Datasheet
Achaea janata (castor semilooper)
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Pictures
Top of page| Picture | Title | Caption | Copyright |  | Title | Eggs |
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| Caption | Eggs of A. janata, dorsal view x40. The eggs are beautifully sculptured, with a greenish colour, convex on the dorsal side with ridges and furrows on the surface radiating from a circular depression at the apex and concave on the ventral side. |
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| Copyright | A. John |
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| Eggs | Eggs of A. janata, dorsal view x40. The eggs are beautifully sculptured, with a greenish colour, convex on the dorsal side with ridges and furrows on the surface radiating from a circular depression at the apex and concave on the ventral side. | A. John |
 | Title | Fourth-instar larva |
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| Caption | The first two pairs of prolegs in the larvae are undeveloped and hence the gait is that of a looping caterpillar. |
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| Copyright | A. John |
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| Fourth-instar larva | The first two pairs of prolegs in the larvae are undeveloped and hence the gait is that of a looping caterpillar. | A. John |
 | Title | Fifth-instar larva |
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| Caption | The body has a spectacular, beautiful, velvety, appearance with a mid-dorsal black streak running longitudinally on a black background with noticeable anal tubercles. On either side of the mid-black streak, two narrow, yellow and orange streaks run longitudinally. |
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| Copyright | A. John |
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| Fifth-instar larva | The body has a spectacular, beautiful, velvety, appearance with a mid-dorsal black streak running longitudinally on a black background with noticeable anal tubercles. On either side of the mid-black streak, two narrow, yellow and orange streaks run longitudinally. | A. John |
 | Title | Prepupa |
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| Caption | The feeding phase of the fifth-instar larva is followed by a non-feeding prepupal stage. |
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| Copyright | A. John |
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| Prepupa | The feeding phase of the fifth-instar larva is followed by a non-feeding prepupal stage. | A. John |
 | Title | Pupa |
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| Caption | The pupa is whitish-green. The body is very soft, gradually tanned to a dark brown, with a hard cuticle coated with white dust. |
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| Copyright | A. John |
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| Pupa | The pupa is whitish-green. The body is very soft, gradually tanned to a dark brown, with a hard cuticle coated with white dust. | A. John |
 | Title | Adult moth |
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| Caption | Adult moths are light brown, with characteristic black and white patterns in the posterior region of the hind wings and dry brown scales all over the body. |
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| Copyright | A. John |
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| Adult moth | Adult moths are light brown, with characteristic black and white patterns in the posterior region of the hind wings and dry brown scales all over the body. | A. John |
 | Title | Larval abdomen |
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| Caption | Posterio-ventral view of larval abdomen. |
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| Copyright | A. John |
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| Larval abdomen | Posterio-ventral view of larval abdomen. | A. John |
 | Title | Larval abdomen |
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| Caption | Line artwork of posterio-ventral view of larval abdomen. See the pits on a white base in female. |
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| Copyright | A. John |
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| Larval abdomen | Line artwork of posterio-ventral view of larval abdomen. See the pits on a white base in female. | A. John |
 | Title | Pupal abdomen |
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| Caption | Posterio-ventral end of pupal abdomen showing the position of the genital opening. |
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| Copyright | A. John |
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| Pupal abdomen | Posterio-ventral end of pupal abdomen showing the position of the genital opening. | A. John |
 | Title | Pupal abdomen |
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| Caption | Line artwork of posterio-ventral end of pupal abdomen showing the position of the genital opening. |
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| Copyright | A. John |
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| Pupal abdomen | Line artwork of posterio-ventral end of pupal abdomen showing the position of the genital opening. | A. John |
 | Title | Abdomen of adult |
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| Caption | Posterio-ventral end of the abdomen of the adult moth showing the position of genital opening. |
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| Copyright | A. John |
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| Abdomen of adult | Posterio-ventral end of the abdomen of the adult moth showing the position of genital opening. | A. John |
 | Title | Abdomen of adult |
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| Caption | Line artwork of posterio-ventral end of the abdomen of the adult moth showing the position of genital opening. AO - anal opening, CS - cremastral setae, GO - genital opening, S - spiracle, Th - tuft of hair. |
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| Copyright | A. John |
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| Abdomen of adult | Line artwork of posterio-ventral end of the abdomen of the adult moth showing the position of genital opening. AO - anal opening, CS - cremastral setae, GO - genital opening, S - spiracle, Th - tuft of hair. | A. John |
Identity
Top of pagePreferred Scientific Name
- Achaea janata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Preferred Common Name
Other Scientific Names
- Achaea melicerta
- Catocala traversii Fereday, 1877
- Noctua tigrina Fabricius, 1775
- Ophiusa ekeikei Bethune-Baker, 1906
- Ophiusa janata
- Ophiusa melicerta
- Phalaena (Geometra) janata Linnaeus, 1758
- Phalaena (Noctua) melicerta Drury [1773]
International Common Names
- English: castor oil looper (Australia); castor semi-looper; caterpillar, croton
EPPO code
- OPHIME (Ophiusa melicerta)
Taxonomic Tree
Top of page
- Domain: Eukaryota
- Kingdom: Metazoa
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Subphylum: Uniramia
- Class: Insecta
- Order: Lepidoptera
- Family: Noctuidae
- Genus: Achaea
- Species: Achaea janata
Distribution Table
Top of pageThe distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.
| Country | Distribution | Last Reported | Origin | First Reported | Invasive | References | Notes | ASIA |
| Cambodia | Present | | | | | Waterhouse, 1993 | |
| China | Present | | | | | Lu, 1982 | |
| -Guangdong | Present | | | | | Hua, 1981 | |
| India | | | | | | | |
| -Andaman and Nicobar Islands | Present | | | | | Cotes & Swinhoe, 1888 | |
| -Andhra Pradesh | Present | | | | | Thobbi & Singh, 1974 | |
| -Bihar | Present | | | | | Sah et al., 2007 | |
| -Gujarat | Present | | | | | Vyas et al., 1989 | |
| -Haryana | Present | | | | | Rishi et al., 2002 | |
| -Indian Punjab | Present | | | | | Sharma, 2011 | |
| -Karnataka | Present | | | | | Jayaramaiah et al., 1975 | |
| -Madhya Pradesh | Present | | | | | Vyas, 1996 | |
| -Maharashtra | Present | | | | | Mundhe, 1980; Mote et al., 1991 | |
| -Manipur | Present | | | | | Ram & Pathak, 1987 | |
| -Odisha | Present | | | | | Senapati & Dash, 1989 | |
| -Rajasthan | Present | | | | | Kushwaha & Pal, 1977; Ahmed & Murugesan, 1995 | |
| -Sikkim | Present | | | | | Cotes & Swinhoe, 1888 | |
| -Tamil Nadu | Widespread | | | | | Ahmed, 1990 | |
| -Uttar Pradesh | Present | | | | | Srivastava et al., 1972 | |
| Indonesia | | | | | | | |
| -Sumatra | Present | | | | | Whitten & Damanik, 1986 | |
| Laos | Present | | | | | Waterhouse, 1993 | |
| Malaysia | Present | | | | | Waterhouse, 1993 | |
| -Peninsular Malaysia | Present | | | | | Ismail & Salim, 1982 | |
| Myanmar | Present | | | | | Waterhouse, 1993 | |
| Philippines | Present | | | | | Salvador et al., 1986 | |
| Thailand | Present | | | | | Waterhouse, 1993 | |
| Vietnam | Present | | | | | Waterhouse, 1993 | |
NORTH AMERICA |
| USA | | | | | | | |
| -Hawaii | Present | | | | | Oatman et al., 1982 | |
OCEANIA |
| Australia | Present | | | | | Edwards, 1978 | |
| -Queensland | Present | | | | | de Baar, 1983 | |
| Papua New Guinea | Present | | | | | Hassan, 1972; Room & Smith, 1975 | |
Growth Stages
Top of pageFlowering stage, Fruiting stage, Seedling stage, Vegetative growing stage
List of Symptoms
Top of page| Sign | Life Stages | Type | Fruit |
| external feeding | | |
| frass visible | | |
| ooze | | |
Growing point |
| external feeding | | |
| frass visible | | |
Inflorescence |
| external feeding | | |
| frass visible | | |
| lesions; flecking; streaks (not Poaceae) | | |
| twisting and distortion | | |
| webbing | | |
Leaves |
| external feeding | | |
| frass visible | | |
| webbing | | |
References
Top of pageAhmed M, 1990. Deviation in feeding behaviour of Achaea janata Linn. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Annals of Entomology, 8(2):15-17
Ahmed SI, Murugesan S, 1995. Achaea janata Linn. (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera), a new pest record on neem [Azadirachta indica] - its management through nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Indian Forester, 121(1):63
Ammal LS, Dale D, 1974. Evaluation of three antifeedants against caterpillars of Spodoptera litura Boisd. and Achoea janata Linn. Agricultural Research Journal of Kerala, 12(1):36-40
APPPC, 1987. Insect pests of economic significance affecting major crops of the countries in Asia and the Pacific region. Technical Document No. 135. Bangkok, Thailand: Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific region (RAPA).
Arivudainambi S, Nachiappan R, 1993. Evaluation of antifeedant property of extracts of Ipomoea carnea Jacquin against the semilooper, Achaea janata Linn. Journal of Entomological Research, 17(3):225-226; 3 ref.
Ayyar TVR, 1921. An undescribed natural enemy of the castor semilooper (Achaea). Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 28:298-300.
Ayyar TVR, 1984. Hand book of Economic Entomology for South India. New Delhi, India: International Books and Periodicals Supply Service.
Baar M de, 1983. The castor oil looper. Advisory leaflet, 20. Queensland, Australia: Department of Forestry Queensland.
Balikai RA, Biradar AP, Nandihalli BS, Jagginavar SB, 1996. Chemical control of castor semilooper, Achaea janata Linn. Advances in Agricultural Research in India, 6:75-77; 4 ref.
Battu GS, 1986. Occurrence and influence of two Baculovirus infections on larval growth, moulting and food consumption of Achpa janata (Linnpus) (Noctuidae; Lepidoptera). Annals of Biology, 2(1):51-57
Bhatnagar VC, Pawar CS, Jadhav DR, Davies JC, 1985. Mermithid nematodes as parasites of Heliothis spp. and other crop pests in Andhra Pradesh, India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Animal Science, 94(5):509-515
Byale AN, Bilapate GG, 1990. Biometrics and biology of Achpa janata on castor and pomegranate. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities, 15(1):10-12
Cantrell BK, 1989. The Australasian species of Winthemia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) with notes on Oceanian and Oriental species. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 28(2):93-104
Chari MS, Muralidharan CM, 1985. Neem (Azadirachta indica Linn.) as feeding deterrent of castor semilooper (Achpa janata Linn.). Journal of Entomological Research, 9(2):243-245
Cherian MC, Basheer M, 1946. Indian Journal of Entomology, 9:139-141.
Cotes EC, Swinhoe C, 1888. A catalogue of the moths of India, 3:403.
Dalaya VP, Rajput SG, Awate BG, Mohite PB, 1983. Chemical control of castor semilooper Achoea janata Linnpus. Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 11(1/2):136-137
Dass R, Parshad B, 1984. Rearing of important lepidopterous pests on known artificial diet and screening for preferred hosts of parasite, Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Journal of Entomological Research, 8(1):89-92
Deshmukh ADD, Deshpande AD, 1989. Bioefficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner against Achoea janata L. and Bombyx mori L. Entomon, 14(12):91-94.
Deshmukh SD, Akhare MD, Borle MN, 1979. Insecticidal control of the insect pests of castor. Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 7(1):66-68
Deshpande AD, Ramakrishnan N, 1983. Effect of thermostable exotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner on Achaea janata L. Entomon, 8(1):53-60; [2 fig.]; 17 ref.
Deshpande SG, Joseph M, Sharma RN, 1988. Insect growth and development inhibition properties of Catharanthus roseus. International Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 6(3-4):287-290
Deshpande SG, Sinha B, Nanda B, Sharma RN, 1993. Antifeedant activity in the total extract and fractions of the plant Cassine glauca (Leguminoceae) [Celastraceae] against the castor semi-looper Achoea janata (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). Botanical pesticides in integrated pest management. Rajahmundry, India: Indian Society of Tobacco Science, 381-384
Edwards ED, 1978. A review of the genus Achpa Hubner in Australia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 17(4):329-340
Fletcher T, 1914. Some South Indian Pests and other animals of importance. Madras, India: The Superintendent Govt. Press.
Gaikwad BB, Bilapate GG, 1992. Castor semilooper, Achaea janata L. in India - a review. Agricultural Reviews (Karnal), 13(1):51-58
Gaikwad BB, Bilapate GG, 1993. Life fecundity tables of Achaea janata on different hosts. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities, 18(1):1-2
Gaikwad BB, Bilapate GG, Jadhav RN, 1993. Growth, development and biometrics of Achaea janata on different hosts. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities, 18(1):2-4
Govindarajan R, Jayaraj S, Narayanan K, 1975. Infection of the castor semi-looper, Achoea janata L. (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera), by Serratia marcescens Bizio. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 45(11-12):550-554
Grewal GS, Garcha HS, Gurdip Singh, 1988. Chemical control of castor semilooper, Achpa janata Linn. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on castor in Punjab. Journal of Research, Punjab Agricultural University, 25(4):581-586
Gujar GT, Mehrotra KN, 1989. Effect of chitin synthesis inhibitors on the castor semilooper, Achpa janata. National Academy Science Letters, 12(8):289-291
Hassan E, 1972. Problems of applied entomology in Papua New Guinea. Anzeiger für Schadlingskunde und Pflanzenschutz, 45(9):129-134
Hua YQ, 1981. Occurrence and control of Achpa melicerta (Drury). Insect Knowledge (Kunchong Zhishi), 18(4):171-172
Ismail A, Salim J, 1982. An outbreak and some notes of the noctuid Achpa janata L., on Excoecaria agallocha L. in Hutan Melintang, Perak. MAPPS Newsletter, 6(2):2-3
Jairaj S, 1969. Madras Agricultural Journal, 56:336-346.
Jayaramaiah M, Gubbaiah, Devaiah MC, Thontadarya TS, 1975. New host records of castor semi-looper, Achaea janata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Current Science, 44(7):248-249
John A, 1991. Trehalose concentration rhythms and their physiological relevance in Achaea janata, PhD Thesis. Trivandrum, Kerala, India: Department of Zoology, University of Kerala.
John A, Muraleedharan D, 1989. Biology and morphometrics of castor semilooper, Achoea janata Linn. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, 9(1):48-55
John A, Muraleedharan D, 1993. Effect of methoprene-ZR515 (JHa) on castor semilooper larvae of Achaea janata (L). Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 31(12):971-976; 43 ref.
Jyani DB, Bharpoda TM, Patel JR, 1996. Bioefficacy of azadirachtin (neem) based formulation against castor semilooper (Achaea janata). Allelopathy in pests management for sustainable agriculture. Proceedings of the International Conference on Allelopathy, Volume 2., 201-206; 10 ref.
Kadam NV, Dalvi CS, Dumbre RB, 1995. Efficacy of diflubenzuron against castor semilooper. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities, 20(1):20-23; 6 ref.
Kamat MN, Bagal SR, Thobbi VV, Rao VG, Phadke CH, 1978. Biological control of castor semi-looper through the use of entomogenous fungus Nomuraea rileyi. Indian Journal of Botany, 1(1/2):69-74
Kattegoudar NF, Alagawadi AR, Pakale N, 1994. Efficacy of whole culture of Bacillus cereus and culture filtrate against the castor semilooper, Achaea janata L. Journal of Entomological Research, 18(3):223-227; 11 ref.
Kavadia VS, Verma SK, 1973. Quisqualis indica Linn. and Dodonea viscosa Linn. as new hosts of castor semilooper, Achoea janata Linn. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 70(1):226-227
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Parasharya BM, Dodia JF, Yadav DN, Patel RC, 1988. Effect of bird predation and egg parasitism on castor semilooper Achpa janata Linn. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Gujarat. Journal of Biological Control, 2(2):80-82
Patel RC, Yadav DN, 1979. Observations on parasitism of eggs of castor semilooper Achpa janata L. Gujarat Agricultural University Research Journal, 4(2):49-51
Persoons CJ, Vos JD, Yadav JS, Prasad AR, Sighomony S, Jyothi KN, Prasuna AL, 1993. Indo-Dutch cooperation on pheromones of Indian agricultural pest insects: sex pheromone components of Diacrisia obliqua (Arctiidae), Achaea janata (Noctuidae) and Amsacta albistriga (Arctiidae). Bulletin OILB/SROP, 16(10):136-140
Phadnis AP, Patwardhan SA, Dhaneshwar NN, Tavale SS, Row TNG, 1988. Clerodane diterpenoids from Polyalthia longifolia. Phytochemistry, 27(9):2899-2901
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Shaheen S, Osmani Z, 1980. Juvenile hormone activity of Altosid on Achoea janata L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 18(9):1042-1044
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Sharma RN, Gupta AS, Patwardhan SA, Hebbalkar DS, Tare V, Bhonde SB, 1992. Bioactivity of Lamiaceae plants against insects. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 30(3):244-246.
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Srivastava KL, 1991. Comparison of the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis and calcium arsenate on the body weight of Achaea janata Linn. New Agriculturist, 2(2):171-174; 24 ref.
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Thobbi VV, Singh BU, 1974. First record of Heliothis armigera (Hubner) as a predator on the pupae of castor semilooper (Achoea janata L.). Current Science, 43(11):354-355
Thobbi VV, Singh BU, Amin-ul-Hassan, Sarver SUH, Rao NGP, 1976. Biological control of castor semilooper. Indian Farming, 27(6):15-17
Urmila-Sharma, Yadav DN, Sharma U, 1996. Occurrence of new egg parasitoid of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Erias vettella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Gujarat. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, 66:684-685.
Vyas HG, Yadav DN, Dodia JF, 1989. Viral and rickettsia-like organisms associated with castor semi looper, Achpa janata Linn. Gujarat Agricultural University Research Journal, 15(1):89-90
Vyas HN, 1994. Biology of castor semilooper, Achaea janata L. on rose, Rosa indica. Crop Research (Hisar), 7(1):109-111
Vyas HN, 1996. Pest complex of Zizyphus mauritiana Lamark. Crop Research (Hisar), 11(2):216-218; 5 ref.
Walia S, Chowdhary H, Dhingra S, 1997. Insect growth inhibition and antifeedant activity of oxime ethers against larvae of Spilosoma obliqua Walker and Achaea janata Linn. Pesticide Research Journal, 9(1):125-129; 5 ref.
Waterhouse DF, 1993. The major arthropod pests of economic significance affecting major crops of the coutnries in Asia and the Pacific region. Technical Document No. 135. Bangkok, Thailand: Regional FAO Office for Asia and the Pacific (RAPA).
Whitten AJ, Damanik SJ, 1986. Mass defoliation of mangroves in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biotropica, 18(2):176
Distribution Maps
Top of page
- = Present, no further details
- = Evidence of pathogen
- = Widespread
- = Last reported
- = Localised
- = Presence unconfirmed
- = Confined and subject to quarantine
- = See regional map for distribution within the country
- = Occasional or few reports