Datasheet
Olpidium brassicae (lettuce big vein)
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Identity
Top of pagePreferred Scientific Name
- Olpidium brassicae (Woronin) P.A. Dang.
Preferred Common Name
Other Scientific Names
- Asterocystis radicis De Wild.
- Chytridium brassicae Woronin
- Olpidiaster radicis (De Wild.) Pascher
- Olpidium borzii De Wild.
- Olpidium radicicola De Wild.
- Pleotrachelus brassicae (Woronin) Sahtiy.
International Common Names
- English: seedling blight: tobacco; seedling disease: cabbage
- Spanish: enfermedad de nasciencia
- French: brulure du lin; maladie de la brulure du lin; maladie des grosses nervures de la laitue; necrose des radicelles des cereales
Local Common Names
- Germany: Auflaufkrankheit: Kohl; Gelbsucht: Tabak; Halsbrand: Kohl; Schwarzbeinigkeit: Kohl; Wurzelbrand: Kohl
EPPO code
- OLPIBR (Olpidium brassicae)
Taxonomic Tree
Top of page
- Domain: Eukaryota
- Kingdom: Fungi
- Phylum: Chytridiomycota
- Class: Chytridiomycetes
- Order: Spizellomycetales
- Family: Olpidiaceae
- Genus: Olpidium
- Species: Olpidium brassicae
Distribution Table
Top of pageThe distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.
| Country | Distribution | Last Reported | Origin | First Reported | Invasive | References | Notes | ASIA |
| India | Present | | | | | Ardey & Mukerji, 1986; Singh & Pavagi, 1975 | |
| -Andhra Pradesh | Present | | | | | Subrahmanyam & McDonald, 1980 | |
| -Gujarat | Present | | | | | Subrahmanyam & McDonald, 1980 | |
| -Indian Punjab | Present | | | | | Subrahmanyam & McDonald, 1980 | |
| Japan | Present | | | | | Morikawa & Taga, 2004 | |
| Turkey | Present | | | | | Demirci et al., 1995; Doken et al., 1994 | |
AFRICA |
| South Africa | Present | | | | | Morris & Knox-Davies, 1977 | |
NORTH AMERICA |
| Canada | | | | | | | |
| -Alberta | Present | | | | | Tewari & Bains, 1983 | |
| -Ontario | Present | | | | | Barr & Kemp, 1975; Kemp & Barr, 1978 | |
| -Quebec | Present | | | | | Barr & Kemp, 1975 | |
| USA | | | | | | | |
| -California | Present | | | | | Campbell & Lot, 1996 | |
| -Florida | Present | | | | | Falk & Guzman, 1984 | |
SOUTH AMERICA |
| Brazil | Present | | | | | Lin, 1979 | |
| Chile | Present | | | | | Rosales et al., 2004 | |
| Colombia | Present | | | | | Pineda-Lopez & Martinez-Lopez, 1977 | |
EUROPE |
| Belgium | Present | | | | | Verhoyen et al., 1985 | |
| Czechoslovakia (former) | Present | | | | | Chod et al., 1976; Mali & Bojnansky, 1979 | |
| Denmark | Present | | | | | Lange, 1973; Lange, 1976 | |
| Finland | Present | | | | | Bremer & Lahdenpera, 1980 | |
| Germany | Present | | | | | Bedlan, 1986 | |
| Greece | Present | | | | | Tjavella-Klonari et al., 1991 | |
| Italy | Present | | | | | Vovlas et al., 1973; Diana & Piccirillo, 1994; Ragozzino et al., 1971 | |
| Netherlands | Present | | | | | Rast, 1988; Hakkart et al., 1975; Witte, 1981 | |
| Norway | Present | | | | | Vare et al., 1992 | |
| Russian Federation | Present | | | | | Bojnansky et al., 1974; Medvedskaya, 1981 | |
| Spain | Present | | | | | Izquierde-Tamayo, 1973 | |
| Sweden | Present | | | | | Gripwall, 1986; Ryden & Erikssen, 1978 | |
| UK | Present | | | | | Thomas, 1984 | |
OCEANIA |
| Australia | Present | | | | | Latham & Jones, 2004 | |
| -Tasmania | Present | | | | | Archer et al., 2000 | |
| -Western Australia | Present | | | | | Archer et al., 2000 | |
| New Zealand | Present | | | | | Thomas & Fry, 1972; Thomas, 1973 | |
List of Symptoms
Top of page| Sign | Life Stages | Type | Leaves |
| abnormal colours | | |
Whole plant |
| damping off | | |
| plant dead; dieback | | |
Plant Trade
Top of page| Plant parts liable to carry the pest in trade/transport | Pest stages | Borne internally | Borne externally | Visibility of pest or symptoms | | Bulbs, Tubers, Corms, Rhizomes | hyphae; spores | Yes | | Pest or symptoms not visible to the naked eye but usually visible under light microscope |
| Growing medium accompanying plants | spores | No | Yes | Pest or symptoms usually invisible |
| Roots | hyphae; spores | Yes | | Pest or symptoms not visible to the naked eye but usually visible under light microscope |
| Plant parts not known to carry the pest in trade/transport | | Bark |
| Flowers, Inflorescences, Cones, Calyx |
| Fruits (inc. pods) |
| Leaves |
| Seedlings, Micropropagated plants |
| Stems (above ground), Shoots, Trunks, Branches |
| True seeds (inc. grain) |
| Wood |
References
Top of pageArcher C, Wilson C, Gibson L, 2000. Improving lettuce quality through reduction in losses due to soil borne diseases. In: Australian Lettuce Industry Conference, Hay, New South Wales, Australia, 6-8 June, 2000. Orange, Australia: Library, NSW Agriculture, 80-85.
Ardey J, Mukerji KG, 1986. Fungi associated with the roots of herbaceous plants. Current Science, India, 55(18):934-935
Barr DJS, 1988. Zoosporic plant parasites as fungal vectors of viruses: taxonomy and life cycles of the species involved. In: Cooper JI, Asher MJC, eds. Developments in Applied Biology 2, 1988, Viruses with Fungal Vectors. Wellesbourne, UK: Association of Applied Biologists, 123-137.
Barr DJS, Kemp WG, 1975. Olpidium brassicae, tobacco necrosis virus, and Pythium spp. in relation to rusty root of carrots in Ontario and Quebec. Canadian Plant Disease Survey, 55(2):77-82
Bedlan G, 1986. Seedling diseases. Pflanzenschutz, No. 1:13-14; [3 fig.].
Bojnansky V, Subikova V, Mali VR, 1974. New host plant of tobacco necrosis virus and its vector. Pol'nohospodarstvo, 20(6/7):429-435
Bollen GJ, Volker D, Bertoldi M de, Sequi P, Lemmes B, Papi T, 1996. The Science of Composting. Part 1. Glasgow, UK: Blackie Academic & Professional, 233-246.
Bos L, Huijberts N, 1990. Screening for resistance to big-vein disease of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Crop Protection, 9(6):446-452
Bos L, Huijberts N, 1996. Lettuce ring necrosis, caused by a chytrid-borne agent distinct from lettuce big-vein 'virus'. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 102(9):867-873; 22 ref.
Bremer K, Lahdenpera M-L, 1980. A disease of out-door cucumbers caused by the tobacco necrosis virus in Finland. Annales Agriculturae Fenniae, 19(1):5-8
Campbell RN, 1996. Fungal transmission of plant viruses. Annual Review of Plant Pathology, 34:87-108.
Campbell RN, Lot H, 1996. Lettuce ring necrosis, a viruslike disease of lettuce: evidence for transmission by Olpidium brassicae. Plant Disease, 80(6):611-615; 20 ref.
Campbell RN, Sim ST, 1994. Host specificity and nomenclature of Olpidium bornovanus (=Olpidium radicale) and comparisons to Olpidium brassicae. Canadian Journal of Botany, 72(8):1136-1143
Chod J, Polak J, Kudela V, Jokes M, 1976. Finding of lettuce big vein virus in Czechoslovakia. Biologia Plantarum, 18(1):63-66
D÷ken MT, Demirci E, Acikg÷z S, 1994. Morphology of Olpidium brassicae (Wor.) Dang. and its transmission of big-vein virus to lettuce. Journal of Turkish Phytopathology, 23(3):133-142; 17 ref.
Demirci E, Acikgoz S, Dohen MT, 1995. Relations of some weed species with lettuce big-vein virus in Ereurum-Turkiye. Journal of Turkish Phytopathology, 24(3):135-137.
Diana G, Piccirillo P, 1994. Adversities of the tobacco crop: fungi. Informatore Fitopatologico, 44(1):7-16; 16 ref.
Dorst HJM Van, Peters D, 1988. Experiences with freesia leaf necrosis virus and its presumed vector, Olpidium brassicae. In: Cooper JI, Asher MJC, eds. 1988 Viruses with Fungal Vectors. Wellesbourne, UK : Assoc. Appl. Biol.
Falk BW, Guzman VL, 1984. First report of lettuce big vein in Florida. Plant Disease, 68(10):918
Gamliel A, Hadar E, Katan J, 1993. Improvement of growth and yield of Gypsophila paniculata by solarization or fumigation of soil or container medium in continuous cropping systems. Plant Disease, 77(9):933-938
Gharbi S, Meunier S, Verhoyen M, 1990. A new method for determining the efficacy of products and fungicides for controlling Olpidium brassicae and transmission of viruses in nutrient film culture solution. Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, 55(3a):1073-1083
Gharbi S, Verhoyen M, 1993. Sterilization by UV irradiation of nutrient solutions with a view to avoiding viral infections transmitted by O. brassicae in hydroponic culture of lettuce. Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen, Universiteit Gent, 58(3a):1113-1124
Gharbi S, Verhoyen M, 1994. Effect of temperature and pH on Olpidium brassicae. Mededelingen - Faculteit Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen, Universiteit Gent, 59(3a):819-833
Gokpinar D, Eppler A, Schlosser E, 1988. Differentiation of strains of tobacco necrosis virus in sugarbeet. Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, 53(2a):515-520
Gripwall E, 1986. Incidence of lettuce big vein in Sweden. Vaxtskyddsnotiser, 50(4-5):133-135, 141
Hakkart FA, Rattink H, Nederpel L, Beuzenberg MP, Dorst HJM, Van, 1975. Annual Report 1974 Research Station for Flower Diseases in the Netherlands at Aalsmeer.
Hiruki C, 1967. Host specificity in transmission of tobacco stunt virus by Olpidium brassicae. Virology, 33:131-136.
Hiruki C, 1987. Recovery and identification of tobacco stunt virus from air-dried resting spores of Olpidium brassicae. Plant Pathology, 36(2):224-228
Izquierdo Tamayo A, 1973. The phycomycete Olpidium brassicae (Woronin) Dangeard, its attack on tobacco seed-beds and its role as a virus vector. Anales del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias, Proteccion Vegetal, No. 3:107-129
Kemp WG, Barr DJS, 1978. Natural occurrence of tobacco necrosis virus in a rusty-root disease complex of Daucus carota in Ontario. Phytopathologische Zeitschrift, 91(3):203-217
Lange L, 1973. [Tulip] infection by Queen Augusta disease (tobacco necrosis virus = TNV). Ugeskrift for Agronomer og Hortonomer, 2(28):493-494
Lange L, 1976. Augusta disease in tulips, Field experiments with tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) and its vector Olpidium brassicae. Tidsskrift for Planteavl, 80(2):153-169
Latham LJ, Jones RAC, 2004. Deploying partially resistant genotypes and plastic mulch on the soil surface to suppress spread of lettuce big-vein disease in lettuce. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 55(2):131-138.
Lin MT, 1979. Occurrence and host range of Olpidium brassicae in Central Brazil. Plant Disease Reporter, 63(1):10-12
Mali VR, Bojnansky V, 1979. Occurrence of Olpidium brassicae (Wor.) Dang. on Euonymus europpa L. in Czechoslovakia. Biologia, Czechoslovakia, 34(1):47-54
Medvedskaya IG, 1981. Virus diseases of glasshouse cucumber. Zashchita Rastenii, 5:44-45
Morikawa T, Taga Y, 2004. Detection of Olpidium brassicae by a baiting plant method from field soils in Japan, and their transmissibility of tulip mild mottle mosaic virus. Soil Microorganisms, 58(1):43-52.
Morris MJ, Knox-Davies PS, 1977. Olpidium brassicae reported in South Africa. Phytophylactica, 9(3):71-72
Nott L, Bambridge J, Walsh JA, 2003. Development of diagnostics for the detection and quantification of Olpidium brassicae. Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium of the International Working Group on Plant Viruses with Fungal Vectors, Institute of Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland, 22-25 July, 2002 [Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium of the International Working Group on Plant Viruses with Fungal Vectors, Institute of Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland, 22-25 July, 2002.]:29-30.
Pineda-Lopez B, Martinez-Lopez G, 1977. Observaciones preliminares sobre la presencia de Olpidium brassicae (Wor.) Dang. y su posible asociacion con el "lettuce big-vein agent" en Colombia. Fitopatologia, 12(1):20-23.
Ragozzino A, Caia R, Xafis C, 1971. Pathogenic lettuce viruses in Campania. Note I. Rivista della Ortoflorofrutticoltura Italiana, 55(4):356-376
Rast ATB, 1988. Occurrence of pepper yellow vein in the Netherlands. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology, 94(6):311-313
Rast ATB, 1993. Transmission of the pepper yellow vein agent by pepper and lettuce isolates of Olpidium brassicae. Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen, Universiteit Gent, 58(3a):1093-1095
Rosales IM, Sepúlveda P, Bruna A, 2004. First report of lettuce big-vein virus and Mirafiori lettuce virus in Chile. Plant Disease, 88(11):1286. http://www.apsnet.org
Ryden K, Eriksson B, 1978. Soil-borne viruses and their vectors in Swedish plant nurseries. Vaxtskyddsrapporter, Tradgard 3:50 pp.
Ryder EJ, Robinson BJ, 1991. 'Pacific' lettuce. HortScience, 26(4):437-438; 7 ref.
Singh SL, Pavgi MS, 1975. Occurrence of Olpidium brassicae in India. Current Science, 44(3):89-91
Subrahmanyam P, McDonald D, 1980. Occurrence of Olpidium brassicae on groundnut. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 75(3):506-509
Tewari JP, Bains P, 1983. Fungi associated with the roots of clover in Alberta. 1. Olpidium brassicae and Ligniera sp. Canadian Plant Disease Survey, 63(2):35-37
Thomas BJ, 1984. Occurrence and epidemiology of the cucumber necrosis strain of tobacco necrosis virus in cucumber crops. Report of the Glasshouse Crops Research Institute for 1982; 117-123. Littlehampton, West Sussex, UK.
Thomas W, 1973. A necrotic disease of glasshouse beans caused by bean stipple streak virus. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 16(1):150-154
Thomas W, Fry PR, 1972. Cucumber systemic necrosis caused by a strain of tobacco necrosis virus. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 15(4):857-866
Tjavella-Klonari K, Manousopoulos J, Katis N, Tomlinson JA, Clay CM, 1991. Occurrence of lettuce big vein disease in Greece. Acta Horticulturae, No. 287:435-441; 8 ref.
Vanachter A, Vanachter A, 1995. Development of Olpidium and Pythium in the nutrient solutions of NFT grown lettuce, and possible control methods. Fourth International Symposium on Soil and Substrate Infestation and Disinfestation, Leuven, Belgium, 6-12 Sepetember, 1993. Acta Horticulturae, 382:187-196.
Vare H, Vestberg M, Eurola S, 1992. Mycorrhiza and root-associated fungi in Spitsbergen. Mycorrhiza, 1(3):93-104
Verhoyen M, Legrand G, Meunier S, 1985. Investigations of the aetiology of a necrotic ringspot of lettuce. Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen Rijksuniversiteit Gent, 50(3b):1295-1300
Vovlas N, Avgelis A, D'Urso M, 1973. Nematodes and viruses, causes of serious damage in anemone cultivation in southern Italy. Informatore Fitopatologico, 23(8):19-22
Walkey DGA, Bolland CJ, Miller A, Walsh JA, Tomlinson JA, Pink DAC, Thomas CJR, Stanghellini ME, 1986. Virus diseases of lettuce. 36th Annual Report for 1985, National Vegetable Research Station Wellesbourne, Warwick, UK; National Vegetable Research Station, 54-56
White JG, 1980. Control of lettuce big-vein disease by soil sterilisation. Plant Pathology, 29(3):124-130
White JG, 1983. The use of methyl bromide and carbendazim for the control of lettuce big-vein disease. Plant Pathology, 32(2):151-157
Witte M de, 1981. A new virus in cucumbers on rockwool. Melon necrosis virus. Groenten en Fruit, 36(50):48-49.
Distribution Maps
Top of page
- = Present, no further details
- = Evidence of pathogen
- = Widespread
- = Last reported
- = Localised
- = Presence unconfirmed
- = Confined and subject to quarantine
- = See regional map for distribution within the country
- = Occasional or few reports