Phytophthora botryosa (hevea phytophthora leaf fall)

Pictures

Picture	Title	Caption	Copyright
Title Sporangia and oogonia Caption A, sporangia; B, oogonia with amphigynous antheridia and oospores, x 500. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria No. 835. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Copyright CAB International	Sporangia and oogonia	A, sporangia; B, oogonia with amphigynous antheridia and oospores, x 500. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria No. 835. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.	CAB International

Identity

Preferred Scientific Name

• Phytophthora botryosa Chee, 1969

Preferred Common Name

• hevea phytophthora leaf fall

International Common Names

• English: rubber black stripe; rubber leaf drop; rubber pod rot

Local Common Names

• Germany: Blattfall: Hevea

EPPO code

• PHYTBO (Phytophthora botryosa)

Taxonomic Tree

• Domain: Eukaryota
•     Kingdom: Chromista
•         Phylum: Oomycota
•             Class: Oomycetes
•                 Order: Peronosporales
•                     Family: Peronosporaceae
•                         Genus: Phytophthora
•                             Species: Phytophthora botryosa

Distribution Table

The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Host plants/Plants Affected

Growth Stages

List of Symptoms

Plant Trade

References

Chee KH, 1969a. Variability of Phytophthora species from Hevea brasiliensis. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 52:425-436.

Chee KH, 1969b. Leaf fall due to Phytophthora botryosa. Planters' Bulletin of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaya, 104:190-198.

Chee KH, 1969c. Phytophthora leaf disease in Malaysia. Journal of the Rubber Institute of Malaya, 21:79-87.

Chee KH, 1973. Phenotypic differences among single-oospore cultures of Phtophthora palmivora and P. botryosa from Hevea brasiliensis. Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata, 50:275-292.

Chee KH, Greenwood JMF, 1968. Phytophthora leaf fall and pod rot of Hevea brasiliensis in Thailand. FAO Plant Protection Bulletin, 16:1-5.

Chee KH, Hashim M, 1971. Pathogenicity to some cultivated plants of Phytophthora palmivora and P. botryosa from Hevea brasiliensis. Malaysian Agricultural Journal, 48:54-56.

Chee KH, Lim TM, Wastie RL, 1967. An outbreak of Phytophthora leaf fall and pod rot on Hevea brasiliensis in Malaysia. Plant Disease Reporter, 51:443-446.

Chee KH, Wastie RL, 1970. Blackpod disease of cacao. Planter, Kuala Lumpur, 46:294-297.

Holliday P, 1995. Fungus Diseases of Tropical Crops, Dover edition. New York, USA: Dover Publications Inc.

Lim TM, 1982. Recent developments in the chemical control of rubber leaf diseases in Malaysia. Proceedings of the International Conference on Plant Protection in the Tropics Malaysian Plant Protection Society Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, 219-231

Lim TM, 1982a. Fogging as a technique for controlling rubber leaf diseases in Malaysia and Brazil. Planter, Kuala Lumpur, 58:197-212.

Liyanage NIS, Wheeler BEJ, 1989. Comparative morphology of Phytophthora species on rubber. Plant Pathology, 38(4):592-597

Oudemans P, Coffey MD, 1991. A revised systematics of twelve papillate Phytophthora species based on isozyme analysis. Mycological Research, 95(9):1025-1046

Pillay PNR, Chee KH, 1968. Susceptibility of hevea rubber clones to leaf disease caused by two species of Phytophthora. FAO Plant Protection Bulletin, 16:49-51.

Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia, 1981. Annual Report, 1980, Kuala Lumpur: Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia, 38-41.

Stamps DJ, 1985. Phytophthora botryosa. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria, No. 835. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

Tan AM, 1983. A new fungicide for the control of black stripe. Planters' Bulletin of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia, 174:13-16.

Tan AM, 1990. New recommendations for the control of black stripe. Planters' Bulletin Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia, No. 202:14-17

Tsao PH, Ocana G, 1969. Selective isolation of species of Phytophthora from natural soils on an improved antibiotic medium. Nature, 223:636-638.

Tsao PH, Tummakate A, Bhavakul K, 1976. Recovery of Phytophthora species from old, badly decayed, infected tissues of Hevea brasiliensis. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 66(3):557-558

UK CAB International, 1980. Phytophthora botryosa. [Distribution map]. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, April (Edition 1). Wallingford, UK: CAB International, Map 534.

Wastie RL, 1973. Influence of weather on the incidence of Phytophthora leaf all of Hevea brasiliensis in Malaysia. Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaya, 23(5):381-390

Wastie RL, 1975. Diseases of rubber and their control. PANS, 21(3):268-288

Wastie RL, Chee KH, Lim TM, 1973. Screening clones of Hevea brasiliensis for disease resistance - a review. Planter, Kuala Lumpur, 49(565):164-169

Waterhouse GM, 1963. Key to the species of Phytophthora de Bary. Mycological Papers (CMI), 92:1-22.

Waterhouse GM, 1974. Other Phytophthora species recorded on cacao. In: Gregory PH, ed. Phytophthora Disease of Cocoa. London, UK: Longman, 71-79.

Webster CC, Baulkwill WJ, 1989. Rubber. Harlow, UK: Longman Scientific & Technical, 614 pp.

Zheng XB, Lu JY, 1989. Studies on Phytophthora species in Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu provinces and Shanghai, China. Acta Mycologica Sinica, 8(3):161-168

Distribution Maps

• = Present, no further details
• = Evidence of pathogen
• = Widespread
• = Last reported
• = Localised
• = Presence unconfirmed
• = Confined and subject to quarantine
• = See regional map for distribution within the country
• = Occasional or few reports

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