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Datasheet

Ganoderma philippii (tea root rot)

Summary

  • Last modified
  • 17 May 2012
  • Datasheet Type(s)
  • Pest
  • Preferred Scientific Name
  • Ganoderma philippii
  • Preferred Common Name
  • tea root rot
  • Taxonomic Tree
  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Fungi
  •         Phylum: Basidiomycota
  •             Subphylum: Agaricomycotina
  •                 Class: Agaricomycetes

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Pictures

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PictureTitleCaptionCopyright
The above-ground symptoms are not distinctive and are only visible when the disease is in an advanced stage.
TitleAdvanced stages of red root rot
CaptionThe above-ground symptoms are not distinctive and are only visible when the disease is in an advanced stage.
CopyrightAgrEvo
The above-ground symptoms are not distinctive and are only visible when the disease is in an advanced stage.
Advanced stages of red root rotThe above-ground symptoms are not distinctive and are only visible when the disease is in an advanced stage.AgrEvo

Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

  • Ganoderma philippii (Bres. & Henn. ex Sacc.) Bresad.

Preferred Common Name

  • tea root rot

Other Scientific Names

  • Fomes philippii Bres. & Henn. ex Sacc. [teleomorph] Bres. & Henn. ex Sacc.
  • Fomes pseudoferreus Wakef. [teleomorph] Wakef.
  • Ganoderma pseudoferreum (Wakef.) Overeem & B.A. Steinm. [teleomorph] (Wakef.) Overeem & B.A. Steinm.

International Common Names

  • English: Hevea red root disease; red root rot
  • Spanish: enfermedad de las raices rojas de la hevea
  • French: maladie des racines rouges de l'hevea

EPPO code

  • GANOPH (Ganoderma philippii)

Taxonomic Tree

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  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Fungi
  •         Phylum: Basidiomycota
  •             Subphylum: Agaricomycotina
  •                 Class: Agaricomycetes
  •                     Subclass: Agaricomycetidae
  •                         Order: Polyporales
  •                             Family: Ganodermataceae
  •                                 Genus: Ganoderma
  •                                     Species: Ganoderma philippii

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

CountryDistributionLast ReportedOriginFirst ReportedInvasiveReferencesNotes

ASIA

BangladeshPresentRahman, 1988; UK CAB International, 1993
ChinaPresentZhang & Chee, 1989; UK CAB International, 1993
-GuangdongPresentTai, 1979; UK CAB International, 1993
IndiaRestricted distributionUK CAB International, 1993; Kiamal, 1953
IndonesiaRestricted distributionUK CAB International, 1993
-JavaPresentSchoorel, 1939; UK CAB International, 1993; Leefmans, 1930; Leefmans, 1934
-SumatraPresentSchooneveldt, 1939; UK CAB International, 1993
MalaysiaRestricted distributionUK CAB International, 1993
-Peninsular MalaysiaPresentAnon, 1974; Singh, 1980; UK CAB International, 1993; Beeley, 1939; Beeley, 1940
-SabahPresentJOHNSTON, 1960; Singh, 1980; UK CAB International, 1993
-SarawakPresentSingh, 1980; UK CAB International, 1993; Turner, 1967
MyanmarWidespreadSteyaert, 1972
SingaporePresentSteyaert, 1972
Sri LankaWidespreadUK CAB International, 1993; Wijewantha, 1953
VietnamWidespreadUK CAB International, 1993; My, 1966

AFRICA

Central African RepublicWidespreadUK CAB International, 1993; Saccas, 1953
CongoWidespreadUK CAB International, 1993; Saccas, 1953
Congo Democratic RepublicWidespreadUK CAB International, 1993; Anon, 1938
Côte d'IvoireWidespreadUK CAB International, 1993; Tarjot, 1964
GabonPresentUK CAB International, 1993; Saccas, 1953
NigeriaWidespreadUK CAB International, 1993; West, 1938

SOUTH AMERICA

BrazilPresentUK CAB International, 1993
-AmazonasPresentBatista, 1982; UK CAB International, 1993
-BahiaPresentSilva, 1989; UK CAB International, 1993

OCEANIA

New CaledoniaWidespreadUK CAB International, 1993; Bugnicourt & Marty, 1961
Papua New GuineaWidespreadShaw, 1984; UK CAB International, 1993
Solomon IslandsPresentCorner, 1983

Host plants/Plants Affected

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Plant nameFamilyContext
ArengaArecaceaeOther
Artocarpus (breadfruit trees)MoraceaeOther
Bixa orellana (annatto)BixaceaeOther
Camellia sinensis (tea)TheaceaeMain
CinchonaRubiaceaeOther
Coffea (coffee)RubiaceaeOther
Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm)ArecaceaeOther
Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen)ClusiaceaeMain
Hevea brasiliensis (rubber)EuphorbiaceaeMain
Melia azedarach (Chinaberry)MeliaceaeMain
Paullinia cupanaSapindaceaeMain
Syzygium aromaticum (clove)MyrtaceaeMain
Theobroma cacao (cocoa)SterculiaceaeOther

Growth Stages

Top of pageFlowering stage, Fruiting stage, Seedling stage, Vegetative growing stage

List of Symptoms

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SignLife StagesType

Leaves

abnormal colours
yellowed or dead

Roots

fungal growth on surface
rot of wood
soft rot of cortex

Stems

gummosis or resinosis
internal red necrosis

Plant Trade

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Plant parts liable to carry the pest in trade/transportPest stagesBorne internallyBorne externallyVisibility of pest or symptoms
Rootshyphae; sporesYesYesPest or symptoms usually visible to the naked eye
Stems (above ground), Shoots, Trunks, Branchesfruiting bodies; hyphaeYesYesPest or symptoms usually visible to the naked eye
Plant parts not known to carry the pest in trade/transport
Bark
Bulbs, Tubers, Corms, Rhizomes
Flowers, Inflorescences, Cones, Calyx
Fruits (inc. pods)
Leaves
Seedlings, Micropropagated plants
True seeds (inc. grain)
Wood

References

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Abreu JMde (Director), 1982. CEPEC. Technical Report 1981. CEPEC. Informe Técnico 1981., 340 pp.; [See RPP 62, 8].

Abreu JMde (Director), 1985. Development of research and experimentation in agriculture and animal husbandry. Principal results 1983. Desenvolvimento da pesquisa e experimentac^circumflex~ao agropecuária. Principais resultados 1983., 96pp.; 40 ref.

Adaskaveg JE, Gilbertson RL, 1986. Cultural studies and genetics of sexuality of Ganoderma lucidum and G. tsugae in relation to the taxonomy of the G. lucidum complex. Mycologia, 78(5):694-705

Altson RA, 1950. Report for the period January, 1941-August, 1945. Pathological Division. Report of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaya, 1941-1945:41-68.

Anon, 1938. Annual report for the year 1938 (1st part). Publications de l'Institut National pour l'Etude Agronomie de Congo Belge.

Anon, 1971. Collar protectant dressings. Planters' Bulletin Rubber Research Institute of Malaya, 113:78-80.

Anon, 1974. Root diseases. Part 1: detection and recognition. Planters' Bulletin of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia, No.133:111-120

Ariffin D, Idris S, 1991. A selective medium for the isolation of Ganoderma from diseased tissues. In Yusof et al., eds. Proceedings of the 1991 PORIM International Oil Palm Conference - Progress, Prospects and Challenges towards the 21st Century. Agriculture (Module 1), 9-14th September 1991. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: PORIM, 517-519.

Azaldin MY, 1979. Effect of clearing methods and soil amendment on root disease incidence. Planters Bulletin Rubber Research Institute Malaysia, 158: 25-27.

Batista M de F, 1982. Red root rot of guarana. Fitopatologia Brasileira, 7(3):437-438

Bazzalo ME, Wright JE, 1982. Survey of the Argentine species of the Ganoderma lucidum complex. Mycotaxon, 16(1):293-325

Beeley F, 1939. Annual Report. Pathological Division. Report of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaya, 115-143.

Beeley F, 1940. Annual Report. Pathological Division. Report of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaya, 156-195.

Bugnicourt F, Marty J, 1961. Parasitic fungi of cultivated plants in New Caledonia. Nouméa, Institut francais d'Oceanie.

Corner EJH, 1983. Ad Polyporaceas 1 - Amauroderma and Ganoderma Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia Heft 75. D-3300 Braunschweig, West Germany: J. Cramer.

Gilbertson RL, Ryvarden L, 1986. North American polypores. Vol. I. Abortiporus-Lindtneria. Oslo, Norway; Fungiflora A/S, 433 pp.

Hashim I, 1991. A review on control of rubber root diseases. Proceedings of Ganoderma workshop, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, 11 September 1990 [edited by Darus, A.; Sukaimi, J.] Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia, 49-63

Hseu RS, Wang HH, 1990. An identification system for cultures of Ganoderma species, PhD Thesis. Taiwan: Graduate Institute of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University.

Hutchinson FW, 1953. Experiments on the control of root disease in a replanting. Archief voor der Rubbercultuur in Nederlandsch-Indie, 117-126.

JOHN KP, 1960. Loss of viability of three root parasites in infected root sections buried in soil. Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaya, 16(4):173-177 pp.

JOHN KP, 1966. Effect of inoculum size and age of trees on root disease infection of Hevea brasiliensis. Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaya, 19(4):226-230.

JOHNSTON A, 1960. A preliminary plant disease survey in the British Solomon Islands Protectorate. Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., 36 pp.

Kiamal KN, 1953. Notes on some common diseases of the Rubber tree in South India. Planter's Chronicle, 48(19):516-521.

Leefmans S, 1930. Diseases and pests of cultivated crops in the Dutch East Indies in 1929. Mededelingen van het Instituut voor Plantenziekten, 79.

Leefmans S, 1934. Diseases and pests of cultivated crops in the Dutch East Indies in 1931. Mededelingen van het Instituut voor Plantenziekten, 82.

Lim TM, 1977. Production, germination and dispersal of basidiospores of Ganoderma pseudoferreum on Hevea. Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia, 25(2):93-99

Lim TM, Aziz Kadir A, 1983. Triclopyr, an alternative arboricide to 2,4,5-T and sodium arsenite. Planters Bulletin Rubber Research Institute Malaysia, 174:17.

My HT, 1966. I. Observations on the plant diseases and their control in South Viet-Nam. II. A preliminary list of plant diseases in South Viet-Nam. Saigon, Directorate of Research.

Newsam A, 1962. Report of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaya, 67-77.

Newsam A, 1964. Effects of clearing methods on root disease incidence. In: Planters' Conference on root diseases of Hevea, Kuala Lumpur, 9-11 July, 1964, 225-232.

NEWSAM A, 1967. Clearing methods and root disease control. Planters' Bulletin. Rubber Research Institute of Malaya, 92. 176-82 pp.

Newsam A, 1969. Pathology. Report of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaya, 1968, 75-80.

Rahman MA, 1988. Disease of Hevea brasiliensis in Bangladesh. Bano Biggyan Patrika, 17(1-2):73-79; 16 ref.

Rao BS, 1971. Pathology. Report of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaya, 1970:68-76.

Ryvarden L, 1995. Can we trust morphology in Ganoderma? In: Buchanan PK, Hseu RS, Moncalvo JM, eds. Ganoderma Systematics, Phytopathology and Pharmacology. Proceedings of Contributed Symposium 59A,B, 5th International Mycological Congress, Vancouver, 1994. Taipei, Taiwan: Applied Microbiology Laboratory, National Taiwan University, 19-24.

Saccas AM, 1953. The principal cryptogamic diseases of Hevea in French Equatorial Africa. Agronomie Tropicale, 8:229-285.

Schooneveldt JC, 1939. A concise survey of the state of the crops of several years standing in the Buitenzorg district in 1938. Bergcultures, 13(19):606-608.

Schoorel AF, 1939. A concise report on Rubber and Tea cultivation in the Sokaboemi district during 1938. Bergcultures, 13(22):739-740.

Shaw DE, 1984. Microorganisms in Papua New Guinea. Research Bulletin, Department of Primary Industry, Papua New Guinea, No.33:vii + 344 pp.

Silva SDVM, 1989. Pathogenicity of Ganoderma philippii to annatto in Bahia State. Agrotropica, 1(2):153-154

Singh KG, 1980. A check list of host and disease in Malaysia. Bulletin Ministry of Agriculture Malaysia, No.154:280 pp.

Stalpers JA, 1978. Identification of wood-inhabiting Aphyllophorales in pure culture. Studies in Mycology, 166:1-248.

Steyaert RL, 1967. Les Ganoderma palmicoles. Bulletin Jardin Botanique Nationale Belgique, 37:465-492.

Steyaert RL, 1972. Species of Ganoderma and related genera mainly of the Bogor and Leiden herbaria. Persoonia, 7:55-118.

Steyaert RL, 1975. The concept and circumscription of Ganoderma tornatum. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 65(3):451-467

Steyaert RL, 1975a. Ganoderma philippii. CMI Descriptions of Plant Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria, No. 446. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

Steyaert RL, 1980. Study of some Ganoderma species. Bulletin Jardin Botanique Nationale Belgique, 50:135-186.

Tai FL, 1979. Sylloge fungorum Sinicorum. Sylloge fungorum Sinicorum. Peking, China: Science Press, Academia Sinica, 1527 pp.

Tan AM, Lim TM, 1971. Development of a collar protectant dressing against Ganoderma pseudoferreum. Proceedings of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaya Planters' Conference, 1971. . Malaysia, 172-178

Tarjot M, 1964. Notes on the propagation of root rots. Agronmie Tropicale, 19:203-218.

Taysum DH, 1966. Pathological Division. Report of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaya, 1965, 55-65.

Turner GJ, 1967. Plant Pathology Division. Rep. Res. Brch, Dep. Agric.

Turner PD, 1971. Micro-organisms associated with oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Phytopathological Papers, No. 14.

UK CAB International, 1993. Ganoderma philippii. [Distribution map]. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, October (Edition 4). Wallingford, UK: CAB International, Map 98.

West J, 1938. A preliminary list of plant diseases in Nigeria. Kew Bulletin, 1:17-23.

Wijewantha RT, 1953. List of fungal sporophores in the forest department herbarium. Ceylon Forester, N.S., I, 2:109-111.

Zhang KM, Chee KH, 1989. Hevea diseases of economic importance in China. Planter, 65(754):3-8

Zhao JD, 1989. The Ganodermataceae in China. Bibliotheca Mycologica Band 132. Berlin-Stuttgart, Germany: J. Cramer.

Distribution Maps

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Distribution map Bangladesh: Present
Rahman, 1988; UK CAB International, 1993Brazil: Present
UK CAB International, 1993Brazil
See regional map for distribution within the countryBrazil
See regional map for distribution within the countryCentral African Republic: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1993; Saccas, 1953Congo: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1993; Saccas, 1953Côte d'Ivoire: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1993; Tarjot, 1964China: Present
Zhang & Chee, 1989; UK CAB International, 1993China: Present
Zhang & Chee, 1989; UK CAB International, 1993China
See regional map for distribution within the countryGabon: Present
UK CAB International, 1993; Saccas, 1953Indonesia: Restricted distribution
UK CAB International, 1993Indonesia: Restricted distribution
UK CAB International, 1993Indonesia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndonesia
See regional map for distribution within the countryIndia: Restricted distribution
UK CAB International, 1993; Kiamal, 1953Sri Lanka: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1993; Wijewantha, 1953Myanmar: Widespread
Steyaert, 1972Malaysia: Restricted distribution
UK CAB International, 1993Malaysia
See regional map for distribution within the countryMalaysia
See regional map for distribution within the countryMalaysia
See regional map for distribution within the countryNew Caledonia: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1993; Bugnicourt & Marty, 1961Nigeria: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1993; West, 1938Papua New Guinea: Widespread
Shaw, 1984; UK CAB International, 1993Papua New Guinea: Widespread
Shaw, 1984; UK CAB International, 1993Solomon Islands: Present
Corner, 1983Singapore: Present
Steyaert, 1972Vietnam: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1993; My, 1966Congo Democratic Republic: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1993; Anon, 1938
  • = Present, no further details
  • = Evidence of pathogen
  • = Widespread
  • = Last reported
  • = Localised
  • = Presence unconfirmed
  • = Confined and subject to quarantine
  • = See regional map for distribution within the country
  • = Occasional or few reports
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Distribution map (asia) Bangladesh: Present
Rahman, 1988; UK CAB International, 1993China: Present
Zhang & Chee, 1989; UK CAB International, 1993Guangdong: Present
Tai, 1979; UK CAB International, 1993Indonesia: Restricted distribution
UK CAB International, 1993Java: Present
Schoorel, 1939; UK CAB International, 1993; Leefmans, 1930; Leefmans, 1934Sumatra: Present
Schooneveldt, 1939; UK CAB International, 1993India: Restricted distribution
UK CAB International, 1993; Kiamal, 1953Sri Lanka: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1993; Wijewantha, 1953Myanmar: Widespread
Steyaert, 1972Malaysia: Restricted distribution
UK CAB International, 1993Peninsular Malaysia: Present
Anon, 1974; Singh, 1980; UK CAB International, 1993; Beeley, 1939; Beeley, 1940Sabah: Present
JOHNSTON, 1960; Singh, 1980; UK CAB International, 1993Sarawak: Present
Singh, 1980; UK CAB International, 1993; Turner, 1967Papua New Guinea: Widespread
Shaw, 1984; UK CAB International, 1993Singapore: Present
Steyaert, 1972Vietnam: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1993; My, 1966
Distribution map (europe)
Distribution map (africa) Central African Republic: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1993; Saccas, 1953Congo: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1993; Saccas, 1953Côte d'Ivoire: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1993; Tarjot, 1964Gabon: Present
UK CAB International, 1993; Saccas, 1953Nigeria: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1993; West, 1938Congo Democratic Republic: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1993; Anon, 1938
Distribution map (north america)
Distribution map (central america)
Distribution map (south america) Brazil: Present
UK CAB International, 1993Amazonas: Present
Batista, 1982; UK CAB International, 1993Bahia: Present
Silva, 1989; UK CAB International, 1993
Distribution map (pacific) China: Present
Zhang & Chee, 1989; UK CAB International, 1993Indonesia: Restricted distribution
UK CAB International, 1993New Caledonia: Widespread
UK CAB International, 1993; Bugnicourt & Marty, 1961Papua New Guinea: Widespread
Shaw, 1984; UK CAB International, 1993Solomon Islands: Present
Corner, 1983