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Datasheet

Phyllosticta solitaria (apple blotch)

Index

Summary

  • Last modified
  • 20 January 2015
  • Datasheet Type(s)
  • Pest
  • Preferred Scientific Name
  • Phyllosticta solitaria
  • Preferred Common Name
  • apple blotch
  • Taxonomic Tree
  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Fungi
  •         Phylum: Ascomycota
  •             Subphylum: Pezizomycotina
  •                 Class: Dothideomycetes

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Pictures

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PictureTitleCaptionCopyright
Apple blotch on apple fuit.
TitleSymptoms
CaptionApple blotch on apple fuit.
CopyrightT.B. Sutton
Apple blotch on apple fuit.
SymptomsApple blotch on apple fuit.T.B. Sutton

Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

  • Phyllosticta solitaria Ellis & Everh.

Preferred Common Name

  • apple blotch

Other Scientific Names

  • Phyllostictina solitaria (Ellis & Everh.) Shear

International Common Names

  • English: blotch of apple
  • French: blotch du pommier

Local Common Names

  • Germany: Russfleckenkrankheit des Apfels

EPPO code

  • PHYSSL (Phyllosticta solitaria)

Taxonomic Tree

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  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Fungi
  •         Phylum: Ascomycota
  •             Subphylum: Pezizomycotina
  •                 Class: Dothideomycetes
  •                     Order: Botryosphaeriales
  •                         Family: Botryosphaeriaceae
  •                             Genus: Phyllosticta
  •                                 Species: Phyllosticta solitaria

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

CountryDistributionLast ReportedOriginFirst ReportedInvasiveReferencesNotes

NORTH AMERICA

CanadaRestricted distribution1963Ginns, 1986; EPPO, 2014
-New BrunswickPresentGinns, 1986; EPPO, 2014
USARestricted distributionFarr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014
-AlabamaPresentFarr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014
-FloridaPresentFarr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014
-IllinoisPresentFarr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014
-IndianaPresentFarr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014
-IowaPresentFarr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014
-KansasPresentFarr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014
-MarylandPresentFarr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014
-MississippiPresentFarr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014
-NebraskaPresentUK CAB International, 1996; EPPO, 2014
-New JerseyPresentFarr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014
-North CarolinaPresentFarr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014
-OhioPresentFarr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014
-OklahomaPresentFarr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014
-TexasPresentFarr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014
-WashingtonPresentFarr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014
-West VirginiaPresentFarr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014
-WisconsinPresentFarr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014

EUROPE

DenmarkAbsent, formerly presentEPPO, 2014

Host plants/Plants Affected

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Plant nameFamilyContext
Crataegus (hawthorns)RosaceaeWild host
Malus coronaria (sweet crab-apple)RosaceaeWild host
Malus domestica (apple)RosaceaeMain

Growth Stages

Top of pageFruiting stage, Vegetative growing stage

List of Symptoms

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SignLife StagesType

Fruit

abnormal shape
lesions: scab or pitting

Leaves

abnormal leaf fall
necrotic areas

Stems

canker on woody stem

Plant Trade

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Plant parts liable to carry the pest in trade/transportPest stagesBorne internallyBorne externallyVisibility of pest or symptoms
Fruits (inc. pods)fruiting bodies; hyphaeYesYesPest or symptoms usually visible to the naked eye
Leavesfruiting bodies; hyphaeYesYesPest or symptoms usually visible to the naked eye
Seedlings, Micropropagated plantsfruiting bodies; hyphaeYesYesPest or symptoms usually invisible
Stems (above ground), Shoots, Trunks, Branchesfruiting bodies; hyphaeYesYesPest or symptoms usually visible to the naked eye
Plant parts not known to carry the pest in trade/transport
Bark
Bulbs, Tubers, Corms, Rhizomes
Flowers, Inflorescences, Cones, Calyx
Growing medium accompanying plants
Roots
True seeds (inc. grain)
Wood

References

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Biggs AR, 1995. Detection of latent infections in apple fruit with paraquat. Plant Disease, 79(10):1062-1067

Brown AG, Janick J, Moore JN, 1975. Apples. In: Advances in fruit breeding. Temperate fruits. West Lafayette, USA: Purdue University Press.

Burgert IA, 1934. Some factors influencing germination of the spores of Phyllosticta solitaria. Phytopathology 24:384-396.

EPPO, 2014. PQR database. Paris, France: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. http://www.eppo.int/DATABASES/pqr/pqr.htm

Farr DF, Bills GF, Chamuris GP, Rossman AY, 1989. Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. St. Paul, Minnesota, USA: APS Press, 1252 pp.

Gardner MW, 1923. Origin and control of apple blotch cankers. Journal of Agricultural Research 25:403-418.

Gardner MW, Greene L, Baker CE, 1923. Apple blotch. Bulletin of Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station No. 267.

Ginns JH, 1986. Compendium of plant disease and decay fungi in Canada, 1960-1980. Ottawa, Canada; Canadian Government Publishing Centre1813:416..

Guba EF, 1924. Phyllosticta leaf spot, fruit spot and canker of the apple; its etiology and control. Phytopathology 14:234-237.

Johansen G, 1948. Fungal infections of particular interest. Maanedlig Oversigt over Sygdommer i Kulturplanter No. 300, 102-104.

McClintock JA, 1930. The longevity of Phyllosticta solitaria on apple seedlings held in cold storage. Phytopathology 20:841-843.

OEPP/EPPO, 1999. EPPO Standards PM 1/2(8) EPPO A1 and A2 lists of quarantine pests. In: EPPO Standards PM 1, General Phytosanitary Measures. Paris, France: EPPO, 5-17.

OEPP/EPPO, 1999b. EPPO Standards PM 4/27 Certification scheme for pathogen-tested material of Malus, Pyrus and Cydonia. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 29:239-252.

Roberts JW, Pierce L, 1926. Apple blotch. Farmer's Bulletin, US Department of Agriculture No. 1479, pp. 1-11.

Rolfs FM, 1942. Apple blotch. Bulletin of Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station B261, pp. 1-15.

Salazar PH, 1998. Analysis of the actual state of the phytopathological problems of apple trees in the Caldas department. Fitopatologia Colombiana, 22(1-2):13-18.

Smith IM, McNamara DG, Scott PR, Holderness M, 1997. Quarantine pests for Europe. Second Edition. Data sheets on quarantine pests for the European Union and for the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. Quarantine pests for Europe. Second Edition. Data sheets on quarantine pests for the European Union and for the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization., Ed. 2:vii + 1425 pp.; many ref.

Strubble FB, Morrison LS, 1961. Control of apple blotch with fungicides. Plant Disease Reporter, 45:441-443.

Talbert TB, 1924. Apple blotch control in Missouri. Circular of the Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station No. 124, 1-8.

UK CAB International, 1996. Phyllosticta solitaria. [Distribution map]. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, December (Edition 1). Wallingford, UK: CAB International, Map 713.

van der Aa HA, 1973. Studies in Phyllosticta. I. Studies in Mycology, 5:79-81.

Yoder KS, 1990. Blotch. In: Jones AL, Aldwinckle HS (eds) Compendium of apple and pear diseases. St Paul, USA: American Phytopathological Society, 26-27.

Distribution Maps

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Distribution map Canada: Restricted distribution Ginns, 1986; EPPO, 2014Canada See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA: Restricted distribution Farr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014USA: Restricted distribution Farr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014USA See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA See regional map for distribution within the country
  • = Present, no further details
  • = Evidence of pathogen
  • = Widespread
  • = Last reported
  • = Localised
  • = Presence unconfirmed
  • = Confined and subject to quarantine
  • = See regional map for distribution within the country
  • = Occasional or few reports
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Distribution map (asia)
Distribution map (europe)
Distribution map (africa)
Distribution map (north america) Canada: Restricted distribution Ginns, 1986; EPPO, 2014New Brunswick: Present Ginns, 1986; EPPO, 2014USA: Restricted distribution Farr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014Alabama: Present Farr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014Florida: Present Farr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014Iowa: Present Farr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014Illinois: Present Farr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014Indiana: Present Farr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014Kansas: Present Farr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014Maryland: Present Farr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014Mississippi: Present Farr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014North Carolina: Present Farr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014Nebraska: Present UK CAB International, 1996; EPPO, 2014New Jersey: Present Farr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014Ohio: Present Farr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014Oklahoma: Present Farr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014Texas: Present Farr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014Washington: Present Farr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014Wisconsin: Present Farr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014West Virginia: Present Farr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014
Distribution map (central america) USA: Restricted distribution Farr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014Florida: Present Farr et al., 1989; EPPO, 2014
Distribution map (south america)
Distribution map (pacific)

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