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Datasheet

Myrothecium roridum (blight: eggplant)

Summary

  • Last modified
  • 01 August 2016
  • Datasheet Type(s)
  • Pest
  • Natural Enemy
  • Preferred Scientific Name
  • Myrothecium roridum
  • Preferred Common Name
  • blight: eggplant
  • Taxonomic Tree
  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Fungi
  •         Phylum: Ascomycota
  •             Subphylum: Pezizomycotina
  •                 Class: Sordariomycetes

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Pictures

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PictureTitleCaptionCopyright
Leaf spot of soyabean caused by M. roridum; leaves showing round to oval spots with light-brown centre portions encircled by thick, dark-brown rings.
TitleSymptoms
CaptionLeaf spot of soyabean caused by M. roridum; leaves showing round to oval spots with light-brown centre portions encircled by thick, dark-brown rings.
CopyrightVed Prakash Gupta
Leaf spot of soyabean caused by M. roridum; leaves showing round to oval spots with light-brown centre portions encircled by thick, dark-brown rings.
SymptomsLeaf spot of soyabean caused by M. roridum; leaves showing round to oval spots with light-brown centre portions encircled by thick, dark-brown rings.Ved Prakash Gupta
Leaf spot of soyabean caused by M. roridum; leaves showing round to oval spots with a light-brown centre portion encircled by a thick, dark-brown ring.
TitleSymptoms
CaptionLeaf spot of soyabean caused by M. roridum; leaves showing round to oval spots with a light-brown centre portion encircled by a thick, dark-brown ring.
CopyrightVed Prakash Gupta
Leaf spot of soyabean caused by M. roridum; leaves showing round to oval spots with a light-brown centre portion encircled by a thick, dark-brown ring.
SymptomsLeaf spot of soyabean caused by M. roridum; leaves showing round to oval spots with a light-brown centre portion encircled by a thick, dark-brown ring. Ved Prakash Gupta

Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

  • Myrothecium roridum Tode

Preferred Common Name

  • blight: eggplant

International Common Names

  • English: leaf spot: coffee; myrothecium leaf spot; ring rot: tomato; stem necrosis: coffee
  • Spanish: necrosis del cafe; podredumbre anular de las solanaceas
  • French: necrose du cafeier; pourriture annulaire des solanacees

Local Common Names

  • Germany: Blattflecken: Kaffee; Rindennekrose: Kaffeesaemling

EPPO code

  • MYRORO (Myrothecium roridum)

Taxonomic Tree

Top of page
  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Fungi
  •         Phylum: Ascomycota
  •             Subphylum: Pezizomycotina
  •                 Class: Sordariomycetes
  •                     Subclass: Hypocreomycetidae
  •                         Order: Hypocreales
  •                             Genus: Myrothecium
  •                                 Species: Myrothecium roridum

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

CountryDistributionLast ReportedOriginFirst ReportedInvasiveReferencesNotes

ASIA

ArmeniaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
BangladeshPresentUK CAB International, 1984
Brunei DarussalamPresentUK CAB International, 1984
CambodiaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
ChinaPresentLi et al., 2015
-BeijingPresentLi et al., 2014; Ben et al., 2016
-GuangdongPresentZhang et al., 2011
-Hong KongPresentUK CAB International, 1984
IndiaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
-BiharPresentUK CAB International, 1984
-DelhiPresentUK CAB International, 1984
-GujaratPresentUK CAB International, 1984
-HaryanaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
-Himachal PradeshPresentCAB Abstracts
-Indian PunjabPresentUK CAB International, 1984
-KeralaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
-Madhya PradeshPresent
-MaharashtraPresentUK CAB International, 1984
-RajasthanPresentUK CAB International, 1984
-Uttar PradeshPresentUK CAB International, 1984
-West BengalPresentUK CAB International, 1984
IndonesiaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
-Irian JayaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
-JavaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
IranPresentUK CAB International, 1984
IraqPresentUK CAB International, 1984
IsraelPresentCAB Abstracts
JapanPresentCAB Abstracts
Korea, Republic ofPresentCAB Abstracts
KuwaitPresentUK CAB International, 1984
MalaysiaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
MyanmarPresentUK CAB International, 1984
NepalPresentUK CAB International, 1984
PakistanPresentUK CAB International, 1984
PhilippinesPresentUK CAB International, 1984
Saudi ArabiaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
SingaporePresentUK CAB International, 1984
Sri LankaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
TaiwanPresentHong et al., 2013
ThailandPresentUK CAB International, 1984
TurkeyPresentUK CAB International, 1984
YemenPresentUK CAB International, 1984

AFRICA

CongoPresentUK CAB International, 1984
Côte d'IvoirePresentUK CAB International, 1984
EgyptPresentUK CAB International, 1984
GhanaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
KenyaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
LibyaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
MauritiusPresentUK CAB International, 1984
NigeriaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
SenegalPresentUK CAB International, 1984
Sierra LeonePresentUK CAB International, 1984
South AfricaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
SudanPresentUK CAB International, 1984
TanzaniaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
UgandaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
ZambiaPresentUK CAB International, 1984

NORTH AMERICA

BermudaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
CanadaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
-British ColumbiaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
MexicoPresentUK CAB International, 1984
USAPresentUK CAB International, 1984
-AlabamaPresent
-CaliforniaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
-ColoradoPresentUK CAB International, 1984
-FloridaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
-LouisianaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
-MarylandPresentUK CAB International, 1984
-OhioPresentUK CAB International, 1984
-PennsylvaniaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
-TennesseePresentMmbaga et al., 2010
-TexasPresentUK CAB International, 1984
-VirginiaPresentUK CAB International, 1984

CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN

BarbadosPresentUK CAB International, 1984
Costa RicaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
CubaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
El SalvadorPresentUK CAB International, 1984
GuatemalaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
JamaicaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
Puerto RicoPresentUK CAB International, 1984
Trinidad and TobagoPresentUK CAB International, 1984

SOUTH AMERICA

ArgentinaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
BrazilPresentUK CAB International, 1984
-AmazonasPresentCabral et al., 2009
-Rio Grande do NortePresent
ChilePresentUK CAB International, 1984
ColombiaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
VenezuelaPresentUK CAB International, 1984

EUROPE

DenmarkPresentUK CAB International, 1984
Former USSRPresentUK CAB International, 1984
GermanyPresentUK CAB International, 1984
HungaryPresent
ItalyPresentUK CAB International, 1984
NetherlandsPresentUK CAB International, 1984
PolandPresentUK CAB International, 1984
SpainPresent
SwitzerlandPresentUK CAB International, 1984
UKPresentUK CAB International, 1984

OCEANIA

American SamoaPresentBrooks, 2002
AustraliaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
-South AustraliaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
New CaledoniaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
New ZealandPresentUK CAB International, 1984
Papua New GuineaPresentUK CAB International, 1984
Solomon IslandsPresentUK CAB International, 1984

Host plants/Plants Affected

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Plant nameFamilyContext
Abutilon megapotamicumMalvaceaeOther
Anthurium andreanumAraceaeOther
Anubias barteriAraceaeOther
Aphelandra squarrosa (Zebra plant)AcanthaceaeUnknown
Arachis hypogaea (groundnut)FabaceaeMain
AsterAsteraceaeUnknown
Boehmeria nivea (ramie)UrticaceaeUnknown
Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)FabaceaeUnknown
Carica papaya (pawpaw)CaricaceaeUnknown
Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle)ApocynaceaeOther
Coffea (coffee)RubiaceaeMain
Coffea canephora (robusta coffee)RubiaceaeOther
Commelina benghalensis (wandering jew)CommelinaceaeUnknown
Cucumis anguria (gerkin)CucurbitaceaeOther
Cucumis melo (melon)CucurbitaceaeUnknown
Cucumis sativus (cucumber)CucurbitaceaeOther
Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin)CucurbitaceaeOther
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar)FabaceaeUnknown
Dieffenbachia maculata (spotted dumbcane)AraceaeOther
Gardenia jasminoides (cape jasmine)RubiaceaeUnknown
Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily)IridaceaeUnknown
Glycine max (soyabean)FabaceaeUnknown
Gossypium (cotton)MalvaceaeMain
Helianthus annuus (sunflower)AsteraceaeUnknown
Hemionitis arifoliaPteridaceaeOther
Hydrangea macrophylla (French hydrangea)HydrangeaceaeOther
Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam)BalsaminaceaeUnknown
Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean)FabaceaeUnknown
Lactuca sativa (lettuce)AsteraceaeUnknown
Momordica charantia (bitter gourd)CucurbitaceaeUnknown
Morus (mulberrytree)MoraceaeUnknown
Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)FabaceaeUnknown
Pisum sativum (pea)FabaceaeUnknown
Plectranthus verticillatusLamiaceaeOther
Populus (poplars)SalicaceaeUnknown
Senna obtusifolia (sicklepod)FabaceaeUnknown
Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)SolanaceaeMain
Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)PoaceaeUnknown
Vicia faba (faba bean)FabaceaeUnknown
Vigna (cowpea)FabaceaeUnknown
Vigna aconitifolia (moth beans)FabaceaeUnknown
Vigna mungo (black gram)FabaceaeUnknown
Vigna radiata (mung bean)FabaceaeUnknown
Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)FabaceaeUnknown
Viola odorata (English violet)ViolaceaeMain
Zantedeschia aethiopica (calla lily)AraceaeOther

Growth Stages

Top of pagePost-harvest

References

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Ben HaiYan, Gao Wei, Qu HongYun, Chai ALi, Shi YanXia, Xie XueWen, Li BaoJu, 2016. New host record of Myrothecium roridum causing leaf spot on Abutilon megapotamicum from China. Journal of Phytopathology, 164(7/8):563-566. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1439-0434

Ben HaiYan, Zhao YanJie, Chai ALi, Shi YanXia, Xie XueWen, Li BaoJu, 2015. First report of Myrothecium roridum causing leaf spot on Anthurium andraeanum in China. Journal of Phytopathology, 163(2):144-147. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1439-0434

Brooks F, 2002. List of Plant Diseases in American Samoa 2002. Land Grant Technical Report No. 44. Pago Pago, American Samoa: American Samoa Community College Land Grant Program.

Cabral CS, Henz GP, Moreira AJA, Reis A, 2009. New cucurbitaceous hosts of Myrothecium roridum in Amazonas State, Brazil. Tropical Plant Pathology, 34(6):402-405. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1982-56762009000600006&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en

Hong CF, Tsai SF, Yeh HC, Fan MC, 2013. First report of Myrothecium roridum causing myrothecium leaf spot on Dieffenbachia picta 'Camilla' in Taiwan. Plant Disease, 97(9):1253. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Li BJ, Ben HY, Shi YX, Xie XW, Chai AL, 2014. First report of Myrothecium roridum causing leaf spot on Zantedeschia aethiopica in China. Plant Disease, 98(6):854. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Li BJ, Chai AL, Ben HY, 2015. First report of Myrothecium roridum causing leaf spot of Swedish ivy in China. Plant Disease, 99(10):1447. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Mmbaga MT, Li Y, Kim MS, 2010. First report of Myrothecium roridum causing leaf spot on garden hydrangea in the United States. Plant Disease, 94(10):1266. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

UK CAB International, 1984. Myrothecium roridum. [Distribution map]. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, December (Edition 2):Map 458.

Zhang YX, Huang JH, Xiang MM, 2011. First report of Myrothecium leaf spot of Hemionitis arifolia caused by Myrothecium roridum in China. Plant Disease, 95(8):1030. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Distribution Maps

Top of page
Distribution map Armenia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Armenia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Argentina: Present
UK CAB International, 1984American Samoa: Present
Brooks, 2002Australia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Australia
See regional map for distribution within the countryBarbados: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Barbados: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Bangladesh: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Bermuda: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Brunei Darussalam: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Brazil: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Brazil
See regional map for distribution within the countryBrazil
See regional map for distribution within the countryCanada: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Canada
See regional map for distribution within the countryCongo: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Switzerland: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Côte d'Ivoire: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Chile: Present
UK CAB International, 1984China: Present
Li et al., 2015China: Present
Li et al., 2015China
See regional map for distribution within the countryChina
See regional map for distribution within the countryChina
See regional map for distribution within the countryColombia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Colombia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Costa Rica: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Costa Rica: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Cuba: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Cuba: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Germany: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Denmark: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Egypt: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Spain: PresentSpain: PresentUK: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Ghana: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Guatemala: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Guatemala: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Hungary: PresentIndonesia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Indonesia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Indonesia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndonesia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndonesia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIsrael: PresentIsrael: PresentIndia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984India
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIraq: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Iraq: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Iraq: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Iran: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Iran: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Iran: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Italy: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Jamaica: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Jamaica: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Japan: PresentKenya: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Cambodia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Korea, Republic of: PresentKuwait: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Kuwait: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Sri Lanka: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Libya: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Myanmar: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Mauritius: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Mexico: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Mexico: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Malaysia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984New Caledonia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Nigeria: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Netherlands: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Nepal: Present
UK CAB International, 1984New Zealand: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Papua New Guinea: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Papua New Guinea: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Philippines: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Philippines: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Pakistan: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Poland: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Puerto Rico: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Puerto Rico: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Saudi Arabia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Saudi Arabia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Solomon Islands: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Sudan: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Singapore: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Sierra Leone: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Senegal: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Former USSR: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Former USSR: Present
UK CAB International, 1984El Salvador: Present
UK CAB International, 1984El Salvador: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Thailand: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Turkey: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Turkey: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Turkey: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Trinidad and Tobago: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Trinidad and Tobago: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Taiwan: Present
Hong et al., 2013Taiwan: Present
Hong et al., 2013Tanzania: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Uganda: Present
UK CAB International, 1984USA: Present
UK CAB International, 1984USA: Present
UK CAB International, 1984USA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryVenezuela: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Venezuela: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Yemen: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Yemen: Present
UK CAB International, 1984South Africa: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Zambia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984
  • = Present, no further details
  • = Evidence of pathogen
  • = Widespread
  • = Last reported
  • = Localised
  • = Presence unconfirmed
  • = Confined and subject to quarantine
  • = See regional map for distribution within the country
  • = Occasional or few reports
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Distribution map (asia) Armenia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Bangladesh: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Brunei Darussalam: Present
UK CAB International, 1984China: Present
Li et al., 2015Beijing: Present
Li et al., 2014; Ben et al., 2016Guangdong: Present
Zhang et al., 2011Hong Kong: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Indonesia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Irian Jaya: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Java: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Israel: PresentIndia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Bihar: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Delhi: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Gujarat: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Himachal Pradesh: PresentHaryana: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Kerala: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Maharashtra: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Madhya Pradesh: PresentIndian Punjab: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Rajasthan: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Uttar Pradesh: Present
UK CAB International, 1984West Bengal: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Iraq: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Iran: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Japan: PresentCambodia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Korea, Republic of: PresentKuwait: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Sri Lanka: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Myanmar: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Malaysia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Nepal: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Papua New Guinea: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Philippines: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Pakistan: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Saudi Arabia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Singapore: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Former USSR: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Thailand: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Turkey: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Taiwan: Present
Hong et al., 2013Yemen: Present
UK CAB International, 1984
Distribution map (europe) Armenia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Switzerland: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Germany: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Denmark: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Spain: PresentUK: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Hungary: PresentIraq: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Iran: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Italy: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Netherlands: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Poland: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Former USSR: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Turkey: Present
UK CAB International, 1984
Distribution map (africa) Congo: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Côte d'Ivoire: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Egypt: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Spain: PresentGhana: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Israel: PresentIraq: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Iran: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Kenya: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Kuwait: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Libya: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Mauritius: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Nigeria: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Saudi Arabia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Sudan: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Sierra Leone: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Senegal: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Turkey: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Tanzania: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Uganda: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Yemen: Present
UK CAB International, 1984South Africa: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Zambia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984
Distribution map (north america) Bermuda: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Canada: Present
UK CAB International, 1984British Columbia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Cuba: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Guatemala: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Jamaica: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Mexico: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Puerto Rico: Present
UK CAB International, 1984El Salvador: Present
UK CAB International, 1984USA: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Alabama: PresentCalifornia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Colorado: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Florida: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Louisiana: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Maryland: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Ohio: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Pennsylvania: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Tennessee: Present
Mmbaga et al., 2010Texas: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Virginia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984
Distribution map (central america) Barbados: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Colombia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Costa Rica: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Cuba: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Guatemala: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Jamaica: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Mexico: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Puerto Rico: Present
UK CAB International, 1984El Salvador: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Trinidad and Tobago: Present
UK CAB International, 1984USA: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Florida: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Venezuela: Present
UK CAB International, 1984
Distribution map (south america) Argentina: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Barbados: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Brazil: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Amazonas: Present
Cabral et al., 2009Rio Grande do Norte: PresentChile: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Colombia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Costa Rica: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Trinidad and Tobago: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Venezuela: Present
UK CAB International, 1984
Distribution map (pacific) American Samoa: Present
Brooks, 2002Australia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984South Australia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984China: Present
Li et al., 2015Indonesia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Irian Jaya: Present
UK CAB International, 1984New Caledonia: Present
UK CAB International, 1984New Zealand: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Papua New Guinea: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Philippines: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Solomon Islands: Present
UK CAB International, 1984Taiwan: Present
Hong et al., 2013