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Datasheet

Helopeltis schoutedeni (cacao-mosquito)

Index

Summary

  • Last modified
  • 20 January 2015
  • Datasheet Type(s)
  • Pest
  • Preferred Scientific Name
  • Helopeltis schoutedeni
  • Preferred Common Name
  • cacao-mosquito
  • Taxonomic Tree
  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Metazoa
  •         Phylum: Arthropoda
  •             Subphylum: Uniramia
  •                 Class: Insecta

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Pictures

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PictureTitleCaptionCopyright
Museum set specimen.
TitleAdult
CaptionMuseum set specimen.
Copyright©Georg Goergen/IITA Insect Museum, Cotonou, Benin
Museum set specimen.
AdultMuseum set specimen.©Georg Goergen/IITA Insect Museum, Cotonou, Benin

Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

  • Helopeltis schoutedeni Reuter, 1906

Preferred Common Name

  • cacao-mosquito

Other Scientific Names

  • Helopeltis sanguineus Poppius, 1911
  • Helopeltis schoutedeni rubra Ghesquèire, 1922
  • Helopeltis schoutedeni vanderysti Ghesquèire, 1922

International Common Names

  • English: cotton helopeltis; cotton, Helopeltis; tea-bug; tea-mosquito

EPPO code

  • HELOSA (Helopeltis sanguineus)

Taxonomic Tree

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  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Metazoa
  •         Phylum: Arthropoda
  •             Subphylum: Uniramia
  •                 Class: Insecta
  •                     Order: Hemiptera
  •                         Suborder: Heteroptera
  •                             Family: Miridae
  •                                 Genus: Helopeltis
  •                                     Species: Helopeltis schoutedeni

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

CountryDistributionLast ReportedOriginFirst ReportedInvasiveReferencesNotes

AFRICA

AngolaPresentEPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
BeninAbsent, unreliable recordEPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
Burkina FasoAbsent, unreliable recordEPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
BurundiPresentEPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
CameroonPresentEntwistle, 1977; EPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
Central African RepublicPresentBohlen, 1973; Schmitz, 1958; EPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
ChadPresentEPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
CongoAbsent, unreliable recordEPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
Congo Democratic RepublicPresentEPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
Côte d'IvoirePresentEPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
EthiopiaPresentEPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
GabonAbsent, unreliable recordEPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
GhanaPresentLeston, 1972; EPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
GuineaPresentEPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
KenyaPresentEPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
LiberiaPresentCIE, 1972
MalawiPresentPeregrine, 1991; EPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
MaliPresentEPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
MozambiquePresentSchuh, 1995; EPPO, 2014; Almeida, 1972; CIE, 1972
NigerAbsent, unreliable recordEPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
NigeriaPresentEPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
RwandaPresentEPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
Sao Tome and PrincipePresentEPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
Sierra LeonePresentEPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
SudanPresentEPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
TanzaniaPresentBohlen, 1973; EPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
TogoPresentEPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
UgandaPresentEPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
ZambiaAbsent, unreliable recordEPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972
ZimbabwePresentEPPO, 2014; CIE, 1972

Host plants/Plants Affected

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Plant nameFamilyContext
Anacardium occidentale (cashew nut)AnacardiaceaeMain
Bixa orellana (annatto)BixaceaeHabitat/association
Camellia sinensis (tea)TheaceaeOther
Gossypium (cotton)MalvaceaeMain
Mangifera indica (mango)AnacardiaceaeOther
Ricinus communis (castor bean)EuphorbiaceaeMain

Growth Stages

Top of pageFruiting stage, Vegetative growing stage

List of Symptoms

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SignLife StagesType

Fruit

lesions: on pods

Leaves

abnormal forms
honeydew or sooty mould

Stems

dieback
discoloration of bark

Natural Enemies

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Natural enemyTypeLife stagesSpecificityReferencesBiological control inBiological control on
Leiophron anatesParasiteNymphs

Plant Trade

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Plant parts liable to carry the pest in trade/transportPest stagesBorne internallyBorne externallyVisibility of pest or symptoms
Fruits (inc. pods)eggsYesPest or symptoms usually visible to the naked eye
LeaveseggsYesPest or symptoms usually visible to the naked eye
Stems (above ground), Shoots, Trunks, BrancheseggsYesPest or symptoms usually visible to the naked eye
Plant parts not known to carry the pest in trade/transport
Bark
Bulbs, Tubers, Corms, Rhizomes
Flowers, Inflorescences, Cones, Calyx
Growing medium accompanying plants
Roots
Seedlings, Micropropagated plants
True seeds (inc. grain)
Wood

References

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Almeida DM de, 1972. Pests of mango. Gazeta do Agricultor, 24(272):2-5

Bohlen E, 1973. Crop pests in Tanzania and their control. Berlin, Germany: Verlag Paul Parey.

Carayon J, 1977. CaratFres généraux des HémiptFres Bryocorinae. In: Lavabre EM, ed. Les Mirides du Cacaoyer. Paris, France: Institut Frantais du Café et du Cacao, 1-34.

CIE, 1980. Helopeltis schoutedeni (Reut.) (Hemipt., Miridae). Distribution Maps of Pests, Series A, Map No. 413, 1-2. Wallingford, UK:CAB International.

Collingwood CA, 1977. African mirids. In: Lavabre EM, ed. Les Mirides du Cacaoyer. Paris, France: Institut Frantais du Café et du Cacao, 71-76.

Collingwood CA, 1977. Biological control and relations with other insects. In: Lavabre EM, ed. Les Mirides du Cacaoyer. Paris, France: Institut Frantais du Café et du Cacao, 237-255.

Entwistle PF, 1977. World distribution of Mirids. In: Lavabre EM, ed. Les Mirides du Cacaoyer. Paris, France: Institut Frantais du Café et du Cacao, 35-46.

EPPO, 2014. PQR database. Paris, France: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. http://www.eppo.int/DATABASES/pqr/pqr.htm

Javaid I, 1986. Causes of damage to some wild mango fruit trees in Zambia. International Pest Control, 28(4):98-99

Lavabre EM, 1977. Systématique des Miridae du cacoyer. In: Lavabre EM, ed. Les Mirides du Cacaoyer. Paris, France: Institut Frantais du Café et du Cacao, 47-70.

Lean OB, 1926. Observations of the life-history of Helopeltis on cotton in southern Nigeria. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 16:319-324.

Leston D, 1972. The natural history of some West African insects. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 108(1295/97):110-122

Peregrine WTH, 1991. Annattoa possible trap crop to assist control of the mosquito bug (Helopeltis schoutedeni Reut.) in tea and other crops. Tropical Pest Management, 37(4):429-430

Piart J, 1977. Plantes hôtes et préférences alimentaires chez le Mirides du cacaoyer. In: Lavabre EM, ed. Les Mirides du Cacaoyer. Paris, France: Institut Frantais du Café et du Cacao, 213-219.

Rattan PS, 1982. A preliminary report on experiments for the control of Helopeltis schoutedeni (mosquito bug). Quartely Newsletter, Tea Research Foundation of Central Africa, 65:16-21.

Rattan PS, 1984. Effectiveness of Decis (deltamethrin) against Helopeltis schoutedeni (mosquito bug). Quarterly Newsletter, Tea Research Foundation of Central Africa, No. 73:10-14

Rattan PS, 1985. Effectiveness of Baythroid (cyfluthrin) against mosquito bug (Helopeltis schoutedeni) and thrips (Scirtothrips aurantii). Quarterly Newsletter, Tea Research Foundation of Central Africa, No.79:20-28

Rattan PS, 1985. Spraying economically for the control of mosquito bug and thrips by reducing the volume of water. Quarterly Newsletter, Tea Research Foundation of Central Africa, No.79:13-19

Reuter OM, 1906. A new Ethiopian species of Helopeltis. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 2(17):111-112.

Schmitz G, 1958. Helopeltis du cottonier en Afrique centrale. Publications de l'Institut National pour l'Étude Agronomique du Congo Belge, Série Scientifique, 71:7-78.

Schmitz G, 1968. Monographie des espFces africaines de genere Helopeltis Signoret (Heteroptera, Miridae) avec un exposé des problFmes relatifs aux structures géenitales. Annales Museé Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Serie In-8, Sciences Zoologiques, 168:1-147.

Schuh RT, 1995. Plant Bugs of the World (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae). Systematic Catalog, Distributions, Host List, and Bibliography. New York, USA: New York Entomological Society.

Stonedahl GM, 1991. The Oriental species of Helopeltis (Heteroptera: Miridae): a review of economic literature and guide to identification. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 81(4):465-490

Youdeowei A, 1977. Behaviour and activity. In: Lavabre EM, ed. Les Mirides du Cacaoyer. Paris, France: Institut Frantais du Café et du Cacao, 47-70.

Distribution Maps

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Distribution map Angola: Present EPPO, 2014Burundi: Present EPPO, 2014Central African Republic: Present Bohlen, 1973; Schmitz, 1958; EPPO, 2014Côte d'Ivoire: Present EPPO, 2014Cameroon: Present Entwistle, 1977; EPPO, 2014Ethiopia: Present EPPO, 2014Ghana: Present Leston, 1972; EPPO, 2014Guinea: Present EPPO, 2014Kenya: Present EPPO, 2014Liberia: PresentMali: Present EPPO, 2014Malawi: Present Peregrine, 1991; EPPO, 2014Mozambique: Present Schuh, 1995; EPPO, 2014Nigeria: Present EPPO, 2014Rwanda: Present EPPO, 2014Sudan: Present EPPO, 2014Sierra Leone: Present EPPO, 2014Sao Tome and Principe: Present EPPO, 2014Chad: Present EPPO, 2014Togo: Present EPPO, 2014Tanzania: Present Bohlen, 1973; EPPO, 2014Uganda: Present EPPO, 2014Congo Democratic Republic: Present EPPO, 2014Zimbabwe: Present EPPO, 2014
  • = Present, no further details
  • = Evidence of pathogen
  • = Widespread
  • = Last reported
  • = Localised
  • = Presence unconfirmed
  • = Confined and subject to quarantine
  • = See regional map for distribution within the country
  • = Occasional or few reports
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Distribution map (asia)
Distribution map (europe)
Distribution map (africa) Angola: Present EPPO, 2014Burundi: Present EPPO, 2014Central African Republic: Present Bohlen, 1973; Schmitz, 1958; EPPO, 2014Côte d'Ivoire: Present EPPO, 2014Cameroon: Present Entwistle, 1977; EPPO, 2014Ethiopia: Present EPPO, 2014Ghana: Present Leston, 1972; EPPO, 2014Guinea: Present EPPO, 2014Kenya: Present EPPO, 2014Liberia: PresentMali: Present EPPO, 2014Malawi: Present Peregrine, 1991; EPPO, 2014Mozambique: Present Schuh, 1995; EPPO, 2014Nigeria: Present EPPO, 2014Rwanda: Present EPPO, 2014Sudan: Present EPPO, 2014Sierra Leone: Present EPPO, 2014Sao Tome and Principe: Present EPPO, 2014Chad: Present EPPO, 2014Togo: Present EPPO, 2014Tanzania: Present Bohlen, 1973; EPPO, 2014Uganda: Present EPPO, 2014Congo Democratic Republic: Present EPPO, 2014Zimbabwe: Present EPPO, 2014
Distribution map (north america)
Distribution map (central america)
Distribution map (south america)
Distribution map (pacific)

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