Gymnosporangium fuscum (European pear rust)

Pictures

Picture	Title	Caption	Copyright
Title Spermogonia and aecia Caption Spermogonia and aecia of G. sabinae on pear leaves. (A) Aecia on undersurface; (B) Spermogonia on upper surface. Copyright M. Fawaz Azmeh/University of Damascus	Spermogonia and aecia	Spermogonia and aecia of G. sabinae on pear leaves. (A) Aecia on undersurface; (B) Spermogonia on upper surface.	M. Fawaz Azmeh/University of Damascus
Title Aecia Caption Close-up of mature G. sabinae aecia on lower surface of pear leaf. Copyright M. Fawaz Azmeh/University of Damascus	Aecia	Close-up of mature G. sabinae aecia on lower surface of pear leaf.	M. Fawaz Azmeh/University of Damascus
Title Spermogonia Caption Close-up of G. sabinae spermogonia on upper surface of pear leaf. Copyright M. Fawaz Azmeh/University of Damascus	Spermogonia	Close-up of G. sabinae spermogonia on upper surface of pear leaf.	M. Fawaz Azmeh/University of Damascus
Title Symptoms Caption G. sabinae symptoms (pear rust) on pear leaves. Copyright Thorsten Kraska, University of Bonn, Germany	Symptoms	G. sabinae symptoms (pear rust) on pear leaves.	Thorsten Kraska, University of Bonn, Germany
Title Symptoms Caption G. sabinae symptoms (pear rust) on pear leaves. Copyright Thorsten Kraska, University of Bonn, Germany	Symptoms	G. sabinae symptoms (pear rust) on pear leaves.	Thorsten Kraska, University of Bonn, Germany
Title 'Telia horns' Caption 'Telia horns' of G. sabinae on alternative host plant Juniperus oxycedrus. Copyright M. Fawaz Azmeh/University of Damascus	'Telia horns'	'Telia horns' of G. sabinae on alternative host plant Juniperus oxycedrus.	M. Fawaz Azmeh/University of Damascus
Title 'Telia horns' Caption Tumefaction of infected branches by Gymnosporangium sabinae on alternative host plant Juniperus oxycedrus. Note scars caused by telial horns Copyright M. Fawaz Azmeh/University of Damascus	'Telia horns'	Tumefaction of infected branches by Gymnosporangium sabinae on alternative host plant Juniperus oxycedrus. Note scars caused by telial horns	M. Fawaz Azmeh/University of Damascus
Title Perennial canker Caption Old perennial canker on Juniperus oxycedrus. Copyright M. Fawaz Azmeh/University of Damascus	Perennial canker	Old perennial canker on Juniperus oxycedrus.	M. Fawaz Azmeh/University of Damascus
Title Teliospores Caption Teliospores of G. sabinae. Note distinctive location of germination pores in the two central spores. Copyright M. Fawaz Azmeh/University of Damascus	Teliospores	Teliospores of G. sabinae. Note distinctive location of germination pores in the two central spores.	M. Fawaz Azmeh/University of Damascus

Identity

Preferred Scientific Name

• Gymnosporangium fuscum DC.

Preferred Common Name

• European pear rust

Other Scientific Names

• Gymnosporangium sabinae (Dicks.) G. Winter
• Puccinia juniperi Pers.
• Roestelia cancellata Rebent. [anamorph] Rebent.

International Common Names

• English: juniper rust; pear rust; rust: Juniperus spp.; rust: pear; trellis rust
• Spanish: roya del peral
• French: rouille européenne du poirier; rouille grillagée du poirier

Local Common Names

• Germany: Birnengitterrost; Gitter-: Birne Rost; Rost: Sadebaum

EPPO code

• GYMNFU (Gymnosporangium fuscum)

Taxonomic Tree

• Domain: Eukaryota
•     Kingdom: Fungi
•         Phylum: Basidiomycota
•             Subphylum: Pucciniomycotina
•                 Class: Pucciniomycetes
•                     Order: Pucciniales
•                         Family: Pucciniaceae
•                             Genus: Gymnosporangium
•                                 Species: Gymnosporangium fuscum

Distribution Table

The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Host plants/Plants Affected

Growth Stages

List of Symptoms

Plant Trade

References

Akesson I, 1983. Plant protection year 1982 Horticulture. Vaxtskyddsnotiser, 47(1/2):5-7

Bondoux P, 1988. Gymnosporangium sabinae. In: European Handbook of Plant Diseases. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 479.

Dinc N, Karaca I, 1975. Researches on pear rust disease (Gymnosporangium fuscum DC.) in Elazig and Malatya. Journal of Turkish Phytopathology, 4(2):63-73

EPPO, 2014. PQR database. Paris, France: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. http://www.eppo.int/DATABASES/pqr/pqr.htm

Gjrum HB, Gauslaa Y, Talg V, 2008. Gymnosporangium sabinae found in Norway. Plant Pathology, 57(2):376. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2007.01730.x

Habib W, Wakim S, Hobeika C, Choueiri E, 2012. First report of Gymnosporangium sabinae on cultivated pear in Lebanon. Journal of Plant Pathology, 94(4, Supplement):S4.104. http://www.sipav.org/main/jpp/

Hansen MA, Demers J, Sutphin M, Yoder K, Bush E, Castlebury L, 2016. First report of European pear rust (pear trellis rust) caused by Gymnosporangium sabinae on ornamental pear (Pyrus calleryana) in Virginia. Plant Disease, 100(11):2166. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Hilber U, Schuepp H, Schwinn FJ, 1990. Studies on infection biology of Gymnosporangium fuscum DC. Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, 97(3):299-305

Hilber U, Schuepp H, Schwinn FJ, 1990. Studies on the development of pear trellis rust. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Obst- und Weinbau, 126(18):486-494

Hilber UW, Siegfried W, Viret O, 1997. Rust [caused by Gymnosporangium fuscum] of pears and juniper [Juniperus]: control methods for important attacks. Revue Suisse de Viticulture, d'Arboriculture et d'Horticulture, 29(5):281-284.

Hunt RS, O'Reilly HJ, 1978. Overwintering of pear trellis rust in pear. Plant Disease Reporter, 62(8):659-660

IMI, 1996. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, Map No. 173. Wallingfrod, UK: CAB International.

Jolfaii HK, Abbasi M, 2001. Gymnosporangium fuscum, a new rust fungus to Iran. Rostaniha, 2(1/4):En66-En67, Pe114-115.

Kenaley S, Daughtrey M, O'Brien D, Jensen S, Snover-Clift K, Hudler G, 2012. First report of the pear trellis rust fungus, Gymnosporangium sabinae, on Pyrus calleryana ('Bradford' and 'Chanticleer') and P. communis in New York State. Plant Disease, 96(9):1373-1374. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Kern FD, 1973. A Revised Taxonomic Account of Gymnosporangium. University Park, USA: Penn State University Press.

Kheladze VS, Dvurechenskaya-Tskhvedazde LP, 1984. Resistance factors in varieties of pear against rust Gymnosporangium sabinae (Dicks.) Wint. Mikologiya i Fitopatologiya, 18(2):143-144

Laundon G, 1977. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria, Set 55, Nos. 541-550:20 pp.

Leppik EE, 1977. Form and function of balanoid pcia of Gymnosporangium fuscum. Mycologia, 69(5):967-974

Mijuskovic M, 1979. The importance of Gymnosporangium sabinp (Dicks.) Wint. as the parasite of pear in the southern parts of Montenegro and the possibility of its control. Zbornik Radova, Kupari, No.1:353-363

Moore WC, 1959. British parasitic fungi. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 430 pp.

OEPP/EPPO, 1999. EPPO Standards PP 2/18. Good Plant Protection Practice for pome fruits. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 29, 379-406.

O'Reilly HJ, Ziller WG, 1973. Pear trellis rust in British Columbia. Vancouver, Canada: British Columbia Department of Agriculture.

Ormrod DJ, 1979. Control of pear trellis rust in coastal British Columbia by eradication of infected Juniperus spp. Phytopathology, 69(8):919.

Ormrod DJ, O'Reilly HJ, Kamp BJVan der, Borno C, 1984. Epidemiology, cultivar susceptibility and chemical control of Gymnosporangium fuscum in British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 6(1):63-70

Parmelee JA, 1974. Fungi Canadenses, No. 43. Ottawa; Canada: National Mycological Herbarium.

Viret O, 1997. Recommendations for control of the principal diseases of fruit trees. Revue Suisse de Viticulture, d'Arboriculture et d'Horticulture, 29(1):47-50.

Wang YC, Guo L, 1985. Taxonomic studies on Gymnosporangium in China. Acta Mycologica Sinica, 4(1):24-34

Yun HY, Rossman AY, Byrne J, 2009. First report of Gymnosporangium sabinae, European pear rust, on bradford pear in Michigan. Plant Disease, 93(8):841. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Distribution Maps

• = Present, no further details
• = Evidence of pathogen
• = Widespread
• = Last reported
• = Localised
• = Presence unconfirmed
• = Confined and subject to quarantine
• = See regional map for distribution within the country
• = Occasional or few reports

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