Grapholita prunivora (plum moth)

Pictures

Picture	Title	Caption	Copyright
Title Symptoms Caption Blossom end of apple fruit with injury by G. prunivora. Copyright New York State Ag. Exp. Station, USA	Symptoms	Blossom end of apple fruit with injury by G. prunivora.	New York State Ag. Exp. Station, USA
Title Larva Caption Larva of G. prunivora in fruit of Crataegus holmesiana. Copyright New York State Ag. Exp. Station, USA	Larva	Larva of G. prunivora in fruit of Crataegus holmesiana.	New York State Ag. Exp. Station, USA
Title Adult Caption G. prunivora adult (museum set specimen). Copyright Lynn Meijerman	Adult	G. prunivora adult (museum set specimen).	Lynn Meijerman
Title Female genitalia Caption Female genitalia of G. prunivora. Copyright Lynn Meijerman	Female genitalia	Female genitalia of G. prunivora.	Lynn Meijerman
Title Male genitalia Caption Male genitalia of G. prunivora (aedeagus omitted). Copyright Lynn Meijerman	Male genitalia	Male genitalia of G. prunivora (aedeagus omitted).	Lynn Meijerman

Identity

Preferred Scientific Name

• Grapholita prunivora (Walsh)

Preferred Common Name

• plum moth

Other Scientific Names

• Cydia prunivora (Walsh
• Enarmonia prunivora (Walsh)
• Grapholitha prunivora
• Laspeyresia prunivora (Walsh)
• Semasia prunivora Walsh

International Common Names

• English: lesser appleworm
• French: carpocapse (petit) de la pomme; petite pyrale

EPPO code

• LASPPR (Cydia prunivora)

Taxonomic Tree

• Domain: Eukaryota
•     Kingdom: Metazoa
•         Phylum: Arthropoda
•             Subphylum: Uniramia
•                 Class: Insecta
•                     Order: Lepidoptera
•                         Family: Tortricidae
•                             Genus: Grapholita
•                                 Species: Grapholita prunivora

Distribution Table

The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Host plants/Plants Affected

Growth Stages

List of Symptoms

Natural Enemies

Plant Trade

References

Adler CRL, 1991. Identification of pupae on apple in eastern north America. In: Van der Geest LPS, Evenhuis HH, eds. Tortricid Pests, their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, 51-64.

Arakawa Y, 1927. Studies on moths infesting apples in Manchuria (in Japanese). Manchuria and Mongolia. Koshurei, Manchuria.

Bostonian NJ, Vincent C, Pitre D, Simard LG, 1989. Chemical control of key and secondary arthropod pests of Quebec apple orchards. Applied Agricultural Research, 4:179-184.

Brown EE, 1953. Life cycle of lesser appleworm in north-eastern Oregon. Journal of Economic Entomology, 46:163.

Carde RT, Baker TC, Castrovillo PJ, 1977. Disruption of sexual communication in Laspeyresia pomonella (codling moth), Grapholita molesta (oriental fruit moth) and G. prunivora (lesser appleworm) with hollow fiber attractant sources. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 22(3):280-288

Chapman PJ, Lienk SE, 1971. Tortricid fauna of apple in New York. Special Publications, Agricultural Experimental Station, Cornell University, Geneva, New York State, 46-48.

CIE, 1975. Distribution Maps of Pests, Series A, No. 339. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

EPPO, 1990. Specific quarantine requirements. EPPO Technical Documents, No. 1008. Paris, France: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization.

EPPO, 2014. PQR database. Paris, France: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. http://www.eppo.int/DATABASES/pqr/pqr.htm

FAO, 1984. International plant quarantine treatment manual. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper, No. 50, Rome, Italy: FAO, 94-96.

Glass EH, Lienk SE, 1971. Apple insect and mite populations developing after discontinuance of insecticides: 10 year record. Journal of Economic Entomology, 64:23-26.

Hull LA, Pfeiffer DG, Biddinger DJ, 1995. Apple direct pests. In: Hogmire HW, ed. Mid-Atlantic Orchard Monitoring Guide. New York, USA: NRAES.

Mid-Atlantic Regional Fruit Loop, 2001. The Virginia Fruit Page: Fruit IPM: Apple: The Lesser Appleworm. World wide web page at http://www.ento.vt.edu/Fruitfiles/law.html.

OEPP/EPPO, 1979. Data sheets on quarantine organisms No. 4 Angiosorus solani. OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 9(2).

Pfeiffer DG, Killian JC, 1988. Disruption of olfactory communication in Oriental fruit moth and lesser appleworm in a Virginia peach orchard. Journal of Agricultural Entomology, 5(4):235-241

Prokopy RJ, Mason JL, Christie M, Wright SE, 1996. Arthropod pest and natural enemy abundance under second-level versus first-level integrated pest management practices in apple orchards: a 4-year study. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 57:35-47.

Quaintance AL, 1908. The lesser appleworm. Bulletin, Bureau of Entomology, US Department of Agriculture, 68:49-60.

Rivard I, Mailloux M, 1974. Grapholitha prunivora (Walsh) dans les pommeraies du sud-ouest du QuTbec. Phytoprotection, 55:29-32.

Distribution Maps

• = Present, no further details
• = Evidence of pathogen
• = Widespread
• = Last reported
• = Localised
• = Presence unconfirmed
• = Confined and subject to quarantine
• = See regional map for distribution within the country
• = Occasional or few reports

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