Phytophthora meadii (rubber leaf drop)

Pictures

Picture	Title	Caption	Copyright
Title Sporangia and oogonia Caption A, sporangia; B, oogonia with amphigynous antheridia and oospores, x 500. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria No. 834. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Copyright CAB International	Sporangia and oogonia	A, sporangia; B, oogonia with amphigynous antheridia and oospores, x 500. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria No. 834. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.	CAB International

Identity

Preferred Scientific Name

• Phytophthora meadii McRae

Preferred Common Name

• rubber leaf drop

International Common Names

• English: rubber black stripe; rubber pod rot
• French: chancre de l'hévéa

EPPO code

• PHYTMD (Phytophthora meadii)

Taxonomic Tree

• Domain: Eukaryota
•     Kingdom: Chromista
•         Phylum: Oomycota
•             Class: Oomycetes
•                 Order: Peronosporales
•                     Family: Peronosporaceae
•                         Genus: Phytophthora
•                             Species: Phytophthora meadii

Distribution Table

The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Host plants/Plants Affected

Growth Stages

List of Symptoms

Plant Trade

References

Ann PJ, 1992. Phytophthora diseases of ornamental plants in Araceae in Taiwan. Plant Pathology Bulletin, 1(2):79-89

Ann PJ, Tsai JN, Wang IT, Shi SD, Hwang JW, Liou RF, 2003. Phytophthora fruit rot of peach in Taiwan. Plant Pathology Bulletin, 12(3):181-190.

Aragaki M, Uchida JY, 1994. Phytophthora blight of West Indian holly. Plant Disease, 78(5):523-525

Bhai RS, Thomas J, 2000. Phytophthora rot - a new disease of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) in India. Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 9(1):73-75.

Bhai RS, Thomas J, Naidu R, 1994. Evaluation of carrier media for field application of Trichoderma sp. in cardamom growing soils. Journal of Plantation Crops, 22(1):50-52

Brasier CM, Griffin MJ, 1979. Taxonomy of 'Phytophthora palmivora' on cocoa. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 72(1):111-143

CABI/EPPO, 2014. Phytophthora meadii. [Distribution map]. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, No.October. Wallingford, UK: CABI, Map 548 (Edition 3).

Chowdappa P, Brayford D, Smith J, Flood J, 2003. .

Dantanarayana DM, Peries OS, Liyanage A de S, 1984. Taxonomy of Phytophthora species isolated from rubber in Sri Lanka. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 82(1):113-126

George MK, Edathil TT, 1975. Over-summering of Phytophthora causing abnormal leaf fall disease of rubber. Rubber Research Institute of India, Rubber Board Bulletin, 12:112-114.

Holliday P, 1995. Fungus Diseases of Tropical Crops, Dover edition. New York, USA: Dover Publications Inc.

IPPC, 2014. Absence of Phytophthora meadii from Australia. IPPC Official Pest Report, No. AUS-62/1. Rome, Italy: FAO. https://www.ippc.int/

Jayatissa HG, Liyanage NIS, Wijesundera RLC, 1994. Fungicides in the control of Phytophthora disease of rubber in Sri Lanka. Journal of the National Science Council of Sri Lanka, 22(1):7-13

Jose CT, Balasimha D, Kannan C, 2008. Yield loss due to fruit rot (Mahali) disease of arecanut in Karnataka. Indian Journal of Arecanut, Spices and Medicinal Plants, 10(2):45-51. http://dacnet.nic.in/spices

Liyanage A de S, 1985. Review of the Plant Pathology Department. Annual Review, 1984, Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka Agalawatta, Sri Lanka; Rubber Research Institute, 43-57

Liyanage A de S, Indranee Liyanage, Fernando EB, Dharmaratne A, 1984. Factors influencing the spread of bark rot in Hevea caused by Phytophthora meadii. Proceedings of the international rubber conference. 75 Years of rubber research in Sri Lanka, September 1984, Colombo. Volume 1 (part I) Agalawatta, Sri Lanka; Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka, 325-343

Liyanage A de S, Peries OS, Dharmaratne A, Dantanarayana DM, 1983. Effect of weather factors on disease establishment and sporulation of Phytophthora meadii on rubber pods. Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka, 61:41-48

Liyanage NIS, 1987. Phytophthora on rubber (Hevea brasiliensis): pathogen taxonomy, survival and disease control. PhD Thesis. London, UK: University of London.

Liyanage NIS, Wheeler BEJ, 1989. Comparative morphology of Phytophthora species on rubber. Plant Pathology, 38(4):592-597

Liyanage NIS, Wheeler BEJ, 1991. Survival of Phytophthora meadii in Sri Lankan soils. Plant Pathology, 40(3):436-444

Lloyd JH, 1963. The control of abnormal leaf fall disease (Phytophthora palmivora Butler) of hevea in Ceylon. Bulletin of the Rubber Research Institute of Ceylon, 57:1-67.

McCrae W, 1918. Phytophthora meadii n.sp. on Hevea brasiliensis. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in India, Botanical Series, 9:219-273.

Oudemans P, Coffey MD, 1991. A revised systematics of twelve papillate Phytophthora species based on isozyme analysis. Mycological Research, 95(9):1025-1046

Peries OS, 1973. A critical study of the use of weather data for the economic control of Hevea diseases. Quarterly Journal, Rubber Research Institute of Sri Lanka, 50(3/4):208-217

Peries OS, 1976. Factors affecting infection of Hevea bark by Phytophthora species with special reference to disease control. Proceedings, International Rubber Conference, Vol. III. Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, 199-212

Peries OS, Dantanarayana DM, 1975. Physiologic specialization of Phytophthora meadii affecting Hevea in Sri Lanka. Plant Disease Reporter, 59(3):252-254

Rajalakshmy VK, Joseph A, Arthassery S, 1985. Occurrence of two mating groups in Phytophthora meadii causing abnormal leaf fall disease of rubber in South India. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 85(4):723-726

Ramakrishnan TS, 1961. Experiments on the control of abnormal leaf fall of Hevea, caused by Phytophthora palmivora in South India. In: Proceedings of the Natural Rubber Research Conference, Kuala Lumpur 1960, 454-466.

Sansome E, Brasier CM, Hamm PB, 1991. Phytophthora meadii may be a species hybrid. Mycological Research, 95(3):273-277

Sastry MNL, Hegde RK, 1987. Pathogenic variation in Phytophthora species affecting plantation crops. Indian Phytopathology, 40(3):365-369

Sastry MNL, Hegde RK, 1989. Survival of Phytophthora meadii causing fruit-rot of arecanut. Indian Phytopathology, 42(4):573-574

Sastry MNL, Hegde RK, 1989. Variability of Phytophthora species obtained from plantations of Karnataka. Indian Phytopathology, 42(3):421-425

Stamps JD, 1985. Phytophthora meadii. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria No. 834. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

Thankamma L, 1983. Phytophthora species on eight indigenous host species in south India and their pathogenicity on rubber. Indian Phytopathology, 36(1):17-23

Thankamma L, Rajalaksmi VK, Pillai PNR, 1976. Mode of entry of Phytophthora in Hevea brasiliensis. Proceedings, International Rubber Conference, Vol. III. Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, 213-216

Thomas J, Bhai RS, Naidu R, 1989. Comparative efficacy of fungicides against Phytophthora rot of small cardamom. Pesticides, 23(9):40-42; 14 ref.

Tsao PH, Ocana G, 1969. Selective isolation of species of Phytophthora from natural soils on an improved antibiotic medium. Nature, 223:636-638.

Turner PD, Myint U-H, 1980. Rubber diseases in Burma. FAO Plant Protection Bulletin, 28(3):85-91

Waterhouse GM, 1963. Key to the species of Phytophthora de Bary. Mycological Papers (CMI), 92:1-22.

Waterhouse GM, 1974. Phytophthora palmivora and some related species. In: Gregory PH, ed. Phytophthora Disease of Cocoa. London, UK: Longman, 51-70.

Zheng XB, Lu JY, 1989. Studies on Phytophthora species in Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu provinces and Shanghai, China. Acta Mycologica Sinica, 8(3):161-168

Distribution Maps

• = Present, no further details
• = Evidence of pathogen
• = Widespread
• = Last reported
• = Localised
• = Presence unconfirmed
• = Confined and subject to quarantine
• = See regional map for distribution within the country
• = Occasional or few reports

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