Planococcus lilacinus (cacao mealybug)

Pictures

Picture	Title	Caption	Copyright
Title Adult female - line drawing Caption P. lilacinus - slide mounted adult female. Copyright Beatrice Padi (modified from Cox, 1989)	Adult female - line drawing	P. lilacinus - slide mounted adult female.	Beatrice Padi (modified from Cox, 1989)
Title P. lilacinus on cocoa Caption P. lilacinus (2.7mm) on cocoa pod. Copyright Peter A.C. Ooi/Tropical Press Sdn Bnd	P. lilacinus on cocoa	P. lilacinus (2.7mm) on cocoa pod.	Peter A.C. Ooi/Tropical Press Sdn Bnd

Identity

Preferred Scientific Name

• Planococcus lilacinus Cock

Preferred Common Name

• cacao mealybug

Other Scientific Names

• Dactylopius coffeae Newstead
• Dactylopius crotonis Green
• Planococcus crotonis (Green)
• Planococcus deceptor
• Planococcus tayabanus (Cockerell)
• Pseudococcus coffeae (Newstead)
• Pseudococcus crotonis (Green)
• Pseudococcus deceptor Betrem
• Pseudococcus lilacinus Cockerell
• Pseudococcus tayabanus Cockerell
• Tylococcus mauritiensis Mamet

International Common Names

• English: coffee mealybug

Local Common Names

• Germany: Asiatische Kaffee-Schmierlaus; Kaffeewurzel-Schmierlaus

EPPO code

• PLANLI (Planococcus lilacinus)

Taxonomic Tree

• Domain: Eukaryota
•     Kingdom: Metazoa
•         Phylum: Arthropoda
•             Subphylum: Uniramia
•                 Class: Insecta
•                     Order: Hemiptera
•                         Suborder: Sternorrhyncha
•                             Superfamily: Coccoidea
•                                 Family: Pseudococcidae
•                                     Genus: Planococcus
•                                         Species: Planococcus lilacinus

Distribution Table

The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Host plants/Plants Affected

Growth Stages

List of Symptoms

Natural Enemies

References

1978. Thirtyfirst annual report 1977-78. Report, Coffee Board Research Department, India, [2+] 53 pp.

Avasti RK, Saafe SA, 1987. Indian Pseudococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Indian Journal of Systematic Entomology, 4:1-54.

Beardsley JW, 1966. Insects of Micronesia, 6(7):434-435.

Ben-Dov Y, 1994. A systematic catalogue of the mealybugs of the world (Insecta: Homoptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae and Putoidae) with data on geographical distribution, host plants, biology and economic importance. Andover, UK; Intercept Limited, 686 pp.

Bhat PK, Shamanna HV, 1972. Some new collateral hosts of Planococcus lilacinus from South India. Journal of Coffee Research, 2(2):27

Brough EJ, 1980. Citrus entomology in Papua New Guinea. News Bulletin, Entomological Society of Queensland, 14:43-47.

Butani DK, 1976. Insect pests of fruit crops and their control - custard apple. Pesticides, 10(5):27-28

Butani DK, 1978. Insect pests of tamarind and their control. Pesticides, 12(11):34-41

Chacko MJ, Bhat PK, Rao LVAnanda, Deepak Singh MB, Ramanarayan EP, Sreedharan K, 1978. The use of the ladybird beetle, Cryptolpmus montrouzieri for the control of coffee mealybugs. Journal of Coffee Research, 8(1):14-19

Chacko MJ, Bhat PKrishnamoorthy, Ramanarayan EP, 1977. New records of Coccoidea with notes on natural enemies of Planococcus spp. on coffee in India. Journal of Coffee Research, 7(3):69-71

Chacko MJ, Sreedharan K, 1981. Predation of Mallada boninensis on Ferrisia virgata, Planococcus citri and P. lilacinus. Journal of Biological Control, 4(2):122-123.

Cox JM, 1989. The mealybug genus Planococcus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 58(1):1-78

Dayan MP, Baltazar EM, 1990. Survey, identification and pathogenicity of pests and diseases of bamboo in the Philippines. Proceedings of the first National Bamboo Symposium-Workshop, February 27-March 01, 1989. Sylvatrop, 13(1-2):61-77.

Dhandapani N, Gopalan M, Sundarababu PC, 1992. Evaluation of insecticides for the control of mealy bugs, (Planococcus lilacinus, Ckll.) in jasmine. Madras Agricultural Journal, 79(1):54-55

Entwistle PF, 1972. Pests of cocoa. London, UK: Longman, 779 pp.

EPPO, 2014. PQR database. Paris, France: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. http://www.eppo.int/DATABASES/pqr/pqr.htm

Fernando LCP, Kanagaratnam P, 1987. New records of some pests of the coconut inflorescence and developing fruit and their natural enemies in Sri Lanka. COCOS, 5:39-42.

Ferris GF, 1950. Atlas of the Scale Insects of North America. Series V. The Pseudococeidae (Part I). Stanford Univ. Pr., California; London, G. Cumberlege, Oxford Univ. Pr., vii+ 278 pp.

Graham MK, 1991. Biological control of Helopeltis spp. in mature cocoa by the black ant (Dolichoderus bituberculatus) and the cocoa mealybug (Planococcus lilacinus). Planter, 67(788):543-546

IIE, 1995. Distribution Maps of Pests, Series A, No. 101. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

Kumar MG, Bhat PK, Ramaiah PK, 1989. Potential role of kerosene and neem derivatives in integrated management of mealybugs on coffee. Journal of Coffee Research, 19(1):17-29

Kumar PKV, Prakasan CB, 1992. Soil application of systemic insecticides for mealybug control. Journal of Coffee Research, 22(1):65-68

Le Pelley RH, 1943. An Oriental mealybug (Pseudococcus lilacinus Ckll.) (Hemiptera) and its insect enemies. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 93(1):73-93.

Mani M, 1995. Comparative development, progeny production and sex ratio of the exotic parasitoid Leptomastix dactylopii Howard (Hym., Encyrtidae) on Planococcus lilacinus and P. citri (Homop., Pseudococcidae). Entomon, 20(1):23-26

Mani M, 1995. Studies on the natural enemies of oriental mealybug, Planococcus lilacinus (Ckll.) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in India. Journal of Entomological Research, 19(1):61-70

Mani M, Krishnamoorthy A, 1990. Predation of Mallada boninensis on Ferrisia virgata, Planococcus citri and P. lilacinus. Journal of Biological Control, 4(2):122-123

McKenzie HL, 1967. Mealybugs of California, with taxonomy, biology, and control of North American species (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae). viii+526 pp.

Nagarkatti S, Singh SP, Jayanth KP, Bhummannavar BS, 1992. Introduction and establishment of Leptomastix dactylopii How. against Planococcus spp. in India. Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 20(1):102-104

Noyes JS, Hayat M, 1994. Oriental mealybug parasitoids of the Anagyrini (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Wallingford, UK; CAB International, viii + 554 pp.

Pelley RH le, 1968. Pests of Coffee. London and Harlow, UK: Longmans, Green and Co Ltd.

Pillai GB, 1987. Integrated pest management in plantation crops. Journal of Coffee Research, 17(1):150-153

Prakasan CB, 1987. Biological control of coffee pests. Journal of Coffee Research, 17(1):114-117

Reddy KB, Prakasan CB, Bhat PK, Kumar AC, 1992. Establishment of Leptomastix dactylopii How. (Hym.: Encyrtidae) in Karnataka for control of Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hom.: Pseudococcidae) of coffee. Journal of Coffee Research, 22(1):37-44

Sekhar PS, 1964. Pests of coffee. In: Entomology in India. Indian Journal of Entomology, 99-109.

Shukla RP, Tandon PL, 1984. Indiainsect pests on custard apple. Plant Protection Bulletin, FAO, 32(1):31

Szent-Ivany JJH, Catley A, 1960. Host plant and distribution records of some insects in New Guinea and adjacent islands. Pacific Insects, 2:255-261.

Takahashi R, 1942. Report Government Agricultural Research Institute, Taiwan, 81:10.

Tandon PL, Verghese A, 1987. New insect pests of certain fruit crops. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 44(1-2):121-122

van der Goot P, 1917. De zwarte cacao-mier (Dolichoderus bituberculatus, Mayr.) en haar Beteekenis voor de cacaocultuur op Java, Meded. Proefst. Midden-Java, Salatiga, 25:142pp.

Watson GW, Cox JM, 1990. Identity of the African coffee root mealybug, with descriptions of two new species of Planococcus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 80(1):99-105

Williams DJ, 1982. The distribution of the mealybug genus Planococcus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Melanesia, Polynesia and Kiribati. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 72(3):441-455

Williams DJ, Granara de Willink MC, 1992. Mealybugs of Central and South America. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

Williams DJ, Matile-Ferrero D, Martin JH, 2001. The mealybug Planococcus lilacinus (Cockerell) in Africa (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Pseudococcidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 106(3):259-260.

Williams DJ, Watson GW, 1988. Scale insects of the tropical South Pacific region. Part 2. Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae). Wallingford, Oxon, UK; CAB International, 260 pp.

Distribution Maps

• = Present, no further details
• = Evidence of pathogen
• = Widespread
• = Last reported
• = Localised
• = Presence unconfirmed
• = Confined and subject to quarantine
• = See regional map for distribution within the country
• = Occasional or few reports

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