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Datasheet

Parlatoria oleae (olive scale)

Summary

  • Last modified
  • 25 April 2014
  • Datasheet Type(s)
  • Pest
  • Preferred Scientific Name
  • Parlatoria oleae
  • Preferred Common Name
  • olive scale
  • Taxonomic Tree
  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Metazoa
  •         Phylum: Arthropoda
  •             Subphylum: Uniramia
  •                 Class: Insecta
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    Compendia
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    UK
    compend@cabi.org
  • Distribution mapMore information

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Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

  • Parlatoria oleae (Colvée)

Preferred Common Name

  • olive scale

Other Scientific Names

  • Diaspis oleae Colvee, 1880
  • Diaspis squamosus Newstead & Theobald in Theobald, 1904
  • Parlatorea oleae (Colvée) Lindinger, 1912
  • Parlatoria affinis Newstead, 1897
  • Parlatoria calianthina Berlese & Leonardi, 1896
  • Parlatoria judaica Bodenheimer, 1924
  • Parlatoria morrisoni Bodenheimer, 1944
  • Parlatoria oleae Leonardi, 1920
  • Syngenaspis oleae MacGillivray, 1921

International Common Names

  • English: olive parlatoria scale (Europe)
  • Spanish: cochinilla violeta del olivo (Argentina)

Local Common Names

  • Egypt: plum scale
  • Germany: Schildlaus, Graue Obstbaumlöffel-
  • Israel: knimat haparlatoria shel hazayt
  • Turkey: zeytin kabuklu biti

EPPO code

  • PARLOL (Parlatoria oleae)

Taxonomic Tree

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  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Metazoa
  •         Phylum: Arthropoda
  •             Subphylum: Uniramia
  •                 Class: Insecta
  •                     Order: Hemiptera
  •                         Suborder: Sternorrhyncha
  •                             Superfamily: Coccoidea
  •                                 Family: Diaspididae
  •                                     Genus: Parlatoria
  •                                         Species: Parlatoria oleae

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

CountryDistributionLast ReportedOriginFirst ReportedInvasiveReferencesNotes

ASIA

AfghanistanRestricted distributionRamaseshiah, 1985; Fowjhan & Kozar, 1994
BangladeshPresentNHM, 1981
ChinaRestricted distributionTang, 1984
-XinjiangRestricted distributionTang, 1984
Georgia (Republic of)Restricted distributionKozar et al., 1982; Yasnosh & Mindiashvili, 1972; Aleksidze et al., 1995
IndiaRestricted distributionHuffaker et al., 1962; Butani, 1975
-BiharPresentNHM, 1915
-Himachal PradeshPresentVerma & Dinabandhoo, 2005
-Indian PunjabPresentNHM, 1978
-Jammu and KashmirPresentNHM, 1923
-MaharashtraPresentNHM, pre-1940
-Uttar PradeshRestricted distributionHafaz, 1979; NHM, 1981
IranRestricted distributionHuffaker et al., 1962; Kaussari, 1970; Farahbakhch, 1979
IraqRestricted distributionSelim et al., 1981
IsraelRestricted distributionRosen, 1978; Gerson, 1977; Nestel et al., 1995; Pinhassi et al., 1996
JordanPresentNakahara, 1982
LebanonPresentNakahara, 1982
PakistanWidespreadNakahara, 1982
Saudi ArabiaPresentNakahara, 1982
SyriaPresentNakahara, 1982
TurkeyRestricted distributionKozar et al., 1979; Kozar et al., 1982; Kozar & Konstantinov, 1981
TurkmenistanRestricted distributionHuffaker et al., 1962; Myartseva, 1984; Myartseva, 1972

AFRICA

AlgeriaPresentNHM, 1978
EgyptRestricted distributionZaher et al., 1982; Moursi & Mesbah, 1985; El Hakim & Helmy, 1985
KenyaRestricted distributionRosen, 1978
LibyaPresentNHM, 1979
MoroccoPresentNHM, pre-1940
SudanPresentNakahara, 1982
TunisiaPresentMansour et al., 2011

NORTH AMERICA

MexicoRestricted distributionMiller, 1996
USA
-ArizonaRestricted distributionHuffaker et al., 1962; Kosztarab, 1996
-CaliforniaRestricted distributionHuffaker et al., 1962; Rosen, 1978; Ehler & Endicott, 1984; Kosztarab, 1996
-DelawareRestricted distributionKosztarab, 1996
-MarylandRestricted distributionKosztarab, 1996
-TexasRestricted distributionHart, 1980

SOUTH AMERICA

ArgentinaRestricted distributionHuffaker et al., 1962; Garcia, 1973; Mallea et al., 1972
BoliviaRestricted distributionSquire, 1972
BrazilRestricted distributionCosta, 1936

EUROPE

BulgariaRestricted distributionGomaa, 1978
CroatiaPresentMilek & ?imala, 2008
CyprusPresentNakahara, 1982; Sisman & Ülgentürk, 2010
Czechoslovakia (former)Restricted distributionKozar & Konstantinov, 1981
FranceRestricted distributionViggiani, 1978
-CorsicaPresentStreito et al., 2014
GreeceRestricted distributionViggiani, 1978; Paloukis, 1979; Argyriou & Kourmadas, 1981; Kozar & Konstantinov, 1981
HungaryRestricted distributionKozar & Konstantinov, 1981
ItalyRestricted distributionViggiani, 1978; Laccone, 1981; Scortichini, 1987; Vacante & Gerson, 1987; Viggiani, 1989
MaltaPresentNakahara, 1982
PolandRestricted distributionKozar & Konstantinov, 1981
PortugalPresentNakahara, 1982
Russian FederationPresentHuffaker et al., 1962; Kozar et al., 1982
SpainRestricted distributionAndres, 1979
UKPresentHuffaker et al., 1962
Yugoslavia (former)Restricted distributionVelimirovic, 1990

Growth Stages

Top of pageFlowering stage, Fruiting stage, Post-harvest, Vegetative growing stage

List of Symptoms

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SignLife StagesType

Fruit

abnormal shape
discoloration
external feeding
premature drop

Leaves

external feeding
wilting
yellowed or dead

Stems

dieback
external feeding

Whole plant

external feeding

Natural Enemies

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Natural enemyTypeLife stagesSpecificityReferencesBiological control inBiological control on
Anthemus aspidiotiParasite
Anthemus inconspicuusParasiteUSAshrubs
Aphytis africanusParasiteAbou-Elhagag, 2004
Aphytis chilensisParasite
Aphytis diaspidisParasiteAbou-Elhagag, 2004
Aphytis hispanicusParasite
Aphytis maculicornisParasiteAdults/NymphsRepublic of Georgia; USAolives; shrubs
Aphytis mytilaspidisParasite
Aphytis paramaculicornisParasiteAdults/NymphsCalifornia
Aphytis procliaParasiteAdults/Nymphs
Aphytis sp. nr. procliaParasiteAdults/NymphsUSAshrubs
Cheletogenes ornatusPredatorAdults/Nymphs
Chilocorus renipustulatusPredatorAdults/NymphsCalifornia; USA; TurkmenistanCitrus; shrubs
Coccophagoides utilisParasiteAdults/NymphsGreece; USSRshrubs
Encarsia aurantiiParasiteAbou-Elhagag, 2004
Encarsia lounsburyiParasite
Encarsia perniciosiParasite
Encarsia sp. nr. citrinaParasiteAdults/NymphsUSAshrubs
Eutogenes africanusPredator
Habrolepis rouxiParasiteUSAshrubs
Nephus bipunctatusPredatorAdults/NymphsTurkmenistanplums
Scymnus rubromaculatusPredatorAdults/NymphsTurkmenistanplums

References

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Abou-Elhagag GH, 2004. Abundance of olive scale insect, Parlatoria oleae Clovee (Homoptera: Diaspididae) and its parasitoids in Upper Egypt. Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 35(3):197-208.

Aleksidze G, 1995. Armored scale insects (Diaspididae), pests of fruit orchards and their control in the Republic of Georgia. Israel Journal of Entomology, 29:187-190; 9 ref.

Aleksidze G, Ascher KRS, Ben-Dov Y, 1995. Armored scale insects (Diaspididae), pests of fruit orchards and their control in the Republic of Georgia. Proceedings of VII International Symposium of Scale Insect Studies. Journal of Entomology, 29:187-190.

Andres Fde, 1979. Integrated control in the olive grove. Agricultura, Spain, 48(569):711-713, 716-717

Argyriou LC, Kourmadas AL, 1981. Contribution to the timing for the control of Diaspididae scales of olive trees. Annales de l'Institut Phytopathologique Benaki, 13(1):65-72

Barnes MM, Curtis RK, 1979. Present development of arthropod pest management in almond orchards of California. In: Boethel DJ, Eikenbary RD, ed. Pest management programs for deciduous tree fruits and nuts. Plenum Press. New York USA, 1-14

Boyce AM, 1952. Annual summary of progress report or year ending December 31, 1951. University of California, Department of Biological Control, Project 1066.

Butani DK, 1975. Insect pests of fruit crops and their control - 16: fig. Pesticides, 9(11):32-36

Colvee P, 1800. Ensayo sobre una neuva enfermedad del olivo, producida por una nueva especie del genero Aspidiotus. Spain. Min. Fomento, 14:21-41.

Costa Lima AM da, 1936. Terceiro Catalogo dos Insectos que Vivem nas Plantas do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Directoria de Estatistica da Produccao.

Ehler LE, Endicott PC, 1984. Effect of malathion-bait sprays on biological control of insect pests of olive, citrus, and walnut. Hilgardia, 52(5):47 pp.

El-Hakim AM, Helmy EI, 1982. Survey of and population studies on olive leaf pests in Egypt. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique d'Egypte, No. 64:213-220

El-Minshawy AM, El-Sawaf SK, Hammad SM, Donia A, 1974. Survey of the scale insects attacking fruit trees in Alexandria district. Part II. Fam. Diaspididae, subfam. Diaspidinae, tribe Diaspidini. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research, 22(2):265-273

Farahbakhch G, Moini M, 1975. Olive pests in Iran. Olive pests in Iran. Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Organisation, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Tehran Iran, Pe 1-73; en 1-14

FERRIS GF, 1937. Atlas of the Scale Insects of North America. Stanford Univ. Pr., Calif. ; London, H. Milford, 9 + [272] pp.

Fowjhan MA, Kozßr F, 1994. New data on the scale insect fauna (Homoptera: Coccoidea) of fruit plants in Afghanistan. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 29(3/4):343-347; 16 ref.

Garcia MF, 1973. Contribution to the biological study of Parlatoria oleae (Colvee) (Homoptera, Coccoidea, Diaspidinae). Revista de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, 5 (Patologia Vegetal), 10(1):1-53

Gerson U, 1977. The scale-insect Parlatoria pergandei Comstock and its natural enemies in Israel. Boletin del Servicio de Defensa contra Plagas e Inspeccion Fitopatologica, 3:21-53

Gill RJ, 1997. The scale insects of California. Part 3. The armoured scales (Homoptera: Diaspididae). Technical Series in Agricultural Biosystematics and Plant Pathology, No 3. Sacramento, USA: Department of Food and Agriculture.

Gokkes M, Eshel G, Tadmor U, 1989. Field trials for the control of chaff scale and Florida wax scale in citrus orchards with Tiger (pyriproxifen). Hassadeh, 69(11):2019

Gomaa EM, 1978. The violet oystershell scale. Rastitelna Zashchita, 26(11):30-32

Gomez-Menor Ortega J, 1956. Cochinillas que atacan a los frutales (Homoptera: Coccoidea: 1. Familia Diaspididae). Boletin de Patologia Vegetal y Entomologia Agricola, Madrid, 22:1-105.

Gomez-Menor Ortega J, 1968. Adiciones a los coccidos de Espana. EOS, Revista Espanola de Entomologia, Madrid, 43(3-4):541-563.

Habib A, Salama HS, Amin A, 1969. The biology of the plum scale, Parlatoria oleae (Colvee) (Coccoidea: Diaspididae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique d'Egypte, 53:283-297.

Hafat M, Salama HS, Amin A, 1969. The biology of the plum scale, Parlatoria oleae (Colvee) (Coccoidea: Diaspididae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique d'Egypte, 53:283-297.

Hafez M, Salama HS, Amin AH, 1967. Population dynamics of the plum scale, Parlatoria oleae (Colvee), in Egypt. Bulletin Society Entomology Egypte, 51:347-357.

Hart WG, 1980. Some biological control successes in the southern United States. Proceedings of the International Society of Citriculture, 1978. [publisher??], 154-156.

Hayat M, 1979. Notes on some Indian species of Azotus Howard and Coccophagoides Girault, with records of Mesidia Foerster and Prococcophagus Silvestri (Hym.: Aphelinidae). Journal of Natural History, 13(2):185-193

Huffaker CB, Kenneth CE, Tassan RL, 1986. Comparisons of parasitism and densities of Parlatoria oleae (1952-1982) in relation to ecological theory. American Naturalist, 128(3):379-393.

Huffaker CB, Kennett CE, Finney GL, 1962. Biological control of olive scale, Parlatoria oleae (Colvee), in California by imported Aphytis maculicornis (Masi) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Hilgardia, 32(13):541-636.

Huffaker CB, Kennett CE, Tassan RL, 1994. The biological control of olive scale, Parlatoria oleae (Colvee) by two aphelinid parasites. Advances in the study of Aphytis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) [edited by Rosen, D.] Andover, UK; Intercept Limited, 95-104

Imamkuliyev AG, 1969. The olive scale, Parlatoria oleae Colvee (Homoptera: coccoidea), in the Lenkoran district (Azerbaydzhan). Entomologie Obozrenie, 48(3):297-300.

Izhevskii SS, 1988. Results of the introduction into the USSR of natural enemies of harmful phytophagous insects. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 67(3):449-456

Jansen MGM, 1995. Scale insects (Homoptera: Coccinea) from import interceptions and greenhouses in the Netherlands. Israel Journal of Entomology, 29:131-146; 32 ref.

Kaussari M, 1970. Monograph of the Coccoidea of Iran. Tehran, Iran: Ministry of Agriculture.

Konstantinova GM, 1976. Coccids - pests of apple. Zashchita Rastenii, 12:49-50.

Kosztarab M, 1996. Scale Insects of North Eastern North America: identification, biology, and distribution. Martinsville, USA: Virginia Museum of Natural History, 650 pp.

Kosztarab M, Kozar F, 1988. Scale insects of Central Europe. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 455 pp.

Kozar F, Fowjhan MA, Zarrabi M, 1996. Check-list of Coccoidea and Aleyrodoidea (Homoptera) of Afghanistan and Iran, with additional data to the scale insects of fruit trees in Iran. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 31(1-2):61-74.

Kozár F, Konstantinova GM, 1981. The scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea) of deciduous fruit orchards in some European countries. (Survey of scale insect (Homoptera: Coccoidea) infestations in European orchards No. III.). Acta Phytopathologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 16(1/2):211-222.

Kozár F, Konstantinova GM, Akman K, Altay M, Kiroglu H, 1979. Distribution and density of scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea) on fruit plants in Turkey in 1976 (Survey of scale insect (Homoptera: Coccoidea) infestations in European orchards No. 11). Acta Phytopathologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 14(3/4):535-542

Kozßr F, Jasnosh VA, Konstantinova GM, 1982. Comparative evaluation of the distribution of scale-insects (Hom. Coccoidea) and their parasites in Georgia (USSR) and in Turkey. Survey of scale insect (Homoptera Coccoidea) infestations in European orchards, No. VI. Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie, 93(4):333-338

Laccone G, 1981. Parlatoria oleae Colv. (Hom. Coccidae-Diaspini) on olive in Apulia. Notes on biology and control tests. Informatore Fitopatologico, 31(1/2):73-76

Longo S, Marotta S, Pellizzari G, Russo A, Tranfaglia A, 1995. An annotated list of the scale insects (Homoptera: Coccidea) of Italy. Israel Journal of Entomology, 29:113-130.

Mallea AR, Macola GS, Garcia S JG, Bahamondes LA, Suarez JH, 1972. Etho-ecology of two important scale insects in Mendoza Argentina, Parlatoria oleae (Colv.) and Aspidiotus hederae (Vall.) (Homoptera-Diaspididae). Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 18(1):101-108

Mansour R, Mkaouar R, Lebdi KG, Suma P, Russo A, 2011. A survey of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) occurring on olives in Tunisia. Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research, 43(3):315-322. http://users.unimi.it/~agra/entomo/Bulletin.htm

McKenzie HL, 1945. A revision of Parlatoria and closely allied genera (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). Microentomology, 10:47-121.

McKenzie HL, 1952. Distribution and biological notes on the olive Parlatoria scale, Parlatoria oleae (Colvee), in California (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). The Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture, State of California, 3:127-138.

Milek TM, ?imala M, 2008. Results of four-year investigation (2005-2008) of scale insects genus Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) on olive trees. (Rezultati cetverogodi?njeg faunistickog istrazivanja (2005.-2008.) ?titastih u?i porodice diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) na maslini.) Glasilo Biljne Za?tite, 8(6):379-386.

Miller DR, 1996. Checklist of the scale insects (Coccoidea: Homoptera) of Mexico. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 98(1):68-86; 33 ref.

Moursi KS, Mesbah HA, 1985. Olive pests of irrigated-farm systems in the Egyptian western desert with special references to armoured scale insects. Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor, 23(2):901-911

Myartseva SN, 1972. The role of parasites and predators in keeping down the numbers of certain species of Coccidae and Aleyrodidae in Turkmenia. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Turkmenskoi SSR. Biologicheskikh Nauk, 6:77-80.

Myartseva SN, 1984. Natural enemies of the family Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) in Turkmenistan and scientific bases for their use in plant protection. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Turkmenskoi SSR, Biologicheskikh Nauk, No. 2:23-30

Nachev P, Grenchev G, 1987. Acarofauna hosted by some Coccidae occurring in Bulgaria. Pochvoznanie Agrokhimiya i Rastitelna Zashtita, 22(6):81-86.

Nakahara S, 1982. Checklist of the Armored Scales (Homoptera: Diapididae) of the Conterminous United States. Washington, USA: USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, 110 pp.

Nestel D, Cohen H, Saphir N, Klein M, Mendel Z, 1995. Spatial distribution of scale insects: comparative study using Taylor's power law. Environmental Entomology, 24(3):506-512

Oppenheim D, Lindman N, 1993. A preliminary study on the ecology and chemical control of the pear psylla, Cacopsylla bidens (Sulc), in the Upper Galilee, Israel. Alon Hanotea, 47(7):335, 337-343

Paloukis SS, 1979. The most important scale insects of fruit trees in northern Greece. Plant Protection Institute. Thessaloniki Greece, 148 pp.

Pinhassi N, Nestel D, Rosen D, 1996. Oviposition and emergence of olive scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) crawlers: regional degree-day forecasting model. Environmental Entomology, 25(1):1-6; 23 ref.

Ramaseshiah G, 1985. Fruit pests and their natural enemies in Afghanistan. FAO Plant Protection Bulletin, 33(1):19-25

Rosen D, 1978. The importance of cryptic species and specific identifications as related to biological control. Beltsville symposia in agricultural research. (2). Biosystematics in agriculture. Invited papers presented at a symposium held May 8-11, 1977 at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC), Beltsville, Maryland 20705. Allanheld, Osmun & Co. Inc. New York USA, 23-35

Rosen D, 1986. Methodologies and strategies of pest control in citriculture. In: Integrated pest control in citrus-groves. Balkema, Rotterdam, 521-530.

Saboori A, Çobanoglu S, 2010. A new species of larval Erythraeus and a new record of larval Grandjeanella (Acari: Erythraeidae) from Turkey. International Journal of Acarology, 36(3):249-253. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01647951003636405

Scortichini M, 1987. The mastic tree. Rivista di Frutticoltura e di Ortofloricoltura, 49(1):35-40

Selim AA, Swailem SM, Amin AH, 1981. Within-tree distribution and seasonal abundance of the olive psyllid, Euphyllura olivina (Costa) in the Mosul region of northern Iraq. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture, 16(1):129-136

Sisman S, Ülgentürk S, 2010. Scale insects species (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 34(2):219-224. http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/

Squire FA, 1972. General insect pests. Entomological problems in Bolivia. PANS, 18:251-252.

Stafford, 1948. Olive scale. California Agriculture, 2(4):8.

Stathas GJ, Bouras SL, Eliopoulos PA, Emmanouel NG, 2005. Control of diaspidid scales on olive trees by releasing coccinellid predators. Bulletin OILB/SROP [Proceedings of the European meeting of the IOBC/WPRS Working Group "Integrated Protection of Olive Crops", Chania, Greece, 29-31 May 2003.], 28(9):157-166.

Streito JC, Rossignol R, Matile-Ferrero D, Germain JF, 2014. Aleuroclava aucubae (Aleyrodidae) new for France, and Parlatoria oleae (Diaspididae) new for Corsica (Hemiptera). (Aleuroclava aucubae (Aleyrodidae) nouveau pour la France, et Parlatoria oleae (Diaspididae) nouveau pour la Corse (Hemiptera).) Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 119(1):53-55.

Tang FT, 1984. Observation on the scale insects injurious to forestry of North China. I. Shanxi Agricultural University Press, Taigu, Shanxi, China, 2:122-133.

Therios I, 2008. Pests and diseases. In: Olives [ed. by Therios, I.]. Wallingford, UK: CABI, 335-352. http://www.cabi.org/CABeBooks/default.aspx?site=107&page=45&LoadModule=PDFHier&BookID=440

Vacante V, Gerson U, 1987. Three species of Eryngiopus (Acari: Stigmpidae) from Italy, with key to species and summary of habitats. Redia, 70:385-401

Velimirovic V, 1990. Scales-olive pests in southern part of Montenegro. Acta Horticulturae, No. 286:395-397

Verma SP, Dinabandhoo CL, 2005. Armoured scales (Homoptera: Diaspididae) associated with temperate and subtropical fruit trees in Himachal Pradesh. Acta Horticulturae, 696:423-426. http://www.actahort.org

Viggiani G, 1978. Current state of biological control of olive scales. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria 'Filippo Silvestri', Portici, 35:30-38

Viggiani G, 1989. Integrated protection of olive: present state and prospects. Informatore Fitopatologico, 39(2):23-32

Westcott C, 1973. The gardener's bug book. 4th ed. Garden City, USA: Doubleday.

Yasnosh VA, Mindiashvili EN, 1972. On acclimatization of olive scale Parlatoria oleae Colvee parasites in Georgia. Proceedings Plant Protection Institute. Georgian Soviet Republic, Tbilisi, 24:136-140.

Zaher MA, Soliman ZR, 1971. Life history of the predatory mite, Cheletogenes ornatus (Canestrini and Fanzano) (Acarina: Cheyletidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique d'Egypte, 55:85-89.

Zaher MA, Yousef pTA, Kandil MM, 1982. Effect of food on the biology of Cheletogenes ornatus (C. & F.) (Acari: Prostigmata: Cheyletidae). Acarologia, 22(4):361-366

Distribution Maps

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Distribution map Afghanistan: Restricted distribution
Ramaseshiah, 1985; Fowjhan & Kozar, 1994Argentina: Restricted distribution
Huffaker et al., 1962; Garcia, 1973; Mallea et al., 1972Bangladesh: PresentBulgaria: Restricted distribution
Gomaa, 1978Bolivia: Restricted distribution
Squire, 1972Brazil: Restricted distribution
Costa, 1936China: Restricted distribution
Tang, 1984China: Restricted distribution
Tang, 1984China
See regional map for distribution within the countryCzechoslovakia (former): Restricted distributionCyprus: Present
Nakahara, 1982; Sisman & Ülgentürk, 2010Cyprus: Present
Nakahara, 1982; Sisman & Ülgentürk, 2010Algeria: PresentAlgeria: PresentEgypt: Restricted distribution
Zaher et al., 1982; Moursi & Mesbah, 1985Spain: Restricted distribution
Andres, 1979Spain: Restricted distribution
Andres, 1979France: Restricted distribution
Viggiani, 1978France
See regional map for distribution within the countryUK: Present
Huffaker et al., 1962Georgia (Republic of): Restricted distribution
Kozar et al., 1982; Yasnosh & Mindiashvili, 1972; Aleksidze et al., 1995Georgia (Republic of): Restricted distribution
Kozar et al., 1982; Yasnosh & Mindiashvili, 1972; Aleksidze et al., 1995Greece: Restricted distribution
Viggiani, 1978; Paloukis, 1979; Argyriou & Kourmadas, 1981Greece: Restricted distribution
Viggiani, 1978; Paloukis, 1979; Argyriou & Kourmadas, 1981Croatia: Present
Milek & ?imala, 2008Hungary: Restricted distributionIsrael: Restricted distribution
Rosen, 1978; Gerson, 1977; Nestel et al., 1995; Pinhassi et al., 1996Israel: Restricted distribution
Rosen, 1978; Gerson, 1977; Nestel et al., 1995; Pinhassi et al., 1996India: Restricted distribution
Huffaker et al., 1962; Butani, 1975India
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIraq: Restricted distribution
Selim et al., 1981Iraq: Restricted distribution
Selim et al., 1981Iraq: Restricted distribution
Selim et al., 1981Iran: Restricted distribution
Huffaker et al., 1962; Kaussari, 1970Iran: Restricted distribution
Huffaker et al., 1962; Kaussari, 1970Iran: Restricted distribution
Huffaker et al., 1962; Kaussari, 1970Italy: Restricted distribution
Viggiani, 1978; Laccone, 1981; Scortichini, 1987; Vacante & Gerson, 1987; Viggiani, 1989Jordan: Present
Nakahara, 1982Jordan: Present
Nakahara, 1982Kenya: Restricted distribution
Rosen, 1978Lebanon: Present
Nakahara, 1982Lebanon: Present
Nakahara, 1982Lebanon: Present
Nakahara, 1982Libya: PresentMorocco: PresentMorocco: PresentMalta: Present
Nakahara, 1982Malta: Present
Nakahara, 1982Mexico: Restricted distribution
Miller, 1996Mexico: Restricted distribution
Miller, 1996Pakistan: Widespread
Nakahara, 1982Poland: Restricted distributionPortugal: Present
Nakahara, 1982Russian Federation: Present
Huffaker et al., 1962; Kozar et al., 1982Russian Federation: Present
Huffaker et al., 1962; Kozar et al., 1982Saudi Arabia: Present
Nakahara, 1982Saudi Arabia: Present
Nakahara, 1982Sudan: Present
Nakahara, 1982Syria: Present
Nakahara, 1982Syria: Present
Nakahara, 1982Syria: Present
Nakahara, 1982Turkmenistan: Restricted distribution
Huffaker et al., 1962; Myartseva, 1984; Myartseva, 1972Tunisia: Present
Mansour et al., 2011Tunisia: Present
Mansour et al., 2011Turkey: Restricted distribution
Kozar et al., 1979; Kozar et al., 1982Turkey: Restricted distribution
Kozar et al., 1979; Kozar et al., 1982Turkey: Restricted distribution
Kozar et al., 1979; Kozar et al., 1982USA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryYugoslavia (former): Restricted distribution
Velimirovic, 1990
  • = Present, no further details
  • = Evidence of pathogen
  • = Widespread
  • = Last reported
  • = Localised
  • = Presence unconfirmed
  • = Confined and subject to quarantine
  • = See regional map for distribution within the country
  • = Occasional or few reports
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Distribution map (asia) Afghanistan: Restricted distribution
Ramaseshiah, 1985; Fowjhan & Kozar, 1994Bangladesh: PresentChina: Restricted distribution
Tang, 1984Xinjiang: Restricted distribution
Tang, 1984Georgia (Republic of): Restricted distribution
Kozar et al., 1982; Yasnosh & Mindiashvili, 1972; Aleksidze et al., 1995Israel: Restricted distribution
Rosen, 1978; Gerson, 1977; Nestel et al., 1995; Pinhassi et al., 1996India: Restricted distribution
Huffaker et al., 1962; Butani, 1975Bihar: PresentHimachal Pradesh: Present
Verma & Dinabandhoo, 2005Jammu and Kashmir: PresentMaharashtra: PresentIndian Punjab: PresentUttar Pradesh: Restricted distributionIraq: Restricted distribution
Selim et al., 1981Iran: Restricted distribution
Huffaker et al., 1962; Kaussari, 1970Jordan: Present
Nakahara, 1982Lebanon: Present
Nakahara, 1982Pakistan: Widespread
Nakahara, 1982Russian Federation: Present
Huffaker et al., 1962; Kozar et al., 1982Saudi Arabia: Present
Nakahara, 1982Syria: Present
Nakahara, 1982Turkmenistan: Restricted distribution
Huffaker et al., 1962; Myartseva, 1984; Myartseva, 1972Turkey: Restricted distribution
Kozar et al., 1979; Kozar et al., 1982
Distribution map (europe) Bulgaria: Restricted distribution
Gomaa, 1978Czechoslovakia (former): Restricted distributionCyprus: Present
Nakahara, 1982; Sisman & Ülgentürk, 2010Algeria: PresentSpain: Restricted distribution
Andres, 1979France: Restricted distribution
Viggiani, 1978Corsica: Present
Streito et al., 2014UK: Present
Huffaker et al., 1962Georgia (Republic of): Restricted distribution
Kozar et al., 1982; Yasnosh & Mindiashvili, 1972; Aleksidze et al., 1995Greece: Restricted distribution
Viggiani, 1978; Paloukis, 1979; Argyriou & Kourmadas, 1981Croatia: Present
Milek & ?imala, 2008Hungary: Restricted distributionIraq: Restricted distribution
Selim et al., 1981Iran: Restricted distribution
Huffaker et al., 1962; Kaussari, 1970Italy: Restricted distribution
Viggiani, 1978; Laccone, 1981; Scortichini, 1987; Vacante & Gerson, 1987; Viggiani, 1989Lebanon: Present
Nakahara, 1982Morocco: PresentMalta: Present
Nakahara, 1982Poland: Restricted distributionPortugal: Present
Nakahara, 1982Russian Federation: Present
Huffaker et al., 1962; Kozar et al., 1982Syria: Present
Nakahara, 1982Tunisia: Present
Mansour et al., 2011Turkey: Restricted distribution
Kozar et al., 1979; Kozar et al., 1982Yugoslavia (former): Restricted distribution
Velimirovic, 1990
Distribution map (africa) Cyprus: Present
Nakahara, 1982; Sisman & Ülgentürk, 2010Algeria: PresentEgypt: Restricted distribution
Zaher et al., 1982; Moursi & Mesbah, 1985Spain: Restricted distribution
Andres, 1979Greece: Restricted distribution
Viggiani, 1978; Paloukis, 1979; Argyriou & Kourmadas, 1981Israel: Restricted distribution
Rosen, 1978; Gerson, 1977; Nestel et al., 1995; Pinhassi et al., 1996Iraq: Restricted distribution
Selim et al., 1981Iran: Restricted distribution
Huffaker et al., 1962; Kaussari, 1970Jordan: Present
Nakahara, 1982Kenya: Restricted distribution
Rosen, 1978Lebanon: Present
Nakahara, 1982Libya: PresentMorocco: PresentMalta: Present
Nakahara, 1982Saudi Arabia: Present
Nakahara, 1982Sudan: Present
Nakahara, 1982Syria: Present
Nakahara, 1982Tunisia: Present
Mansour et al., 2011Turkey: Restricted distribution
Kozar et al., 1979; Kozar et al., 1982
Distribution map (north america) Mexico: Restricted distribution
Miller, 1996Arizona: Restricted distribution
Huffaker et al., 1962; Kosztarab, 1996California: Restricted distribution
Huffaker et al., 1962; Rosen, 1978; Ehler & Endicott, 1984; Kosztarab, 1996Delaware: Restricted distribution
Kosztarab, 1996Maryland: Restricted distribution
Kosztarab, 1996Texas: Restricted distribution
Hart, 1980
Distribution map (central america) Mexico: Restricted distribution
Miller, 1996
Distribution map (south america) Argentina: Restricted distribution
Huffaker et al., 1962; Garcia, 1973; Mallea et al., 1972Bolivia: Restricted distribution
Squire, 1972Brazil: Restricted distribution
Costa, 1936
Distribution map (pacific) China: Restricted distribution
Tang, 1984