Hop stunt viroid (hop stunt viroid)

Identity

Preferred Scientific Name

• Hop stunt viroid Sasaki and Shikata, 1977a

Preferred Common Name

• hop stunt viroid

Other Scientific Names

• Citrus cachexia viroid Diener et al., 1988
• Citrus viroid II Duran-Vila et al., 1988; Sano et al., 1988
• Cucumber pale fruit viroid Van Dorst and Peters, 1974
• Dapple plum and peach fruit disease viroid Sano et al., 1989

International Common Names

• English: citrus gummy bark viroid; grapevine viroid; hop stunt disease; mulberry vein clearing; peach dapple viroid; plum dapple viroid

English acronym

• HSVd

EPPO code

• HSVD00

Summary of Invasiveness

Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) is a covalently closed, single-stranded RNA molecule of 297 nucleotides (Sano et al., 1985). Variants consisting of 294-303 nucleotides have been described from different hosts (Kofalvi et al., 1997; Amari et al., 2001). HSVd has a rod-like conformation with five domains, a central conserved region (CCR) similar to members of genera Pospiviroid and Cocadviroid, and a terminal conserved hairpin (TCH) which is also present in the genus Cocadviroid (Flores et al., 1997). Replication is known to occur through an asymmetric, rolling-circle model because longer-than-unit minus strands have been found in infected tissue (Flores et al., 2005). HSVd was named due to the first identification of the pathogen on hop plants originating from Japan (Yamamoto et al., 1973). In a wide range of host species, infection by HSVd appears to be latent, whereas in hop, Citrus and Prunus species it causes specific disorders and economic damage (Hadidi et al., 2003).

Taxonomic Tree

• Domain: Virus
•     Group: Viroids
•         Family: Pospiviroidae
•             Genus: Hostuviroid
•                 Species: Hop stunt viroid

Distribution Table

The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Habitat List

Host plants/Plants Affected

List of Symptoms

Pathway Causes

Pathway Vectors

Plant Trade

Risk and Impact Factors

Impact mechanisms

• Pathogenic
• Pest and disease transmission

Impact outcomes

• Host damage
• Negatively impacts agriculture
• Negatively impacts animal/plant collections
• Negatively impacts trade/international relations

Invasiveness

• Abundant in its native range
• Benefits from human association (i.e. it is a human commensal)
• Has a broad native range
• Has high genetic variability
• Has high reproductive potential
• Highly adaptable to different environments
• Highly mobile locally
• Invasive in its native range
• Long lived
• Reproduces asexually

Likelihood of entry/control

• Difficult to identify/detect as a commodity contaminant
• Difficult to identify/detect in the field
• Difficult/costly to control
• Highly likely to be transported internationally accidentally
• Highly likely to be transported internationally deliberately
• Highly likely to be transported internationally illegally

References

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Distribution Maps

• = Present, no further details
• = Evidence of pathogen
• = Widespread
• = Last reported
• = Localised
• = Presence unconfirmed
• = Confined and subject to quarantine
• = See regional map for distribution within the country
• = Occasional or few reports

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