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Datasheet

Burkholderia gladioli pv. gladioli (corm scab)

Summary

  • Last modified
  • 14 September 2010
  • Datasheet Type(s)
  • Pest
  • Natural Enemy
  • Preferred Scientific Name
  • Burkholderia gladioli pv. gladioli
  • Preferred Common Name
  • corm scab
  • Taxonomic Tree
  • Domain: Bacteria
  •     Phylum: Proteobacteria
  •         Class: Betaproteobacteria
  •             Order: Burkholderiales
  •                 Family: Burkholderiaceae
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    Compendia
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Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

  • Burkholderia gladioli pv. gladioli (Severini) Yabuuchi et al. 1993

Preferred Common Name

  • corm scab

Other Scientific Names

  • Bacterium gladioli (Severini) Elliott, 1930
  • Bacterium marginatum McCulloch, 1921
  • Chlorobacter marginatus (McCulloch) Patel & Kulkarni, 1951
  • Phytomonas gladioli (Severini) Magrou, 1937
  • Phytomonas marginata (McCulloch) Bergey et al., 1923
  • Pseudomonas gladioli Severini, 1913
  • Pseudomonas marginata (McCulloch) Stapp, 1928

International Common Names

  • English: bacterial scab of Gladiolus spp.; blight of Gladiolus spp.; gladiolus scab; leaf spot of Gladiolus spp.; neck rot of Gladiolus spp.; rot of stem bases (Gladiolus)
  • Spanish: podredumbre basal del gladiolo
  • French: bacteriose du glaieul; pourriture basale du glaieul

Local Common Names

  • Germany: Bakterien-: Gladiole Basalfaeule; Lackschorf: Gladiole

EPPO code

  • PSDMGD (Burkholderia gladioli pv. gladioli)

Taxonomic Tree

Top of page
  • Domain: Bacteria
  •     Phylum: Proteobacteria
  •         Class: Betaproteobacteria
  •             Order: Burkholderiales
  •                 Family: Burkholderiaceae
  •                     Genus: Burkholderia
  •                         Species: Burkholderia gladioli pv. gladioli

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

CountryDistributionLast ReportedOriginFirst ReportedInvasiveReferencesNotes

ASIA

ChinaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
-ZhejiangPresentXu & Ge, 1990; CABI/EPPO, 2008
IndiaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
-Himachal PradeshPresentDurgapal & Trivedi, 1976; CABI/EPPO, 2008
IsraelPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
JapanPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
-HonshuPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
-KyushuPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
ThailandPresentChuenchitt et al., 1983; CABI/EPPO, 2008

AFRICA

AlgeriaPresentLamari & Sabaou, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2008
EgyptPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008; Abo El Dahab et al., 1972; Abo El Dahab et al., 1973
South AfricaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008; Boeleme, 1977
ZimbabwePresentBates, 1960; CABI/EPPO, 2008

NORTH AMERICA

CanadaWidespreadCABI/EPPO, 2008; Elliot, 1951
-AlbertaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
-British ColumbiaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
-ManitobaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
-New BrunswickPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
-Nova ScotiaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
-OntarioPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
-Prince Edward IslandPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
-QuebecPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
-SaskatchewanPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
USAWidespreadCABI/EPPO, 2008; Elliot, 1951
-AlabamaPresentMcInroy & Kloepper, 1995; CABI/EPPO, 2008
-ConnecticutPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
-FloridaPresentMiller et al., 1984; Chase et al., 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2008
-GeorgiaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
-HawaiiPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
-MassachusettsPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
-MississippiPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
-NebraskaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
-OregonPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
-South DakotaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008

SOUTH AMERICA

ArgentinaWidespreadCABI/EPPO, 2008; Elliot, 1951
BrazilPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
-Sao PauloPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
ChilePresentCABI/EPPO, 2008

EUROPE

AustriaWidespreadCABI/EPPO, 2008; Elliot, 1951
BelarusPresentGorlenko, 1974; CABI/EPPO, 2008
BelgiumPresentVanderwalle, 1947; CABI/EPPO, 2008
Czech RepublicPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008; Elliot, 1951; Mràz, 1958
FinlandPresentRainio, 1936; CABI/EPPO, 2008
FranceWidespreadCABI/EPPO, 2008; Elliot, 1951
GermanyPresentPape, 1956; CABI/EPPO, 2008
ItalyPresentBazzi et al., 1987; Scortichini, 1993; Severini, 1913; CABI/EPPO, 2008
-Italy (mainland)PresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
NetherlandsPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008; Elliot, 1951
RomaniaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008; Savulescu, 1947
Russian FederationPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008
-Southern RussiaPresentCABI/EPPO, 2008

OCEANIA

AustraliaWidespreadCABI/EPPO, 2008; Elliot, 1951
-New South WalesPresentBiological Branch, 1944; CABI/EPPO, 2008
-QueenslandPresentHayward, 1983; CABI/EPPO, 2008
-VictoriaAbsent, invalid recordCABI/EPPO, 2008
New CaledoniaPresentBugnicourt et al., 1951; CABI/EPPO, 2008

Growth Stages

Top of pageSeedling stage, Vegetative growing stage

List of Symptoms

Top of page
SignLife StagesType

Leaves

necrotic areas

Stems

dieback

Vegetative organs

surface lesions or discoloration

Plant Trade

Top of page
Plant parts liable to carry the pest in trade/transportPest stagesBorne internallyBorne externallyVisibility of pest or symptoms
Bulbs, Tubers, Corms, RhizomesNoYesPest or symptoms usually visible to the naked eye
LeavesNoYesPest or symptoms usually visible to the naked eye
Stems (above ground), Shoots, Trunks, BranchesNoYesPest or symptoms usually visible to the naked eye
Plant parts not known to carry the pest in trade/transport
Bark
Flowers, Inflorescences, Cones, Calyx
Fruits (inc. pods)
Growing medium accompanying plants
Roots
True seeds (inc. grain)
Wood

References

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Abo-El-Dahab MK, El-Goorani MA, El-Banoby FE, 1972. Bacterial scab of gladiolus in Egypt. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 11(3):131-135

Abo-El-Dahab MK, El-Goorani MA, El-Banoby FE, 1973. Effective control of bacterial scab for gladiolus. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 12:88-91

Ballard RW, Palleroni NP, Doudoroff M, Stainier RY, Mandel M, 1970. Taxonomy of the aerobic pseudomonads: Pseudomonas cepacia, P. marginata, P. alliicola and P. caryophylli. Journal of General Microbiology, 60(2):199-214

Bates GR, 1960. Branch of the botany, plant pathology and seed testing. Report of the Ministry of Agriculture for Rhodesia and Nyasaland 1958-1959, 43-51.

Bazzi C, Minardi P, Mazzucchi U, 1987. Bacterial diseases of flower and ornamental plants in Italy. Informatore Fitopatologico, 37(6):15-24

Bergey DH, Harrison FC, Breed RS, Hammer BW, Huntoon FM, 1923. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed. Baltimore, USA: The Williams and Wilkins Co.

Biological Branch, 1944. Plant diseases. Notes contributed by the biological branch. Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales, 6:235-239.

Biological Branch, 1949. Notes by the biological branch. Corm rot diseases of the gladiolus. Journal of the Department of Agriculture Victoria, Australia, 47:125-129.

Boelema BH, 1977. Pseudomonas marginata on gladiolus in the Transvaal. Phytophylactica, 9(2):55-57

Bugnicourt F, Cohic F, Dadant R, 1951. A catalogue of the animal and plant parasites of the cultivated plants of New Caledonia. Nouméa, New Caledonia: Institut Frantais d'Océanie.

CABI/EPPO, 2008. Bukholderia gladioli pv. gladioli. [Distribution map]. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, April (Edition 1). Wallingford, UK: CABI, Map 1017.

Cadwallader KR, Braddock RJ, Parish ME, Higgins DP, 1989. Bioconversion of (+)-limonene by Pseudomonas gladioli. Journal of Food Science, 54:1241-1245.

Chase AR, Miller JW, Jones JB, 1984. Leaf spot and blight of Asplenium nidus caused by Pseudomonas gladioli. Plant Disease, 68(4):344-347

Chuenchitt S, Dhirabhava W, Karnjanarat S, Buangsuwon D, Uematsu T, 1983. A new bacterial disease on orchids Dendrobium sp. caused by Pseudomonas gladioli. Kasetsart Journal, Natural Sciences, 17(1):26-36

Dawson TD, Chang FH, 1992. Screening test of the biodegradative capability of a new strain of Pseudomonas gladioli (BSU 45124) on some xenobiotic organics. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 49:10-17.

Durgapal JC, Trivedi BM, 1976. Bacteriosis of iris in India. Current Science, 45(15):562-563

El Goorani MA, Abo El Dahab MK, Mehiar FF, 1974. Interaction between root knot nematode and Pseudomonas marginata on gladiolus corms. Phytopathology, 64:271-272.

Elliott C, 1930. Manual of Bacterial Plant Pathogens. London, UK: BailliFre, Tindall & Cox.

Elliott C, 1951. Manual of Bacterial Plant Pathogens. Massachusetts, USA: Waltham.

Furuya N, Iiyama K, Shiozaki N, Matsuyama N, 1997. Phytotoxin produced by Burkholderia gladioli. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 42(1/2):33-37; 3 ref.

Furuya N, Iiyama K, Ueda Y, Matsuyama N, 1997. Reaction of tobacco and rice leaf tissue infiltrated with Burkholderia glumae or B. gladioli. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 42(1/2):43-51; 6 ref.

Galbraith L, Wilkinson SG, 1991. Polar lipids and fatty acids of Pseudomonas caryophylli, Pseudomonas gladioli and Pseudomonas pickettii. Journal of General Microbiology, 137(1):197-202

Gillis M, Van VanT, Bardin R, Goor M, Hebbar P, Willems A, Segers P, Kersters K, Heulin T, Fernandez MP, 1995. Polyphasic taxonomy in the genus Burkholderia leading to an emended description of the genus and proposition of Burkholderia vietnamiensis sp. nov. for N-fixing isolates from rice in Vietnam. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 45:274-289.

Gorlenko SV, 1974. The control of diseases of gladiolus during the storage period. Introduktsiya Rast. i Zelenoe Str-vo. 'Nauka i Tekhn'. Minsk USSR, 214-221

Hayward AC, 1983. Pseudomonas: The non-fluorescent pseudomonads. In: Fahy PC, Persley GJ, eds. Plant Bacterial Diseases: A Diagnostic Guide. Sydney, Australia: Academic Press, 107-140.

Hickel A, Heinrich G, Schwab H, Griengl H, 1997. Screening for hydroxynitrile lyases in plants. Biotechnology Techniques, 11:55-58.

Hildebrand DC, Palleroni NJ, Doudoroff M, 1973. Synonymy of Pseudomonas gladioli Severini 1913 and Pseudomonas marginata (McCulloch 1921) Stapp 1928. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 23(4):433-437

Kanj SS, Tapson V, Davis RD, Madden J, Browning I, 1997. Infections in patients with cystic fibrosis following lung transplantation. Chest, 112:924-930.

Kloepper JW, Rodríguez-Kábana R, McInroy JA, Young RW, 1992. Rhizosphere bacteria antagonistic to soybean cyst (Heterodera glycines) and root-knot (Meloidogyne incognita) nematodes: identification by fatty acid analysis and frequency of biological control activity. Plant and Soil, 139(1):75-84; 34 ref.

Lamari L, Sabaou N, 1993. Comparative study of the bacterial rhizosphere flora of two cultivars of date palms sensitive and resistant to fusariosis. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 39(9):874-881; 28 ref.

Li X, Dorsch M, Dot T del, Sly LI, Stackebrandt E, Hayward AC, 1993. Phylogenetic studies of the rRNA group II pseudomonads based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 74(3):324-329

Li X, Hayward AC, 1994. Bacterial whole cell protein profiles of the rRNA group II pseudomonads. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 77(3):308-318; 31 ref.

Magrou J, 1937. In: Hauduroy P, Ehringer G, Urbain A, Guillot G, Magrou J, eds. Dictionnaire des Bactéries PathogFnes, ed. 1. Paris, France: Masson.

Matsuyama N, 1995. Application of the direct colony TLC for identification of phytopathogenic bacteria (III). Distinction of the pseudomonads in the rRNA-homology group II (Burkholderia spp.). Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 40(1/2):189-196; 14 ref.

McCulloch L, 1921. A bacterial disease of Gladiolus. Science, 54:115-116.

McInroy JA, Kloepper JW, 1995. Survey of indigenous bacterial endophytes from cotton and sweet corn. Plant and Soil, 173(2):337-342; 14 ref.

Miller JW, Chase AR, Jones JB, 1984. Leaf spot and blight of bird's nest fern caused by Pseudomonas gladioli. Plant Pathology Circular, Florida Department of Agriculture, No. 256:2 pp.

Mizuno A, Tsushima S, Kadota I, Nishiyama K, 1995. A cloned DNA probe for detection of Pseudomonas gladioli. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 61(1):22-26; 18 ref.

Pape H, 1956. In: The thirty-first German plant protection conference of the federal biological institute of agriculture and forestry at Kassel, 10-14 October 1955. Mitt. Biol. Zent Anst. Berl., 85:134-138.

Patel MK, Kulkarni YS, 1951. Nomenclature of bacterial plant pathogens, Indian Phytopathology, 4:74-84.

Poe SL, Noble WE, Stall RE, 1979. Acquisition and retention of Pseudomonas marginata by Anoetus feroniarum and Rhizoglyphus robini. In: Rodriguez JG, ed. Recent advances in acarology. Volume I. New York, USA: Academic Press, 119-124.

Rainio AJ, 1936. Investigations on bacterial diseases of gladioli (Pseudomonas marginata McCl, Ps. Gummisudans McCl., Bacillus omnivorans Hall, and B. variegatus Rainio nov. spec.). Valtion Maatalouskoetolminnan Julkaisuja, 84:102.

Saévulescu T, 1947. The phytosanitary situation in Romania in 1937-1938, 1938-1939, 1939-1940, 1940-1941, 1941-1942, 1942-1943, 1943-1944. Publ. Inst. Cerc. Agron. României, 62:98.

Scortichini M, 1993. Pseudomonas gladioli pv. gladioli causal agent of bacterial scab of Gladiolus in Lazio. Informatore Fitopatologico, 43(7-8):49-51

Severini G, 1913. Una bacteriosi dell'Ixia maculata e del Gladiolous coluilli. Annali di Botanica, 11:413-424.

Shumilenko EP, 1973. Disinfection of gladiolus corms against fungus and bacterial diseases. Khimiya v Sel'skom Khozyaistve, 11:45-47.

Stapp C, 1928. Schizomycetes (Spaltpilze oder Bakterien). In: Sorauer P, ed. Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten 2. Berlin, Germany: Verlag Paul Parey, 286-287.

Stead DE, 1992. Grouping of plant-pathogenic and some other Pseudomonas spp. by using cellular fatty acid profiles. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 42(2):281-295

Sugimoto EE, Hoitink HAJ, Tuovinen OH, 1990. Oligotrophic pseudomonads in the rhizosphere: suppressiveness to Pythium damping-off of cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus L.). Biology and Fertility of Soils, 9(3):231-234

Urakami T, Ito-Yoshida C, Araki H, Kijima T, Suzuki KI, Komagata K, 1994. Transfer of Pseudomonas plantarii and Pseudomonas glumae to Burkholderia as Burkholderia spp. and description of Burkholderia vandii sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 44(2):235-245

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Distribution Maps

Top of page
Distribution map Argentina: Widespread
CABI/EPPO, 2008Austria: Widespread
CABI/EPPO, 2008Australia: Widespread
CABI/EPPO, 2008Australia
See regional map for distribution within the countryAustralia
See regional map for distribution within the countryBelgium: Present
Vanderwalle, 1947; CABI/EPPO, 2008Brazil: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Brazil
See regional map for distribution within the countryBelarus: Present
Gorlenko, 1974; CABI/EPPO, 2008Canada: Widespread
CABI/EPPO, 2008Canada
See regional map for distribution within the countryCanada
See regional map for distribution within the countryCanada
See regional map for distribution within the countryCanada
See regional map for distribution within the countryCanada
See regional map for distribution within the countryCanada
See regional map for distribution within the countryCanada
See regional map for distribution within the countryCanada
See regional map for distribution within the countryCanada
See regional map for distribution within the countryChile: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008China: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008China: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008China
See regional map for distribution within the countryCzech Republic: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Germany: Present
Pape, 1956; CABI/EPPO, 2008Algeria: Present
Lamari & Sabaou, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2008Algeria: Present
Lamari & Sabaou, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2008Egypt: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Finland: Present
Rainio, 1936; CABI/EPPO, 2008France: Widespread
CABI/EPPO, 2008Israel: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Israel: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008India: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008India
See regional map for distribution within the countryItaly: Present
Bazzi et al., 1987; Scortichini, 1993; Severini, 1913; CABI/EPPO, 2008Italy
See regional map for distribution within the countryJapan: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Japan
See regional map for distribution within the countryJapan
See regional map for distribution within the countryNew Caledonia: Present
Bugnicourt et al., 1951; CABI/EPPO, 2008Netherlands: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Romania: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Russian Federation: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Russian Federation: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Russian Federation
See regional map for distribution within the countryThailand: Present
Chuenchitt et al., 1983; CABI/EPPO, 2008USA: Widespread
CABI/EPPO, 2008USA: Widespread
CABI/EPPO, 2008USA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countrySouth Africa: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Zimbabwe: Present
Bates, 1960; CABI/EPPO, 2008
  • = Present, no further details
  • = Evidence of pathogen
  • = Widespread
  • = Last reported
  • = Localised
  • = Presence unconfirmed
  • = Confined and subject to quarantine
  • = See regional map for distribution within the country
  • = Occasional or few reports
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Distribution map (asia) China: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Zhejiang: Present
Xu & Ge, 1990; CABI/EPPO, 2008Israel: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008India: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Himachal Pradesh: Present
Durgapal & Trivedi, 1976; CABI/EPPO, 2008Japan: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Honshu: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Kyushu: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Russian Federation: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Thailand: Present
Chuenchitt et al., 1983; CABI/EPPO, 2008
Distribution map (europe) Austria: Widespread
CABI/EPPO, 2008Belgium: Present
Vanderwalle, 1947; CABI/EPPO, 2008Belarus: Present
Gorlenko, 1974; CABI/EPPO, 2008Czech Republic: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Germany: Present
Pape, 1956; CABI/EPPO, 2008Algeria: Present
Lamari & Sabaou, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2008Finland: Present
Rainio, 1936; CABI/EPPO, 2008France: Widespread
CABI/EPPO, 2008Italy: Present
Bazzi et al., 1987; Scortichini, 1993; Severini, 1913; CABI/EPPO, 2008Italy (mainland): Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Netherlands: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Romania: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Russian Federation: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Southern Russia: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008
Distribution map (africa) Algeria: Present
Lamari & Sabaou, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2008Egypt: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Israel: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008South Africa: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Zimbabwe: Present
Bates, 1960; CABI/EPPO, 2008
Distribution map (north america) Canada: Widespread
CABI/EPPO, 2008Alberta: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008British Columbia: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Manitoba: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008New Brunswick: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Nova Scotia: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Ontario: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Prince Edward Island: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Quebec: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Saskatchewan: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008USA: Widespread
CABI/EPPO, 2008Alabama: Present
McInroy & Kloepper, 1995; CABI/EPPO, 2008Connecticut: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Florida: Present
Miller et al., 1984; Chase et al., 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2008Georgia: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Hawaii: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Massachusetts: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Mississippi: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Nebraska: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Oregon: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008South Dakota: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008
Distribution map (central america) USA: Widespread
CABI/EPPO, 2008Florida: Present
Miller et al., 1984; Chase et al., 1984; CABI/EPPO, 2008
Distribution map (south america) Argentina: Widespread
CABI/EPPO, 2008Brazil: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Sao Paulo: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008Chile: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008
Distribution map (pacific) Australia: Widespread
CABI/EPPO, 2008New South Wales: Present
Biological Branch, 1944; CABI/EPPO, 2008Queensland: Present
Hayward, 1983; CABI/EPPO, 2008China: Present
CABI/EPPO, 2008New Caledonia: Present
Bugnicourt et al., 1951; CABI/EPPO, 2008