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Datasheet

Achaea janata (castor semilooper)

Summary

  • Last modified
  • 12 March 2013
  • Datasheet Type(s)
  • Pest
  • Preferred Scientific Name
  • Achaea janata
  • Preferred Common Name
  • castor semilooper
  • Taxonomic Tree
  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Metazoa
  •         Phylum: Arthropoda
  •             Subphylum: Uniramia
  •                 Class: Insecta

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Pictures

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PictureTitleCaptionCopyright
Eggs of A. janata, dorsal view x40. The eggs are beautifully sculptured, with a greenish colour, convex on the dorsal side with ridges and furrows on the surface radiating from a circular depression at the apex and concave on the ventral side.
TitleEggs
CaptionEggs of A. janata, dorsal view x40. The eggs are beautifully sculptured, with a greenish colour, convex on the dorsal side with ridges and furrows on the surface radiating from a circular depression at the apex and concave on the ventral side.
CopyrightA. John
Eggs of A. janata, dorsal view x40. The eggs are beautifully sculptured, with a greenish colour, convex on the dorsal side with ridges and furrows on the surface radiating from a circular depression at the apex and concave on the ventral side.
EggsEggs of A. janata, dorsal view x40. The eggs are beautifully sculptured, with a greenish colour, convex on the dorsal side with ridges and furrows on the surface radiating from a circular depression at the apex and concave on the ventral side.A. John
The first two pairs of prolegs in the larvae are undeveloped and hence the gait is that of a looping caterpillar.
TitleFourth-instar larva
CaptionThe first two pairs of prolegs in the larvae are undeveloped and hence the gait is that of a looping caterpillar.
CopyrightA. John
The first two pairs of prolegs in the larvae are undeveloped and hence the gait is that of a looping caterpillar.
Fourth-instar larvaThe first two pairs of prolegs in the larvae are undeveloped and hence the gait is that of a looping caterpillar.A. John
The body has a spectacular, beautiful, velvety, appearance with a mid-dorsal black streak running longitudinally on a black background with noticeable anal tubercles. On either side of the mid-black streak, two narrow, yellow and orange streaks run longitudinally.
TitleFifth-instar larva
CaptionThe body has a spectacular, beautiful, velvety, appearance with a mid-dorsal black streak running longitudinally on a black background with noticeable anal tubercles. On either side of the mid-black streak, two narrow, yellow and orange streaks run longitudinally.
CopyrightA. John
The body has a spectacular, beautiful, velvety, appearance with a mid-dorsal black streak running longitudinally on a black background with noticeable anal tubercles. On either side of the mid-black streak, two narrow, yellow and orange streaks run longitudinally.
Fifth-instar larvaThe body has a spectacular, beautiful, velvety, appearance with a mid-dorsal black streak running longitudinally on a black background with noticeable anal tubercles. On either side of the mid-black streak, two narrow, yellow and orange streaks run longitudinally.A. John
The feeding phase of the fifth-instar larva is followed by a non-feeding prepupal stage.
TitlePrepupa
CaptionThe feeding phase of the fifth-instar larva is followed by a non-feeding prepupal stage.
CopyrightA. John
The feeding phase of the fifth-instar larva is followed by a non-feeding prepupal stage.
PrepupaThe feeding phase of the fifth-instar larva is followed by a non-feeding prepupal stage. A. John
The pupa is whitish-green. The body is very soft, gradually tanned to a dark brown, with a hard cuticle coated with white dust.
TitlePupa
CaptionThe pupa is whitish-green. The body is very soft, gradually tanned to a dark brown, with a hard cuticle coated with white dust.
CopyrightA. John
The pupa is whitish-green. The body is very soft, gradually tanned to a dark brown, with a hard cuticle coated with white dust.
PupaThe pupa is whitish-green. The body is very soft, gradually tanned to a dark brown, with a hard cuticle coated with white dust.A. John
Adult moths are light brown, with characteristic black and white patterns in the posterior region of the hind wings and dry brown scales all over the body.
TitleAdult moth
CaptionAdult moths are light brown, with characteristic black and white patterns in the posterior region of the hind wings and dry brown scales all over the body.
CopyrightA. John
Adult moths are light brown, with characteristic black and white patterns in the posterior region of the hind wings and dry brown scales all over the body.
Adult mothAdult moths are light brown, with characteristic black and white patterns in the posterior region of the hind wings and dry brown scales all over the body. A. John
Posterio-ventral view of larval abdomen.
TitleLarval abdomen
CaptionPosterio-ventral view of larval abdomen.
CopyrightA. John
Posterio-ventral view of larval abdomen.
Larval abdomenPosterio-ventral view of larval abdomen. A. John
Line artwork of posterio-ventral view of larval abdomen. See the pits on a white base in female.
TitleLarval abdomen
CaptionLine artwork of posterio-ventral view of larval abdomen. See the pits on a white base in female.
CopyrightA. John
Line artwork of posterio-ventral view of larval abdomen. See the pits on a white base in female.
Larval abdomenLine artwork of posterio-ventral view of larval abdomen. See the pits on a white base in female.A. John
Posterio-ventral end of pupal abdomen showing the position of the genital opening.
TitlePupal abdomen
CaptionPosterio-ventral end of pupal abdomen showing the position of the genital opening.
CopyrightA. John
Posterio-ventral end of pupal abdomen showing the position of the genital opening.
Pupal abdomenPosterio-ventral end of pupal abdomen showing the position of the genital opening. A. John
Line artwork of posterio-ventral end of pupal abdomen showing the position of the genital opening.
TitlePupal abdomen
CaptionLine artwork of posterio-ventral end of pupal abdomen showing the position of the genital opening.
CopyrightA. John
Line artwork of posterio-ventral end of pupal abdomen showing the position of the genital opening.
Pupal abdomenLine artwork of posterio-ventral end of pupal abdomen showing the position of the genital opening. A. John
Posterio-ventral end of the abdomen of the adult moth showing the position of genital opening.
TitleAbdomen of adult
CaptionPosterio-ventral end of the abdomen of the adult moth showing the position of genital opening.
CopyrightA. John
Posterio-ventral end of the abdomen of the adult moth showing the position of genital opening.
Abdomen of adultPosterio-ventral end of the abdomen of the adult moth showing the position of genital opening.A. John
Line artwork of posterio-ventral end of the abdomen of the adult moth showing the position of genital opening. AO - anal opening, CS - cremastral setae, GO - genital opening, S - spiracle, Th - tuft of hair.
TitleAbdomen of adult
CaptionLine artwork of posterio-ventral end of the abdomen of the adult moth showing the position of genital opening. AO - anal opening, CS - cremastral setae, GO - genital opening, S - spiracle, Th - tuft of hair.
CopyrightA. John
Line artwork of posterio-ventral end of the abdomen of the adult moth showing the position of genital opening. AO - anal opening, CS - cremastral setae, GO - genital opening, S - spiracle, Th - tuft of hair.
Abdomen of adultLine artwork of posterio-ventral end of the abdomen of the adult moth showing the position of genital opening. AO - anal opening, CS - cremastral setae, GO - genital opening, S - spiracle, Th - tuft of hair.A. John

Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

  • Achaea janata (Linnaeus, 1758)

Preferred Common Name

  • castor semilooper

Other Scientific Names

  • Achaea melicerta
  • Catocala traversii Fereday, 1877
  • Noctua tigrina Fabricius, 1775
  • Ophiusa ekeikei Bethune-Baker, 1906
  • Ophiusa janata
  • Ophiusa melicerta
  • Phalaena (Geometra) janata Linnaeus, 1758
  • Phalaena (Noctua) melicerta Drury [1773]

International Common Names

  • English: castor oil looper (Australia); castor semi-looper; caterpillar, croton

EPPO code

  • OPHIME (Ophiusa melicerta)

Taxonomic Tree

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  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Metazoa
  •         Phylum: Arthropoda
  •             Subphylum: Uniramia
  •                 Class: Insecta
  •                     Order: Lepidoptera
  •                         Family: Noctuidae
  •                             Genus: Achaea
  •                                 Species: Achaea janata

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

CountryDistributionLast ReportedOriginFirst ReportedInvasiveReferencesNotes

ASIA

CambodiaPresentWaterhouse, 1993
ChinaPresentLu, 1982
-GuangdongPresentHua, 1981
India
-Andaman and Nicobar IslandsPresentCotes & Swinhoe, 1888
-Andhra PradeshPresentThobbi & Singh, 1974
-BiharPresentSah et al., 2007
-GujaratPresentVyas et al., 1989
-HaryanaPresentRishi et al., 2002
-Indian PunjabPresentSharma, 2011
-KarnatakaPresentJayaramaiah et al., 1975
-Madhya PradeshPresentVyas, 1996
-MaharashtraPresentMundhe, 1980; Mote et al., 1991
-ManipurPresentRam & Pathak, 1987
-OdishaPresentSenapati & Dash, 1989
-RajasthanPresentKushwaha & Pal, 1977; Ahmed & Murugesan, 1995
-SikkimPresentCotes & Swinhoe, 1888
-Tamil NaduWidespreadAhmed, 1990
-Uttar PradeshPresentSrivastava et al., 1972
Indonesia
-SumatraPresentWhitten & Damanik, 1986
LaosPresentWaterhouse, 1993
MalaysiaPresentWaterhouse, 1993
-Peninsular MalaysiaPresentIsmail & Salim, 1982
MyanmarPresentWaterhouse, 1993
PhilippinesPresentSalvador et al., 1986
ThailandPresentWaterhouse, 1993
VietnamPresentWaterhouse, 1993

NORTH AMERICA

USA
-HawaiiPresentOatman et al., 1982

OCEANIA

AustraliaPresentEdwards, 1978
-QueenslandPresentde Baar, 1983
Papua New GuineaPresentHassan, 1972; Room & Smith, 1975

Host plants/Plants Affected

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Plant nameFamilyContext
Arachis hypogaea (groundnut)FabaceaeOther
CitrusRutaceaeOther
Corchorus (jutes)TiliaceaeOther
Dalbergia sissooFabaceaeOther
Dodonaea viscosa (switch sorrel)SapindaceaeOther
Euphorbia hirta (garden spurge)EuphorbiaceaeOther
Glycine max (soyabean)FabaceaeOther
Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd)CucurbitaceaeOther
Punica granatum (pomegranate)PunicaceaeOther
Ricinus communis (castor bean)EuphorbiaceaeMain
Rosa chinensis (China rose)RosaceaeOther
Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)SolanaceaeOther
Tamarindus indica (Indian tamarind)FabaceaeOther
Theobroma cacao (cocoa)SterculiaceaeOther
Vigna mungo (black gram)FabaceaeOther
Ziziphus mauritiana (jujube)RhamnaceaeOther

Growth Stages

Top of pageFlowering stage, Fruiting stage, Seedling stage, Vegetative growing stage

List of Symptoms

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SignLife StagesType

Fruit

external feeding
frass visible
ooze

Growing point

external feeding
frass visible

Inflorescence

external feeding
frass visible
lesions; flecking; streaks (not Poaceae)
twisting and distortion
webbing

Leaves

external feeding
frass visible
webbing

Natural Enemies

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Natural enemyTypeLife stagesSpecificityReferencesBiological control inBiological control on
Apanteles endiiParasite
Bacillus thuringiensisPathogenLarvae
Bacillus thuringiensis kurstakiPathogenLarvae
Bacillus thuringiensis thuringiensisPathogenLarvae
Bracon brevicornisParasiteLarvae
Charops bicolorParasitePupae
Exorista bombycisParasiteLarvae
Granulosis virusPathogenLarvae
Nucleopolyhedrosis virusPathogenLarvae
Ovomermis albicansParasite
rickettsia-like organismsPathogen
Snellenius maculipennisParasiteLarvae
Telenomus proditorParasiteEggs
Telenomus remusParasiteIndiaRicinus communis
Trichogramma achaeaeParasiteEggsPapua New Guineacocoa
Trichogramma chilonisParasiteEggsPhilippinesRicinus communis
Trichogramma dendrolimiParasiteEggs
Trichogramma minutumParasiteEggsPapua New Guineacocoa
Trichogramma perkinsiParasiteEggs
Trichogramma semblidisParasiteEggs
Trichogrammatoidea armigeraParasiteEggs
Trichogrammatoidea australicumParasiteEggs
Trichogrammatoidea bactraeParasiteEggs
Trichogrammatoidea bactrae fumataParasiteEggsPhilippinesRicinus communis
Trichogrammatoidea prabhakeriParasiteEggs
Winthemia novaguineaParasiteLarvae

References

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Ahmed M, 1990. Deviation in feeding behaviour of Achaea janata Linn. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Annals of Entomology, 8(2):15-17

Ahmed SI, Murugesan S, 1995. Achaea janata Linn. (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera), a new pest record on neem [Azadirachta indica] - its management through nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Indian Forester, 121(1):63

Ammal LS, Dale D, 1974. Evaluation of three antifeedants against caterpillars of Spodoptera litura Boisd. and Achoea janata Linn. Agricultural Research Journal of Kerala, 12(1):36-40

APPPC, 1987. Insect pests of economic significance affecting major crops of the countries in Asia and the Pacific region. Technical Document No. 135. Bangkok, Thailand: Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific region (RAPA).

Arivudainambi S, Nachiappan R, 1993. Evaluation of antifeedant property of extracts of Ipomoea carnea Jacquin against the semilooper, Achaea janata Linn. Journal of Entomological Research, 17(3):225-226; 3 ref.

Ayyar TVR, 1921. An undescribed natural enemy of the castor semilooper (Achaea). Journal of Bombay Natural History Society, 28:298-300.

Ayyar TVR, 1984. Hand book of Economic Entomology for South India. New Delhi, India: International Books and Periodicals Supply Service.

Baar M de, 1983. The castor oil looper. Advisory leaflet, 20. Queensland, Australia: Department of Forestry Queensland.

Balikai RA, Biradar AP, Nandihalli BS, Jagginavar SB, 1996. Chemical control of castor semilooper, Achaea janata Linn. Advances in Agricultural Research in India, 6:75-77; 4 ref.

Battu GS, 1986. Occurrence and influence of two Baculovirus infections on larval growth, moulting and food consumption of Achpa janata (Linnpus) (Noctuidae; Lepidoptera). Annals of Biology, 2(1):51-57

Bhatnagar VC, Pawar CS, Jadhav DR, Davies JC, 1985. Mermithid nematodes as parasites of Heliothis spp. and other crop pests in Andhra Pradesh, India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Animal Science, 94(5):509-515

Byale AN, Bilapate GG, 1990. Biometrics and biology of Achpa janata on castor and pomegranate. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities, 15(1):10-12

Cantrell BK, 1989. The Australasian species of Winthemia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) with notes on Oceanian and Oriental species. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 28(2):93-104

Chari MS, Muralidharan CM, 1985. Neem (Azadirachta indica Linn.) as feeding deterrent of castor semilooper (Achpa janata Linn.). Journal of Entomological Research, 9(2):243-245

Cherian MC, Basheer M, 1946. Indian Journal of Entomology, 9:139-141.

Cotes EC, Swinhoe C, 1888. A catalogue of the moths of India, 3:403.

Dalaya VP, Rajput SG, Awate BG, Mohite PB, 1983. Chemical control of castor semilooper Achoea janata Linnpus. Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 11(1/2):136-137

Dass R, Parshad B, 1984. Rearing of important lepidopterous pests on known artificial diet and screening for preferred hosts of parasite, Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Journal of Entomological Research, 8(1):89-92

Deshmukh ADD, Deshpande AD, 1989. Bioefficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner against Achoea janata L. and Bombyx mori L. Entomon, 14(12):91-94.

Deshmukh SD, Akhare MD, Borle MN, 1979. Insecticidal control of the insect pests of castor. Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 7(1):66-68

Deshpande AD, Ramakrishnan N, 1983. Effect of thermostable exotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner on Achaea janata L. Entomon, 8(1):53-60; [2 fig.]; 17 ref.

Deshpande SG, Joseph M, Sharma RN, 1988. Insect growth and development inhibition properties of Catharanthus roseus. International Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 6(3-4):287-290

Deshpande SG, Sinha B, Nanda B, Sharma RN, 1993. Antifeedant activity in the total extract and fractions of the plant Cassine glauca (Leguminoceae) [Celastraceae] against the castor semi-looper Achoea janata (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). Botanical pesticides in integrated pest management. Rajahmundry, India: Indian Society of Tobacco Science, 381-384

Edwards ED, 1978. A review of the genus Achpa Hubner in Australia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 17(4):329-340

Fletcher T, 1914. Some South Indian Pests and other animals of importance. Madras, India: The Superintendent Govt. Press.

Gaikwad BB, Bilapate GG, 1992. Castor semilooper, Achaea janata L. in India - a review. Agricultural Reviews (Karnal), 13(1):51-58

Gaikwad BB, Bilapate GG, 1993. Life fecundity tables of Achaea janata on different hosts. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities, 18(1):1-2

Gaikwad BB, Bilapate GG, Jadhav RN, 1993. Growth, development and biometrics of Achaea janata on different hosts. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities, 18(1):2-4

Govindarajan R, Jayaraj S, Narayanan K, 1975. Infection of the castor semi-looper, Achoea janata L. (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera), by Serratia marcescens Bizio. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 45(11-12):550-554

Grewal GS, Garcha HS, Gurdip Singh, 1988. Chemical control of castor semilooper, Achpa janata Linn. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on castor in Punjab. Journal of Research, Punjab Agricultural University, 25(4):581-586

Gujar GT, Mehrotra KN, 1989. Effect of chitin synthesis inhibitors on the castor semilooper, Achpa janata. National Academy Science Letters, 12(8):289-291

Hassan E, 1972. Problems of applied entomology in Papua New Guinea. Anzeiger für Schadlingskunde und Pflanzenschutz, 45(9):129-134

Hua YQ, 1981. Occurrence and control of Achpa melicerta (Drury). Insect Knowledge (Kunchong Zhishi), 18(4):171-172

Ismail A, Salim J, 1982. An outbreak and some notes of the noctuid Achpa janata L., on Excoecaria agallocha L. in Hutan Melintang, Perak. MAPPS Newsletter, 6(2):2-3

Jairaj S, 1969. Madras Agricultural Journal, 56:336-346.

Jayaramaiah M, Gubbaiah, Devaiah MC, Thontadarya TS, 1975. New host records of castor semi-looper, Achaea janata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Current Science, 44(7):248-249

John A, 1991. Trehalose concentration rhythms and their physiological relevance in Achaea janata, PhD Thesis. Trivandrum, Kerala, India: Department of Zoology, University of Kerala.

John A, Muraleedharan D, 1989. Biology and morphometrics of castor semilooper, Achoea janata Linn. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, 9(1):48-55

John A, Muraleedharan D, 1993. Effect of methoprene-ZR515 (JHa) on castor semilooper larvae of Achaea janata (L). Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 31(12):971-976; 43 ref.

Jyani DB, Bharpoda TM, Patel JR, 1996. Bioefficacy of azadirachtin (neem) based formulation against castor semilooper (Achaea janata). Allelopathy in pests management for sustainable agriculture. Proceedings of the International Conference on Allelopathy, Volume 2., 201-206; 10 ref.

Kadam NV, Dalvi CS, Dumbre RB, 1995. Efficacy of diflubenzuron against castor semilooper. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities, 20(1):20-23; 6 ref.

Kamat MN, Bagal SR, Thobbi VV, Rao VG, Phadke CH, 1978. Biological control of castor semi-looper through the use of entomogenous fungus Nomuraea rileyi. Indian Journal of Botany, 1(1/2):69-74

Kattegoudar NF, Alagawadi AR, Pakale N, 1994. Efficacy of whole culture of Bacillus cereus and culture filtrate against the castor semilooper, Achaea janata L. Journal of Entomological Research, 18(3):223-227; 11 ref.

Kavadia VS, Verma SK, 1973. Quisqualis indica Linn. and Dodonea viscosa Linn. as new hosts of castor semilooper, Achoea janata Linn. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 70(1):226-227

Kushwaha KS, Pal SK, 1977. Effectiveness of some insecticides against castor semilooper, Achoea janata Linn. Indian Journal of Entomology, 39(2):193-196

Lu Z, 1982. New records of species of noctuid from China. Entomotaxonomia, 4(1/2):135-137

Lyle GT, 1921. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 12:129-132.

Mote UN, Tambe AB, Patil CS, 1991. Observations on incidence and extent of damage of fruit sucking moths on pomegranate fruits. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities, 16(3):438-439

Mundhe DR, 1980. Insect pest complex on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill) in Marathwada region. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities, 5(3):259-260

Muthukrishnan J, Ananthagowri B, 1994. Botanical pesticides and energetics in the control of the castor semilooper Achaea janata Linnaeus (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). Phytophaga (Madras), 6(2):127-131

Muthukrishnan J, Senthamizhselvan M, 1987. On certain correlations between host parameters and parasitoid production. Annals of Entomology, 5(2):7-10

Nagaraja H, 1978. Studies on Trichogrammatoidea (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Oriental Insects, 12(4):489-529.

Narayana ML, Babu TR, 1992. Evaluation of five insect growth regulators on the egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) (Hym., Trichogrammatidae) and the hatchability of Corcyra cephalonica Staint (Lep., Galleriidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 113(1):56-60

Nayar KK, Ananthakrishnan TN, David BV, 1976. General and Applied Entomology. India: Government Press.

Oatman ER, Pinto JD, Platner GR, 1982. Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) of Hawaii. Pacific Insects, 24(1):1-24

Oblisami G, Ramamoorthi K, Rangaswami G, 1969. Studies on the pathology of some crop pests of South India. Mysore Journal of Agricultural Science, 3:86-98.

Osmani Z, Anees I, Sighamony S, 1987. Potentiation of action of JHA by pepper seed extracts and JH mimic action of the same. International Pest Control, 29(6):128-129

Pal SK, 1977. Relative effectiveness of some chemical insecticides and bacterial insecticides against castor semilooper (Achoea janata L.). Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 5(2):195-198

Parasharya BM, Dodia JF, Yadav DN, Patel RC, 1988. Effect of bird predation and egg parasitism on castor semilooper Achpa janata Linn. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Gujarat. Journal of Biological Control, 2(2):80-82

Patel RC, Yadav DN, 1979. Observations on parasitism of eggs of castor semilooper Achpa janata L. Gujarat Agricultural University Research Journal, 4(2):49-51

Persoons CJ, Vos JD, Yadav JS, Prasad AR, Sighomony S, Jyothi KN, Prasuna AL, 1993. Indo-Dutch cooperation on pheromones of Indian agricultural pest insects: sex pheromone components of Diacrisia obliqua (Arctiidae), Achaea janata (Noctuidae) and Amsacta albistriga (Arctiidae). Bulletin OILB/SROP, 16(10):136-140

Phadnis AP, Patwardhan SA, Dhaneshwar NN, Tavale SS, Row TNG, 1988. Clerodane diterpenoids from Polyalthia longifolia. Phytochemistry, 27(9):2899-2901

Rabindra RJ, Balasubramanian M, 1981. The effect of diflubenzuron on the castor semilooper Achoea janata Linn. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Entomon, 6(1):15-18

Rai PS, Jayaramaiah M, 1978. The castor semilooper, Achpa janata Linnpus (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its control. Journal of the Maharashtra Agricultural Universities, 3(1):73-74

Ram S, Pathak KA, 1987. Record of insect pests of oil seed crops in Manipur. Bulletin of Entomology (New Delhi), 28(1):64-67

Ramachandran R, Mukherjee SN, Sharma RN, 1989. Effects of food deprivation and concentration of azadirachtin [from Azadirachta indica] on the performance of Achpa janata and Spodoptera litura on young and mature leaves of Ricinus communis. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 51(1):29-35

Rao KJ, 1977. Current Science, 6:169.

Rao KJ, Thontadarya TS, Rangadhamaiah K, 1980. New record of Trichogrammatoidea bactrp Nagaraja (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) as an egg parasite of the castor semilooper Achpa janata (Lep.: Noctuidae). Current Science, 49(20):800

Rao PJ, Subrahmanyam B, 1987. Effect of azadirachtin on Achpa janata Linn. and Spodoptera litura (F.) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). Journal of Entomological Research, 11(2):166-169

Rishi Kumar, Sucheta, Khokhar KS, 2002. Taxonomic studies on light trap collected species of Catocalinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Entomological Research, 26(4):323-335.

Room PM, Smith ESC, 1975. Relative abundance and distribution of insect pests, ants and other components of the cocoa ecosystem in Papua New Guinea. Journal of Applied Ecology, 12(1):31-46.

Sah SB, Mandal SK, Ali MS, 2007. Seasonal occurrence and incidence, type of damages in seedling and sapling stages of Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) in Bihar. Environment and Ecology, 25S(Special 1):150-153.

Sahayaraj K, Ambrose DP, 1992. Biology and predatory potential of Endochus umbrinus Reuter (Heteroptera: Harpactorinae: Reduviidae) from south India. Bulletin of Entomology (New Delhi), 33(1/2):42-55; 26 ref.

Salvador AC, Nunez IF, Nagaraja H, Easaw PT, Vanialingam T, 1986. Record of egg parasites of the castor semi-looper Achpa janata (L.) in the Philippines. Philippine Entomologist, 6(6):589-593

Saroja R, Lewin HD, Padmanabhan MD, 1973. Control of the pests of castor (Ricinus communis L.) with insecticides. Madras Agricultural Journal, 60(7):484-486

Sathe TV, Ingawale DM, 1995. Two new species of the genus Apanteles Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 92(1):81-84; 16 ref.

Senapati B, Dash AN, 1989. Insecticidal control of castor semilooper and capsule borer. Madras Agricultural Journal, 76(1):40-42

Shaheen S, Osmani Z, 1980. Juvenile hormone activity of Altosid on Achoea janata L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 18(9):1042-1044

Sharma DR, 2011. New pest problems on fruit crops in Punjab. Journal of Insect Science (Ludhiana), 24(3):300-304.

Sharma RN, Gupta AS, Patwardhan SA, Hebbalkar DS, Tare V, Bhonde SB, 1992. Bioactivity of Lamiaceae plants against insects. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 30(3):244-246.

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Distribution Maps

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Distribution map Australia: Present
Edwards, 1978Australia
See regional map for distribution within the countryChina: Present
Lu, 1982China: Present
Lu, 1982China
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndonesia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryCambodia: Present
Waterhouse, 1993Laos: Present
Waterhouse, 1993Myanmar: Present
Waterhouse, 1993Malaysia: Present
Waterhouse, 1993Malaysia
See regional map for distribution within the countryPapua New Guinea: Present
Hassan, 1972; Room & Smith, 1975Papua New Guinea: Present
Hassan, 1972; Room & Smith, 1975Philippines: Present
Salvador et al., 1986Philippines: Present
Salvador et al., 1986Thailand: Present
Waterhouse, 1993USA
See regional map for distribution within the countryVietnam: Present
Waterhouse, 1993
  • = Present, no further details
  • = Evidence of pathogen
  • = Widespread
  • = Last reported
  • = Localised
  • = Presence unconfirmed
  • = Confined and subject to quarantine
  • = See regional map for distribution within the country
  • = Occasional or few reports
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Distribution map (asia) China: Present
Lu, 1982Guangdong: Present
Hua, 1981Sumatra: Present
Whitten & Damanik, 1986Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Present
Andhra Pradesh: Present
Thobbi & Singh, 1974Bihar: Present
Sah et al., 2007Gujarat: Present
Vyas et al., 1989Haryana: Present
Rishi et al., 2002Karnataka: Present
Jayaramaiah et al., 1975Maharashtra: Present
Mundhe, 1980; Mote et al., 1991Manipur: Present
Ram & Pathak, 1987Madhya Pradesh: Present
Vyas, 1996Odisha: Present
Senapati & Dash, 1989Indian Punjab: Present
Sharma, 2011Rajasthan: Present
Kushwaha & Pal, 1977; Ahmed & Murugesan, 1995Sikkim: Present
Tamil Nadu: Widespread
Ahmed, 1990Uttar Pradesh: Present
Srivastava et al., 1972Cambodia: Present
Waterhouse, 1993Laos: Present
Waterhouse, 1993Myanmar: Present
Waterhouse, 1993Malaysia: Present
Waterhouse, 1993Peninsular Malaysia: Present
Ismail & Salim, 1982Papua New Guinea: Present
Hassan, 1972; Room & Smith, 1975Philippines: Present
Salvador et al., 1986Thailand: Present
Waterhouse, 1993Vietnam: Present
Waterhouse, 1993
Distribution map (europe)
Distribution map (africa)
Distribution map (north america) Hawaii: Present
Oatman et al., 1982
Distribution map (central america)
Distribution map (south america)
Distribution map (pacific) Australia: Present
Edwards, 1978Queensland: PresentChina: Present
Lu, 1982Papua New Guinea: Present
Hassan, 1972; Room & Smith, 1975Philippines: Present
Salvador et al., 1986