Monilinia fructicola (brown rot)

Pictures

Picture	Title	Caption	Copyright
Title Brown rot on plum Caption Copyright AgrEvo	Brown rot on plum		AgrEvo
Title Brown rot on peach Caption Copyright AgrEvo	Brown rot on peach		AgrEvo
Title Brown rot on sour cherries Caption American brown rot on sour cherries; decay of sour cherries by Monilinia fructicola and sporulation of the pathogen. Copyright Alan L. Jones	Brown rot on sour cherries	American brown rot on sour cherries; decay of sour cherries by Monilinia fructicola and sporulation of the pathogen.	Alan L. Jones
Title Fruiting bodies Caption American brown rot on peach; Apothecia or cup-shaped fruiting bodies of brown rot arising from a peach mummy. Copyright Alan L. Jones	Fruiting bodies	American brown rot on peach; Apothecia or cup-shaped fruiting bodies of brown rot arising from a peach mummy.	Alan L. Jones
Title Symptoms Caption American brown rot on peach; Sporulation of the brown rot fungus on peach following infection of the shoot tip. Copyright Alan L. Jones	Symptoms	American brown rot on peach; Sporulation of the brown rot fungus on peach following infection of the shoot tip.	Alan L. Jones

Identity

Preferred Scientific Name

• Monilinia fructicola (G. Winter) Honey

Preferred Common Name

• brown rot

Other Scientific Names

• Monilia fructicola L.R. Batra [anamorph] L.R. Batra
• Sclerotinia fructicola (G. Winter) Rehm

International Common Names

• English: American brown rot of stone fruit; brown rot of apple; brown rot of cherry; twig canker of stone fruit
• Spanish: podredumbre parda (frutos de hueso); podredumbre parda de la vid; quemadura de los brotes del cerezo; quemadura esclerotica del cerezo; rot-pardo de los frutales
• French: brulure des rameaux; brulure sclerotique des arbres fruitiers à noyau; pourriture brune des arbres fruitiers à noyau; rot-brun des arbres fruitiers

Local Common Names

• Germany: Braunfäule: Apfel; Fruchtfäule: Steinobst; Polsterschimmel: Steinobst

EPPO code

• MONIFC (Monilinia fructicola)

Taxonomic Tree

• Domain: Eukaryota
•     Kingdom: Fungi
•         Phylum: Ascomycota
•             Subphylum: Pezizomycotina
•                 Class: Leotiomycetes
•                     Subclass: Leotiomycetidae
•                         Order: Helotiales
•                             Family: Sclerotiniaceae
•                                 Genus: Monilinia
•                                     Species: Monilinia fructicola

Distribution Table

The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Host plants/Plants Affected

Growth Stages

List of Symptoms

Natural Enemies

Plant Trade

References

Beckerman JL, Creswell T, 2014. First report of brown rot (Monilinia fructicola) on the dogwood, Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas). Plant Disease, 98(9):1275-1276. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Biggs AR, Northover J, 1988. Influence of temperature and wetness duration on infection of peach and sweet cherry fruits by Monilinia fructicola. Phytopathology, 78(10):1352-1356

Brackmann A, Garibaldi N, Mauch N, 1984. Evaluation of the efficiency of fungicides for the post-harvest control of rots in peach (Prunus persica). Anais do VII Congresso Brasileiro de Fruticultura, 4:1080-1087.

Burnett A, Lalancette N, McFarland K, 2010. First report of the peach brown rot fungus Monilinia fructicola resistant to demethylation inhibitor fungicides in New Jersey. Plant Disease, 94(1):126. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Byrde RJW, Willetts HJ, 1977. The Brown Rot Fungi of Fruit. Their Biology and Control. Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press, 171 pp.

CABI/EPPO, 1998. Distribution maps of quarantine pests for Europe (edited by Smith IM, Charles LMF). Wallingford, UK: CAB International, xviii + 768 pp.

CABI/EPPO, 2010. Monilinia fructicola. [Distribution map]. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, No.April. Wallingford, UK: CABI, Map 50 (Edition 8).

Choi HyoWon, Hong SungKee, Lee YoungKee, Nam YoungJu, Lee JaeGuem, Shim HongSik, 2014. Characterization of Monilinia fructicola associated with brown rot of cherry fruit in Korea. Korean Journal of Mycology, 42(4):353-356. http://www.koreascience.or.kr/search/articlepdf_ocean.jsp?url=http://ocean.kisti.re.kr/downfile/volume/mycology/GNHHDL/2014/v42n4/GNHHDL_2014_v42n4_353.pdf

Elmer PAG, Gaunt RE, 1986. A survey of fungicide insensitivity in Monilinia fructicola. Proceedings of the 39th New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, Palmerston North, New Zealand: New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Society, 166-169

Elmer PAG, Gaunt RE, 1988. Dicarboximide resistance and disease control in brown rot of stonefruit. Proceedings of the 41st New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Conference, Palmerston North, New Zealand: New Zealand Weed and Pest Control Society, 271-274

EPPO, 1990. Specific quarantine requirements. EPPO Technical Documents, No. 1008. Paris, France: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization.

EPPO, 2009. PM 7/18(2): Monilinia fructicola. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 39(3):337-343. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/epp

EPPO, 2014. PQR database. Paris, France: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. http://www.eppo.int/DATABASES/pqr/pqr.htm

European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, 1988. EPPO data sheets on quarantine organisms Opogona sacchari (Bojer) Lepidoptera: Tineidae. EPPO Bulletin, 18(3):513-516

Feliciano A, Feliciano AJ, Ogawa JM, 1987. Monilinia fructicola resistance in the peach cultivar Bolinha. Phytopathology, 77(6):776-780

Grabke A, Hu MJ, Luo CX, Bryson PK, Schnabel G, 2011. First report of brown rot of apple caused by Monilinia fructicola in Germany. Plant Disease, 95(6):772. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Harman JE, Beever DJ, 1987. The use of post-harvest fungicides to control storage rots in nectarines. Orchardist of New Zealand, 60(10):384

Hilber-Bodmer M, Bünter M, Patocchi A, 2010. First report of brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola on apricot in a Swiss orchard. Plant Disease, 94(5):643. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Hinrichs-Berger J, Müller G, 2010. First detection of Monilia fructicola in Baden-W?rttemberg. (Erster Nachweis von Monilia fructicola in Baden-Württemberg.) Julius-Kühn-Archiv [57. Deutsche Pflanzenschutztagung, Berlin, Germany, 6-9 September, 2010.], No.428:235-236. http://pub.jki.bund.de/index.php/JKA/issue/archive

Hu MengJun, Cox KD, Schnabel G, Luo ChaoXi, 2011. Monilinia species causing brown rot of peach in China. PLoS ONE, No.September:e24990. http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0024990

Hu MJ, Chen Y, Chen SN, Liu XL, Yin LF, Luo CX, 2011. First report of brown rot of peach caused by Monilinia fructicola in southeastern China. Plant Disease, 95(2):225. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Ivic D, Fazinic T, Cole J, Novak A, 2014. Monilinia species identified on peach and nectarine in Croatia, with the first record of Monilinia fructicola. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 44(1):70-72. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2338

Layne REC, 1985. 'Harrow Diamond' peach. HortScience, 20:1143-1144.

Martini C, Francesco Adi, Lantos A, Mari M, 2015. First report of Asiatic brown rot (Monilinia polystroma) and brown rot (Monilinia fructicola) on pears in Italy. Plant Disease, 99(4):556. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Martini C, Spadoni A, Mari M, 2013. First report of brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola on apple in Italy. Plant Disease, 97(5):689. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Michailides TJ, Spotts RA, 1990. Transmission of Mucor piriformis to fruit of Prunus persica by Carpophilus spp. and Drosophila melanogaster. Plant Disease, 74(4):287-291.

Montero JC, Esposito SM, Gonzalez de Las Heras BA, 1985. Evaluation of nutrients as modifiers of the predisposition of nectarines to brown rot and behaviour of benzimidazoles in controlling the disease. Boletin Tecnico Estacion Experimental de Mercedes, 5(5):11 pp.

Mordue JEM, 1979. Sclerotinia fructicola, S. fructigena, S. laxa. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria, Nos 616, 617, 619. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

Moreira LM, May-de Mio LL, Valdebenito-Sanhueza RM, 2008. Antagonistic fungi and effect of chemical products in the control of brown rot in peach orchards. (Fungos antagonistas e efeito de produtos químicos no controle da podridão parda em pomar de pessegueiro.) Summa Phytopathologica, 34(3):272-276. http://www.scielo.br/pdf/sp/v34n3/16.pdf

Nadia Ashraf, Bhat MY, Wani AH, Koka JA, Shazia Parveen, 2016. Diversity of foliicolous fungi on peach (Prunus persica) from Kashmir Valley of India. Indian Phytopathology, 69(3):294-297. http://epubs.icar.org.in/ejournal/index.php/IPPJ/article/view/60160/24994

Nuninger-Ney C, Schwinn FJ, Staub T, 1989. In vitro selection of sterol-biosynthesis- inhibitor (SBI)-resistant mutants in Monilinia fructicola (Wint.) Honey. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology, 95(Supplement 1):137-150

OEPP/EPPO, 1991/1992. EPPO Standards No. PM 4/1(1) Virus-free or virus-tested fruit trees and rootstocks. Parts I-IV. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 21:267-277; 22:255-283.

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Wilcox WF, 1989. Influence of environment and inoculum density on the incidence of brown rot blossom blight of sour cherry. Phytopathology, 79(5):530-534

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Distribution Maps

• = Present, no further details
• = Evidence of pathogen
• = Widespread
• = Last reported
• = Localised
• = Presence unconfirmed
• = Confined and subject to quarantine
• = See regional map for distribution within the country
• = Occasional or few reports

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