References
Top of pageAlford DV, 1984. A Colour Atlas of Fruit Pests. Their Recognition, Biology and Control. London, UK: Wolfe Publishing Ltd, 320 pp.
Arn H, Tóth M, Priesner E, 1986. List of sex pheromones of Lepidoptera and related attractants. OILB-SROP, 123pp.
Askew RR, Shaw MR, 1974. An account of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) parasitising leaf-mining insects of decidious trees in Britain. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 6:289-335.
Baggiolini M, Keller E, Milaire HG, Steiner H, 1975. Guida per i Rilievi Periodici dei Nemici del Melo. Controllo Visuale. OILB-SROP Brochure no. 2.
Balázs K, 1997. The importance of parasitoids in apple orchards. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 15(1-4):123-129.
Balázs K, Molnar M, Bujáki G, Gonda I, Karácsony D, Bartha J, 1997. Possibility and problems of organic apple growing in Hungary. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 15(1-4):223-232.
Barrett BA, 1992. Attractiveness of colored sticky traps to adult spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (F.) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Journal of Agricultural Entomology, 9(3):211-216
Baufeld P, Freier B, 1990. On the damage of leaf miners in apple plantations and conclusions for control decisions. Nachrichtenblatt Pflanzenschutz, 44(8):173-177
Baumgartner J, Delucchi V, Genini M, 1981. Taxonomic characters and physiological responses to temperature and photoperiod of two Lithocolletis species mining apple leaves. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 54(3):245-255
Baumgartner J, Severini M, 1987. Microclimate and arthropod phenologies: the leaf miner Phyllonorycter blancardella F. (Lep.) as an example. Agrometeorology. 2nd International Cesena Agricultura Conference, Cesena, 8-9 October 1987 Cesena, Italy; Comune di Cesena, 225-243
Bellows TS Jr, Driesche RG van, Elkinton JS, 1992. Life-table construction and analysis in the evaluation of natural enemies. Annual Review of Entomology, No. 37:587-614
Bishop SD, Smith RF, Vincent C, Goulet H, Huber J, Gibson G, Sharkey M, Borden JH, 2001. Hymenopterous parasites associated with Phyllonorycter blancardella [Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae] in Nova Scotia and Quebec. Phytoprotection, 82(2):65-71.
Blackburn WJ, 1984. Use of models in apple pest management. Proceedings of the Thirty-first Annual Meeting, Canadian Pest Management Society, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 20-22 August, 1984 Canada; Canadian Pest Management Society, 144-149
Blommers L, Ziminski M, Vaal F, 1990. Preliminary observations on Holcothorax testaceipes, parasitoid of the apple leafminer Phyllonorycter blancardella. Proceedings of the Section Experimental and Applied Entomology of the Netherlands Entomological Society, No. 1:107-112
Blommers LHM, 1994. Integrated pest management in European apple orchards. Annual Review of Entomology, 39:213-241.
Blommers LHM, Waal FWNM, 1996. Natural control of tentiform leafminer Phyllonorycter blancardella in Dutch apple orchards. Bulletin OILB/SROP, 19(4):214-218; 10 ref.
Boucek Z, Askew RR, 1968. Index of entomophagous insects. Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea. Palaearctic Eulophidae. Le Francois, Paris, France.
Bradley JD, Jacobs NA, Tremewan WG, 1969. A key to the British and French species of Phyllonorycter Hübner (Lithocolletis Hübner) (Lep. Gracillariidae). Entomologist's Gazette, 20:3-33.
Buda V, Adomavichyute I, 1992. Search for an optimal mine distribution on host-plant leaves in three species within the genus Lithocolletis (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae). Acta Entomologica Lituanica, 10:36-45; 5 ref.
Canson B de, Faucon M, 1992. Hexaflumuron. 'Insect growth regulator' on pear and apple trees. Phytoma, No. 444:83-85
Casas J, 1991. Density dependent parasitism and plant architecture. Redia, 74(3, Appendix):217-222
Celli G, 1971. Economic threshold and percentage of parasitism in relation to infestations by Microlepidopterous leaf-miners of apple. Bollettino dell'Istituto di Entomologia della Universita degli Studi di Bologna, 30:311-322
Celli G, Burchi C, 1984. Leaf-drop in relation to the intensity of infestation by two leaf-miners of apple (Leucoptera scitella Zell., Lep. Lyonetiidae; Lithocolletis blancardella F., Lep. Gracilariidae). Bollettino dell'Istituto di Entomologia della Universita degli Studi di Bologna, 38:25-36
Ciampolini M, Suss L, Trematerra P, 1988. Phyllonorycter Hb. (Lepidoptera Gracillariidae) most frequent and injurious to Pomoidep and Prunoidep in Italy. Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachicoltura, 20:61-88
Corrigan JE, Bennett RG, 1987. Predation by Cheiracanthium mildei (Araneae, Clubionidae) on larval Phyllonorycter blancardella (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) in a greenhouse. Journal of Arachnology, 15(1):132-134; 6 ref.
D'Aguilar J, Celli D, Chambon JP, 1974. Parasites of leaf miners. Brochure, Section Regionale Ouest Palearctique, Organisation Internationale de Lutte Biologique contre les Animaux et les Plantes Nuisibles, No.3:71-79
Deschka G, 1988. Artanalyse zweier Phyllonorycter-blancardella-Pheromonfallen. Stapfia, 16:65-76.
Dimic N, 1984. Biotic and ecological factors as regulators of larval populations of Lithocolletis blancardella F. in the Sarajevo area. Radovi Poljoprivrednog Fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu, 32(36):75-90
Dimova M, 1988. Synthetic sex pheromone for monitoring the flight dynamics of the apple leafminer (Lithocolletis blancardella). Rasteniev"dni Nauki, 25(5):106-110
Driesche RG van, Elkinton JS, Bellows TS, 1994. Potential use of life tables to evaluate the impact of parasitism on population growth of Phyllonorycter crataegella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). In: CT Maier ed. Integrated Management of Tentiform Leafminers, Phyllonorycter spp. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), in North American apple orchards. Proceedings Thomas Say Publications in Entomology, Lanham MD, USA: Entomological Society of America. pp. 37-51.
Driesche RG van, Taub G, 1983. Impact of parasitoids on Phyllonorycter leafminers infesting apple in Massachusetts, USA. Protection Ecology, 5(4):303-317
Dutcher JD, Howitt AJ, 1978. Bionomics and control of Lithocolletis blancardella in Michigan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 71(5):736-738
Emmet AM, Watkinson IA, Wilson MR, 1985. Gracillariidae. In: Heath J, Emmet AM, eds. The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland. Volume 2. Colchester, UK: Harley Books, 460pp.
Esmaili M, 1972. Four species of leaf miners attacking deciduous fruit trees in Iran's Central Province. Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie, 69(4):407-415.
Frankenhuyzen A van, 1983. Zur Lebensweize und BekSmpfung der Apfelblattminiermotte, Phyllonorycter blancardella. Anz. SchSdlingsk. Pflanzensch. Umweltsch., 56:149-153.
Frankenhuyzen A van, 1992. Schadelijke en Nuttige Insekten en Mijten in Fruitgewassen. The Hague, The Netherlands: Nederlandse Fruittelers Organisatie.
Freier B, Gottwald R, Baufeld P, Karg W, Stephan S, 1992. Integrated plant protection in apple production - a manual. Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Bundesanstalt fur Land- und Forstwirtschaft Berlin-Dahlem, No. 278:141 pp.
Gagne RS, Barrett BA, 1994. Seasonal occurrence and density of Phyllonorycter spp. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) and major parasitoids in Missouri apple orchards. Environmental Entomology, 23(1):198-207
Galli P, Höhn H, 1992. Visuelle Kontrollen im Apfelanbau (4th revised and enlarged edition). IOBC-WPRS.
Ghizdavu I, Oprean I, Bodis I, 1990. Results and comments on the use of pheromone traps against Phyllonorycter blancardella F. Analele Institutului de Cercetari pentru Protectia Plantelor, Academia de Stiinte Agricole si Silvice, 23:107-119
Ghizdavu I, Oprean I, Bods I, Ghizdavu L, Ginsca L, 1987. Investigations on the control of the spotted dentiform leaf moth, Phyllonorycter blancardella F., by mass-trapping with pheromone traps. Buletinul Institutului Agronomic Cluj-Napoca, Agricultura, No. 41:95-98
Gries G, McBrien HL, Gries R, Li JX, Judd GJR, Slessor KN, Borden JH, Smith RF, Christie M, Troubridge JT, Wimalaratne PDC, Underhill EW, 1993. (E4,E10)-Dodecadienyl acetate: novel sex pheromone component of tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter mespilella (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 19(8):1789-1798
Hansson C, 1985. Taxonomy and biology of the Palaearctic species of Chrysocharis Forster, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement, 26:1-130.
Hering EM, 1951. Bestimmungstabellen der Blattminen von Europa. Band I-III. Gravenhage, Netherlands: Dr. W. Junk B.V.
Hogmire HW, Peterson DL, 1997. Pest control on dwarf apples with a tunnel sprayer. Crop Protection, 16(4):365-369; 7 ref.
Ishchenko RI, Kovalev BG, Kalyuzhnaya NB, 1996. Synthesis of dodec-10E-enyl acetate - the sex pheromone of Phyllonorycter blancardella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 32(1):77-79.
Isufi E, Myrta A, 1996. The defence of fruit trees in Albania: problems and prospects. Informatore Fitopatologico, 46(1):33-36; 5 ref.
Ivinskis P, 1993. Trophic relations and distribution of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) in Lithuania. Acta Entomologica Lituanica, 11:73-76.
Jenser G, Balßzs K, ErdTlyi C, Haltrich A, Kozßr F, Mark= V, Rßcz V, Samu F, 1997. The effect of an integrated pest management program on the arthropod populations in a Hungarian apple orchard. Zahradnictvi^acute~, 24(2):63-76; 16 ref.
Kadubowski W, 1981. The parasite complex of the leaf-miner Lithocolletis blancardella (F.) (Lepidoptera, Gracilariidae) in western Poland. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 51(4):493-499
Krnjajic S, Injac M, Peric P, Dulic K, Stamenov M, Graora D, 1993. Monitoring the flight of apple pests with pheromones. Zastita Bilja, 44(1):63-71
Laing JE, Heraty JM, 1981. Establishment in Canada of the parasite Apanteles pedias Nixon on the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.). Environmental Entomology, 10(6):933-935
Laing JE, Heraty JM, Corrigan JE, 1986. Leaf burial by the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochpta: Lumbricidae), as a major factor in the population dynamics of Phyllonorycter blancardella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) and its parasites. Environmental Entomology, 15(2):321-326
Laing JE, Heraty JM, Corrigan JE, 1986. Summer diapause in Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Ontario. Canadian Entomologist, 118(1):17-28
Landry JF, Wagner DL, 1995. Taxonomic review of apple-feeding species of Phyllonorycter Hnbner (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) in North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 97(3):603-625; 48 ref.
Lawson DS, Reissig WH, Nyrop JP, Brown SK, 1994. Management of arthropods on columnar apple trees using exclusionary cages. Crop Protection, 13(5):346-356
Maciesiak A, 1995. Leaf mining moths of apple and their control. Materiay ogo^acute~lnopolskiej konferencji naukowej Nauka Praktyce Ogrodniczej z okazji XXV-lecia Wydziau Ogrodniczego Akademii Rolniczej w Lublinie., 351-354; 12 ref.
Maier CT, 1983. Relative abundance of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (F.), and the apple blotch leafminer, P. cratpgella (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), on sprayed and unsprayed apple trees in Connecticut. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 76(6):992-995
Maier CT, 1984. Abundance and phenology of parasitoids of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), in Connecticut. Canadian Entomologist, 116(3):443-449
Maier CT, 1993. Inoculative Release and Establishment of Holcothorax testacepies (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae), a Palaearctic agent for the biological control of Phyllonorycter spp. (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) in Connecticut Apple Orchards. Journal of Economic Entomology, 86(4):1069-1077.
Medvedev GS, 1990. Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the USSR. Vol. IV, Lepidoptera Part II. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
Mey W, 1988. Laboratory investigations on the influence of insecticides and acaricides on parasitoids of mining moths. Archiv fur Phytopathologie und Pflanzenschutz, 24(3):237-243
Minoiu N, Boaru M, 1989. Utilisation of some synthetic insect pheromones in orchards of north-eastern Transylvania. Probleme de Protectia Plantelor, 17(4):337-346
Niemczyk E, 1992. Integrated methods for pests and diseases control in Polish apple orchards. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 27(1-4 part II):491-495
Nyrop JP, Reissig WH, Agnello AM, Kovach J, 1990. Development and evaluation of a control decision rule for first-generation spotted tentiform leafminer (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in New York apple orchards. Environmental Entomology, 19(5):1624-1638
Olivella E, 1997. Estudi comparatiu de les espFcies de microlepid=pters minadores de fulles presents als conreus de pomera de la plana de Lleida (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae, Lyonetiidae). Treballs de la Societat Catalana de Lepidopterologia, 14(1995-1996):7-25.
Olivella E, 1997. Phyllonorycter mespilella (Hübner, (1805)) new species for the Iberian fauna (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 25(97):37-42.
Oppenheim D, Palevsky E, Horovitz I, Shaltiel L, Reuveny H, Aconis O, 1997. The influence of poison-free pest management on the fauna of arthropod pests and their natural enemies in an apple orchard at Havat Matityahu, Israel, during the seasons of 1994-96. Alon Hanotea, 51(8):346-356; 16 ref.
Pasqualini E, 1993. Evolution of pest populations in Emilia-Romagna and methods of their control. Informatore Agrario, 49(Supplement No. 14):11-14.
Paternotte E, 1994. Plant protection tips for the summer period. Fruitteelt-nieuws, 7(11):23-25
Paternotte E, 1997. Summer pests of apple and pear trees. Fruitteelt-nieuws, 10(14):35-36.
Peltotalo P, Tuovinen T, 1986. Specificity of pheromone preparates for lepidopterous pests. Annales Agriculturae Fenniae, 25(2):139-146
Plaut HN, 1975. Overwintering in Israel of Lithocolletis blancardella Fabricius (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) and some of its parasites (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) on apple (1972/73 and 1974/75). Alon Hanote'a, 29(11):525-529
Pottinger RP, LeRoux EJ, 1971. The biology and dynamics of Lithocolletis blancardella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Memoirs Entomological Society of Canada, 77:1-437.
Pree DJ, Archibald DE, Cole KJ, 1990. Insecticide resistance in spotted tentiform leafminer (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): Mechanisms and management. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83(3):678-685
Pree DJ, Hagley EAC, Simpson CM, Hikichi A, 1980. Resistance of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), to organophosphorus insecticides in southern Ontario. Canadian Entomologist, 112(5):469-474
Pree DJ, Marshall DB, Whitty KJ, Archibald DE, 1994. Management of insecticide resistance in Phyllonorycter spp. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) and effects on their parasitoids. In: CT Maier ed. Integrated Management of Tentiform Leafminers, Phyllonorycter spp. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), in North American apple orchards. Proceedings Thomas Say Publications in Entomology, Lanham MD, USA: Entomological Society of America. pp. 53-66.
Reissig WH, Weires RW, Forshey CG, 1982. Effects of gracillariid leafminers on apple tree growth and production. Environmental Entomology, 11(4):958-963
Ridgway NM, Mahr DL, 1985. Natural enemies of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), in sprayed and unsprayed apple orchards in Wisconsin. Environmental Entomology, 14(4):459-463
Rock GC, Stinner RE, Bacheler JE, Hull LA, Hogmire HW Jr, 1993. Predicting geographical and within-season variation in male flights of four fruit pests. Environmental Entomology, 22(4):716-725
Roelofs WL, Reissig WH, Weires RW, 1977. Sex attractant for the spotted tentiform leaf miner moth, Lithocolletis blancardella. Environmental Entomology, 6(3):373-374
Schmaedick MA, Nyrop JP, 1995. Method for sampling arthropod pests with uncertain phenology with application to spotted tentiform leafminer (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 88(4):875-889
Sekita N, Yamada M, 1979. Studies on the population of the apple leaf miner Phyllonorycter ringoniella Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Lithocolletidae) III. Some analyses of the mortality factors operating upon the population. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 14(2):137-148
Sepros I, Bako Z, 1989. New data to the distribution of apple leaf miners (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Hungary (1987-1988). Novenyvedelem, 25(2):91-93
Surina M, 1995. Guidelines for biological evaluation of crop protection products. Part II. Pests and diseases in orchards. Agrochemia-Bratislava, 35(9-10):184-201.
Thistlewood HMA, 1991. A survey of predatory mites in Ontario apple orchards with diverse pesticide programs. Canadian Entomologist, 123(6):1163-1174
Trimble RM, 1983. Diapause termination and the thermal requirements for postdiapause development in six Ontario populations of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Canadian Entomologist, 115(4):387-392
Trimble RM, 1983. Reliability of degree-day indices for predicting spring emergence of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), in Ontario. Canadian Entomologist, 115(4):393-398
Trimble RM, 1986. Assessment of a sex-attractant trap for monitoring the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): relationship between male and female emergence and between trap catches and emergence. Canadian Entomologist, 118(12):1241-1253
Trimble RM, 1986. Effect of temperature on oviposition and egg development in the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Canadian Entomologist, 118(8):781-787
Trimble RM, 1994. Conservation of Pholetesor ornigis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of Phyllonorycter blancardella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Ontario. In: CT Maier ed. Integrated Management of Tentiform Leafminers, Phyllonorycter spp. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), in North American apple orchards. Proceedings Thomas Say Publications in Entomology, Lanham MD, USA: Entomological Society of America. pp. 25-36.
Trimble RM, Hagley EAC, 1988. Evaluation of mass trapping for controlling the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Canadian Entomologist, 120(2):101-107
Viggiani G, 1963. Contributi alla conoscenza degli insetti fitofagi minatori e loro simionti. III. Reperti etologici sulla Lithocolletis blancardella F. in Campania e studio morfo-biologico dei suoi entomoparassiti. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria Filippo Silvestri di Portici, 21:1-62.
Villanueva R, Harmsen R, 1996. Ecological interactions of tarsonemid mites in apple orchards: predation of apple rust mite and use of Phyllonorycter blancardella mines. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 127:99-106; 14 ref.
Vincent C, Chouinard G, Bostanian NJ, Morin Y, 1997. Peripheral-zone treatments for plum curculio management: validation in commercial apple orchards. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 84(1):1-8; 21 ref.
Vincent C, Mailloux M, Hagley EAC, 1986. Nonsticky pheromone-baited traps for monitoring the spotted tentiform leafminer (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 79(6):1666-1670
Voerman S, Herrebout WM, 1978. A sex attractant for the leaf miner moth Lithocolletis corylifoliella and its influence on that of L. blancardella (Lep., Gracillariidae). Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 23(1):96-98
Vogt H, 1997. The importance of using selective insecticides again key pests in apple orchards to preserve the parasitoid fauna of leafminers. Entomological Research in Organic Agriculture, 17:241-48.
Vrkoc J, 1989. Use of Insect Pheromones in Integrated Pest Management: examples from Czechoslovakia. Chemica Scripta, 29:407-410.
Walgenbach JF, Gorsuch CS, Horton DL, 1990. Adult phenology and management of spotted tentiform leafminer (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83(3):985-994
Wang T, Laing JE, 1989. Diapause termination and morphogenesis of Holcothorax testaceipes Ratzeburg (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an introduced parasitoid of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (F.) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Canadian Entomologist, 121(1):65-74
Wang T, Laing JE, 1989. Reproductive biology of Holcothorax testaceipes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and its effect on development of the host, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 120:35-41; 14 ref.
Weires RW, Davis DR, Leeper JR, Reissig WH, 1980. Distribution and parasitism of gracillariid leafminers on apple in the northeast. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 73(5):541-546
Weires RW, Leeper JR, Reissig WH, Lienk SE, 1982. Toxicity of several insecticides to the spotted tentiform leafminer (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) and its parasite, Apanteles ornigis. Journal of Economic Entomology, 75(4):680-684
Weiss A, Vogt H, 1994. Populationsdynamik und Parasitierung von Miniermotten am Apfel im AbhSngigkeit von biologischen und chemischen Pflanzenschutzmassnahmen. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für allgemeine und angewandte Entomologie, 9:379-388.
Zerova, MD, Tolkanitz VI, Kotenko AG, Narolsky NB, Fursov VN, Kononova SV, Farinetz SI, Nikitenko GN, Melika GG, Sviridov SV, 1991. Entomophages of Pests of Apple Trees in the South-west Region of the Ukraine. Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 276pp.