: PresentIndonesia: PresentIndonesia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndonesia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndonesia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia: Present
Bhatti, 1990; UK CAB International, 1961; APPPC, 1987India
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryJamaica: Widespread
Callan, 1975; Bennett & Baranowski, 1982; UK CAB International, 1961Jamaica: Widespread
Callan, 1975; Bennett & Baranowski, 1982; UK CAB International, 1961Japan: Present
Kudô, 1992Japan
See regional map for distribution within the countryJapan
See regional map for distribution within the countryKenya: Present
Le, 1959Kiribati: Widespread
Mound & Walker, 1987Saint Kitts and Nevis: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Saint Lucia: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Sri Lanka: Present
Bohlen, 1973Myanmar: Present
Kudô, 1995Northern Mariana Islands: Present
Mound & Walker, 1987; UK CAB International, 1961Mexico: Widespread
Johansen, 1976Mexico: Widespread
Johansen, 1976Malaysia: Widespread
Kudô, 1995Malaysia
See regional map for distribution within the countryMalaysia
See regional map for distribution within the countryNew Caledonia: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Nigeria: Widespread
Omole, 1977; Igboekwe, 1985; UK CAB International, 1961Nepal: Present
Kudô, 1995Panama: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Panama: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Peru: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Papua New Guinea: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Papua New Guinea: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Philippines: Widespread
Reyes, 1994; Kudô, 1995; UK CAB International, 1961Philippines: Widespread
Reyes, 1994; Kudô, 1995; UK CAB International, 1961Pakistan: Present
Muhammad Sarwar, 2006Puerto Rico: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Puerto Rico: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Solomon Islands: Present
Mound & Walker, 1987; UK CAB International, 1961; APPPC, 1987Singapore: Widespread
AVA, 2001Sierra Leone: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Suriname: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Suriname: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Sao Tome and Principe: Widespread
Badonnel, 1976; UK CAB International, 1961Togo: WidespreadThailand: PresentTrinidad and Tobago: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Trinidad and Tobago: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Taiwan: Widespread
Chen, 1981; UK CAB International, 1961Taiwan: Widespread
Chen, 1981; UK CAB International, 1961Tanzania: Present
Bohlen, 1973; UK CAB International, 1961Tanzania
See regional map for distribution within the countryUganda: Present
UK CAB International, 1961USA: Restricted distribution
UK CAB International, 1961USA: Restricted distribution
UK CAB International, 1961USA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countrySaint Vincent and the Grenadines: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Venezuela: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Venezuela: Present
UK CAB International, 1961United States Virgin Islands: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Vanuatu: Widespread
Mound & Walker, 1987Wallis and Futuna Islands: Present
UK CAB International, 1961South Africa: Widespread
Dennill, 1992Congo Democratic Republic: Present
KARNY 1925, Oc,tober
  • = Present, no further details
  • = Evidence of pathogen
  • = Widespread
  • = Last reported
  • = Localised
  • = Presence unconfirmed
  • = Confined and subject to quarantine
  • = See regional map for distribution within the country
  • = Occasional or few reports
Download KML file Download CSV file
Creative Commons Licence
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

Please click OK to ACCEPT or Cancel to REJECT

Creative Commons Licence
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

Please click OK to ACCEPT or Cancel to REJECT

Distribution map (asia) Bangladesh: PresentChina: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Fujian: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Henan: Present
Wang, 1984Yunnan: Present
Zhang & Tong ,1993aIndonesia: PresentJava: PresentSulawesi: Present
Watson et al., 2014India: Present
Bhatti, 1990; UK CAB International, 1961; APPPC, 1987Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Present
Bhatti, 1990Kerala: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Odisha: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Tamil Nadu: Present
UK CAB International, 1961West Bengal: Present
Bhatti, 1990; UK CAB International, 1961Japan: Present
Kudô, 1992Honshu: Present
Kudô, 1992Kyushu: Present
Kudô, 1992Sri Lanka: Present
Bohlen, 1973Myanmar: Present
Kudô, 1995Malaysia: Widespread
Kudô, 1995Peninsular Malaysia: Widespread
Kudô, 1995; UK CAB International, 1961Sarawak: Present
Kudô, 1995Nepal: Present
Kudô, 1995Papua New Guinea: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Philippines: Widespread
Reyes, 1994; Kudô, 1995; UK CAB International, 1961Pakistan: Present
Muhammad Sarwar, 2006Singapore: Widespread
AVA, 2001Thailand: PresentTaiwan: Widespread
Chen, 1981; UK CAB International, 1961
Distribution map (europe)
Distribution map (africa) Congo: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Côte d'Ivoire: Widespread
Coulibaly, 1979; Paulin et al., 1983; UK CAB International, 1961Cameroon: Present
Pitkin & Mound, 1973Cape Verde: PresentGhana: Present
UK CAB International, 1961; Pitkin & Mound, 1973Equatorial Guinea: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Kenya: Present
Le, 1959Nigeria: Widespread
Omole, 1977; Igboekwe, 1985; UK CAB International, 1961Sierra Leone: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Sao Tome and Principe: Widespread
Badonnel, 1976; UK CAB International, 1961Togo: WidespreadTanzania: Present
Bohlen, 1973; UK CAB International, 1961Zanzibar: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Uganda: Present
UK CAB International, 1961South Africa: Widespread
Dennill, 1992Congo Democratic Republic: Present
KARNY 1925, Oc,tober
Distribution map (north america) Bahamas: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Cuba: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Dominican Republic: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Honduras: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Haiti: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Jamaica: Widespread
Callan, 1975; Bennett & Baranowski, 1982; UK CAB International, 1961Mexico: Widespread
Johansen, 1976Puerto Rico: Present
UK CAB International, 1961USA: Restricted distribution
UK CAB International, 1961Florida: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Hawaii: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961
Distribution map (central america) Barbados: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Bahamas: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Colombia: Present
Escobar et al., 1985Costa Rica: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Cuba: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Dominica: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Dominican Republic: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Grenada: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Guadeloupe: Widespread
Delvare, 1993; UK CAB International, 1961Guyana: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Honduras: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Haiti: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Jamaica: Widespread
Callan, 1975; Bennett & Baranowski, 1982; UK CAB International, 1961Saint Kitts and Nevis: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Saint Lucia: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Mexico: Widespread
Johansen, 1976Panama: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Puerto Rico: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Suriname: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Trinidad and Tobago: Present
UK CAB International, 1961USA: Restricted distribution
UK CAB International, 1961Florida: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Venezuela: Present
UK CAB International, 1961United States Virgin Islands: Present
UK CAB International, 1961
Distribution map (south america) Barbados: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Brazil: Present
UK CAB International, 1961; Zanuncio et al., 2016Bahia: Widespread
ITCPC, 1976; UK CAB International, 1961; ITCPC, 1977Ceara: Widespread
Castro et al., 1975Para: WidespreadPernambuco: PresentRio de Janeiro: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Rio Grande do Sul: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Sao Paulo: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Colombia: Present
Escobar et al., 1985Costa Rica: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1961Ecuador: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Carriacou: Present
Bianchi, 1965Guyana: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Panama: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Peru: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Suriname: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Trinidad and Tobago: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Venezuela: Present
UK CAB International, 1961
Distribution map (pacific) American Samoa: Present
Mound & Walker, 1987Australia: Present
Mound & Houston, 1987Australian Northern Territory: Widespread
Mound & Houston, 1987Queensland: Widespread
Mound & Houston, 1987China: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Fiji: Widespread
Mound & Walker, 1987Guam: Present
Moulton, 1942Indonesia: PresentSulawesi: Present
Watson et al., 2014Kiribati: Widespread
Mound & Walker, 1987Northern Mariana Islands: Present
Mound & Walker, 1987; UK CAB International, 1961New Caledonia: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Papua New Guinea: Present
UK CAB International, 1961Philippines: Widespread
Reyes, 1994; Kudô, 1995; UK CAB International, 1961Solomon Islands: Present
Mound & Walker, 1987; UK CAB International, 1961; APPPC, 1987Taiwan: Widespread
Chen, 1981; UK CAB International, 1961Vanuatu: Widespread
Mound & Walker, 1987Wallis and Futuna Islands: Present
UK CAB International, 1961