Hypothenemus obscurus (tropical nut borer)

Pictures

Picture	Title	Caption	Copyright
Title Adult female Caption Adult female H. obscurus - colour light immediately after emergence, but darkens within a day to a very dark-brown. Ruler marks 1mm apart. Copyright Vincent P. Jones	Adult female	Adult female H. obscurus - colour light immediately after emergence, but darkens within a day to a very dark-brown. Ruler marks 1mm apart.	Vincent P. Jones
Title Damage to macadamia shell Caption Damage is typically first noticed as numerous perfectly round holes (ca 0.5 mm in diameter) in the husk of the nut. Copyright Vincent P. Jones	Damage to macadamia shell	Damage is typically first noticed as numerous perfectly round holes (ca 0.5 mm in diameter) in the husk of the nut.	Vincent P. Jones
Title Damage to macadamia kernel Caption Infested kernels initially show one to several tunnels, and in later stages may be completely consumed. Copyright Vincent P. Jones	Damage to macadamia kernel	Infested kernels initially show one to several tunnels, and in later stages may be completely consumed.	Vincent P. Jones

Identity

Preferred Scientific Name

• Hypothenemus obscurus (Fabricius 1801)

Preferred Common Name

• tropical nut borer

Other Scientific Names

• Hylesinus obscurus Fabricius 1801
• Hypothenemus emarginatus Schedl 1942
• Hypothenemus kuennemanni Reitter 1902
• Stephanoderes amazonicus Eggers 1934
• Stephanoderes asperulus Eichhoff 1872
• Stephanoderes buscki Hopkins 1915
• Stephanoderes cassiae Eichhoff 1878
• Stephanoderes moschatae Schaufuss 1905
• Stephanoderes obscurus (Fabricius)
• Stephanoderes rufescens Hopkins 1915

International Common Names

• French: scolyte du pommier

EPPO code

• HYOTOB (Hypothenemus obscurus)

Taxonomic Tree

• Domain: Eukaryota
•     Kingdom: Metazoa
•         Phylum: Arthropoda
•             Subphylum: Uniramia
•                 Class: Insecta
•                     Order: Coleoptera
•                         Family: Scolytidae
•                             Genus: Hypothenemus
•                                 Species: Hypothenemus obscurus

Distribution Table

The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Host plants/Plants Affected

Growth Stages

List of Symptoms

References

Bastos JAM, 1981. Dry tip on 'Ceara rubber', Manihot glaziovii Muell. Arg. Fitossanidade, 5(1):47-49

Bastos JAM, Lima FP, 1980. Tip-borers of 'manicoba' in Pentecoste, Ceara, Brazil. Fitossanidade, 4(1):10-11

Beardsley JW, 1990. Hypothenemus obscurus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a new pest of macadamia nuts in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, No. 30:147-150

Berti-Filho E, 1979. Coleoptera of forestry importance. 1. Scolytidae. Dept. Entomology, ESALQ-USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 19:39-43.

Costa EC, Moura JB, Marques EN, De Mura JB, 1988. Observations on cut wood maintained in the forest ecosystem. Departmento de Defesa Fitossanitaria, CCR, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, 18:3-4.

Delate KM, Armstrong JW, Jones VP, 1994. Postharvest control treatments for Hypothenemus obscurus (F.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in macadamia nuts. Journal of Economic Entomology, 87(1):120-126

Dorval A, Peres Filho O, Marques EN, Moura RG, 2007. Beetles in plantations of Eucalyptus citriodora e E. urophylla in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. (Coleópteros em plantios de Eucalyptus citriodora e E. urophylla em Cuiabá, estados de Mato Grosso.) Revista de Agricultura (Piracicaba), 82(3):254-268.

Flechtmann CAH, Ottati ALT, Berisford CW, 2001. Ambrosia and bark beetles (Scolytidae: Coleoptera) in pine and eucalypt stands in southern Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management, 142(1/3):183-191.

Hawaii Agricultural Statistical Service (HASS), 1995. Statistics of Hawaiian Agriculture. Honolulu, Hawaii: Hawaii Department of Agriculture.

Jones VP, 1995. Review of macadamia IPM in Hawaii. Proceedings Hawaii Macadamia Nut Association, 35:24-32.

Jones VP, Burnam-Larish LL, Caprio LC, 1992. Effect of harvest interval and cultivar on damage to macadamia nuts caused by Hypothenemus obscurus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 85(5):1878-1883

Jones VP, Caprio LC, 1990. Biology and control of insect pests attacking macadamia nuts in Hawaii. Proceedings Hawaii Macadamia Nut Association, 30:24-36.

Jones VP, Follett PA, Westcot D, Campora C, 1996. Developing management alternatives for the tropical nut borer, Hypothenemus obscurus. 36th Annual conference proceedings, Hawaii, USA, 3-4 May 1996., 23-33; 2 ref.

Stoetzel MB, 1989. Common names of insects and related organisms. Common names of insects and related organisms., 199 pp.

Wood SL, 1982. The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, No. 6:1359 pp.

Zelaya MR, Flechtmann CAH, Berti Filho E, Maia JLS, 1984. Scolytids that occur in plantations of tropical pines in the State of Sao Paulo. [Abstract]. Resumos, IX Congresso Brasileiro de Entomologia, Londrina - Pr., 22 a 27.7.84 Brazil; Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil, 33

Distribution Maps

• = Present, no further details
• = Evidence of pathogen
• = Widespread
• = Last reported
• = Localised
• = Presence unconfirmed
• = Confined and subject to quarantine
• = See regional map for distribution within the country
• = Occasional or few reports

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