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Datasheet

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici (Fusarium crown rot)

Summary

  • Last modified
  • 20 January 2015
  • Datasheet Type(s)
  • Pest
  • Preferred Scientific Name
  • Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici
  • Preferred Common Name
  • Fusarium crown rot
  • Taxonomic Tree
  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Fungi
  •         Phylum: Ascomycota
  •             Subphylum: Pezizomycotina
  •                 Class: Sordariomycetes
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Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

  • Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici Jarvis & Shoemaker

Preferred Common Name

  • Fusarium crown rot

International Common Names

  • Spanish: Fusarium del tomate
  • French: maladie de la pourriture des racines

Local Common Names

  • Canada: crown and foot rot
  • France: pourriture brune
  • Italy: il marciume basale del pomodoro

EPPO code

  • FUSARL (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopers

Taxonomic Tree

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  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Fungi
  •         Phylum: Ascomycota
  •             Subphylum: Pezizomycotina
  •                 Class: Sordariomycetes
  •                     Subclass: Hypocreomycetidae
  •                         Order: Hypocreales
  •                             Family: Nectriaceae
  •                                 Genus: Fusarium
  •                                     Species: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

CountryDistributionLast ReportedOriginFirst ReportedInvasiveReferencesNotes

ASIA

IsraelPresentCMI, 1984
JapanPresentCMI, 1984
-HokkaidoPresentCMI, 1984
TurkeyPresentCan et al., 2004
United Arab EmiratesRestricted distributionAl-Ahmad, 1994

AFRICA

EgyptPresent, few occurrencesAbdalla et al., 1998
South AfricaPresentJacobs & Heerden, 2012
TunisiaPresentHajlaoui et al., 2001

NORTH AMERICA

CanadaPresentCMI, 1984
-OntarioPresentCMI, 1984
MexicoAbsent, intercepted onlyVanachter, 1990; Estrada-Ramirez & Leyva-Mir, 1990
USAPresentCMI, 1984
-CaliforniaPresentCMI, 1984
-FloridaRestricted distributionCMI, 1984; Rosewich et al., 1998
-MississippiWidespreadKillebrew et al., 2000
-OhioPresentCMI, 1984
-PennsylvaniaRestricted distributionRicker, 1987

SOUTH AMERICA

ChilePresentSepúlveda-Chavera et al., 2014

EUROPE

BulgariaRestricted distributionIlieva & Vuchev, 2000
GreecePresentCMI, 1984
-CretePresentCMI, 1984
ItalyPresentPrimo & Cartia, 2001
-SardiniaPresentFranceschini et al., 1996
MaltaPresentPorta-Puglia & Mifsud, 2005
SpainRestricted distributionEPPO, 2014

OCEANIA

Australia
-QueenslandRestricted distributionRamsey et al., 1992
-Western AustraliaWidespreadAgriculture Western Australia, 2000

Host plants/Plants Affected

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Plant nameFamilyContext
Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)SolanaceaeMain

Growth Stages

Top of pageVegetative growing stage

List of Symptoms

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SignLife StagesType

Leaves

yellowed or dead

Roots

rot of wood

Stems

internal discoloration

Whole plant

plant dead; dieback

Natural Enemies

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Natural enemyTypeLife stagesSpecificityReferencesBiological control inBiological control on
Fusarium oxysporumPathogenHyphaeUK
Glomus intraradicesAntagonist
Trichoderma harzianumAntagonistHyphaeUK

Pathway Vectors

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VectorNotesLong DistanceLocalReferences
Soil, sand, gravel etc.Mycelium, chlamydosporesYes

Plant Trade

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Plant parts liable to carry the pest in trade/transportPest stagesBorne internallyBorne externallyVisibility of pest or symptoms
Stems (above ground), Shoots, Trunks, Brancheshyphae; sporesNoPest or symptoms not visible to the naked eye but usually visible under light microscope
Plant parts not known to carry the pest in trade/transport
Growing medium accompanying plants
Roots
Seedlings, Micropropagated plants
True seeds (inc. grain)

References

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Abdalla ME, Elwakil MA, Mathur SB, 1998. Fusarium Oxysporum associated with tomato seeds in Egypt. World Wide Web page at www.bspp.org.uk/icpp98/abstracts/4.8/6.html.

Agriculture Western Australia, 2000. 64. Part of Highway to Horticulture CD - Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici) of tomatoes. Part of Farmnote no. 93/91 URL: www.agric.wa.gov.au/agency/Pubns/H2H/5c72d27.htm.

Alabouvette C, Schippers B, Lemanceau P, Bakker PAHM, 1998. Biological control of fusarium wilts: towards development of commercial products. In: Boland GJ, Kuykendall LD, eds. Plant-Microbe Interactions and Biological Control. New York, USA: Marcel Dekker, 15-36.

Al-Ahmad M, 1994. Disease and pest outbreaks. United Arab Emirates. First record of Fusarium crown rot on tomato in UAE. Arab and Near East Plant Protection Newsletter, No. 19:39.

Apodaca-Sánchez MA, Zavaleta-Mejía E, García Espinoza RO, 1994. Effect of six crops on crown and root rot of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f.sp. radicis-lycopersici Jarvis & Shoemaker. Fitopatología, 29(1):86-93; 23 ref.

Armstrong GM, Armstrong JK, 1981. Formae speciales and races of Fusarium oxysporum causing wilt diseases. In: Nelson PE, Toussoun A, Cook RJ, eds. Fusarium: diseases, biology and taxonomy. University Park, Pennsylvania, USA and London, UK: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 391-399.

Bakker PAHM, Raaijmakers JM, Schippers B, 1998. Siderophore receptor as a marker to track fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. In: Akkermans ADL, Elsas JD Van, Bruijn FJ De, eds. Molecular Microbial Ecology Manual 6.1.4. Dordrecht, Germany: Kluwer, 1-9.

Benhamou N, Kloepper JW, Tuzun S, 1998. Induction of resistance against Fusarium wilt of tomato by combination of chitosan with an endophytic bacterial strain: ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the host response. Planta, 204(2):153-168; 38 ref.

Benhamou N, Lafontaine PJ, Nicole M, 1994. Induction of systemic resistance to Fusarium crown and root rot in tomato plants by seed treatment with chitosan. Phytopathology, 84(12):1432-1444; 43 ref.

Benhamou N, Rey P, Chérif M, Hockenhull J, Tirilly Y, 1997. Treatment with the mycoparasite Pythium oligandrum triggers induction of defense-related reactions in tomato roots when challenged with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici. Phytopathology, 87(1):108-122; 45 ref.

Benhamou N, Rey P, Cherif M, Hockenhull J, Tirilly Y, 1997. Treatment with the mycoparasite Pythium oligandrum triggers induction of defense-related reactions in tomato roots when challenged with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici. Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada: Université Laval. Phytopathology, 87(1):108-122.

Blondeel R, Jamart G, Kamoen O, 1991. Epidemiology of Fusarium oxysporum radicis lycopersici.. Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, 56(2b):369-373; 7 ref.

Bochow H, 1992. Phytosanitary effects of Bacillus subtilis as biocontrol agent. Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen, Universiteit Gent, 57(2b):387-393; 11 ref.

Bochow H, Dolej S, Lyr H (ed.), Russell PE (ed.), Dehne HW (ed.), Sisler HD, 1999. Mechanisms of tolerance induction in plants by root colonising Bacillus subtilis isolates. Modern fungicides and antifungal compounds II. 12th International Reinhardsbrunn Symposium, Friedrichroda, Thuringia, Germany, 24-29 May 1998. Andover, UK: Intercept Limited, 411-416.

Boer M De, Sluis I Van der, Loon LC Van, Bakker PAHM, 1998. In vitro compatibility between fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. strains can increase effectivity of Fusarium wilt control by combinations of these strains. In: Duffy BK, Rosenberger U, DJfago G, eds. Molecular Approaches to Biological Control. IOBC/wprs Bulletin 21(9):257-262.

Bourbos VA, Skoudridakis MT, 1991. Control of tomato brown root rot in the greenhouse using soil solarization. Bulletin SROP, 14(5):172-177; 11 ref.

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Can C, Yucel S, Korolev N, Katan T, 2004. First report of fusarium crown and root rot of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici in Turkey. Plant Pathology, 53(6):814. http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/ppa

Caron M, Fortin JA, Richard C, 1986. Effect of phosphorus concentration and Glomus intraradices on Fusarium crown and root rot of tomatoes. Phytopathology, 76(9):942-946; 18 ref.

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Chin-A-Woeng TFC, Bloemberg GV, Bij AJvan der, Drift KMGMvan der, Schripsema J, Kroon B, Scheffer RJ, Keel C, Bakker PAHM, Tichy HV, Bruijn FJde, Thomas-Oates JE, Lugtenberg BJJ, 1998. Biocontrol by phenazine-1-carboxamide-producing Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1391 of tomato root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 11(11):1069-1077; 43 ref.

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Dolej S, 1998. Effects of metabolites from the rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn in the pathosystem tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) - Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici Jarvis & Shoemaker. Dissertation. Humboldt-UniversitSt zu Berlin, Landw.-GSrtn. FakultSt.

Duffy BK, Défago G, 1999. Macro- and microelement fertilizers influence the severity of Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato in a soilless production system. HortScience, 34(2):287-291; 34 ref.

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Estrada Ramírez FJ, Leyva Mir GS, 1990. Aetiology of the crown and root rot of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) in Sinaloa and San Luis Potosi^tail~, and research on sources of resistance to the pathogen. Revista Chapingo, 15(67-68):13-16; 8 ref.

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Fazio G, Stevens MR, Scott JW, 1999. Identification of RAPD markers linked to Fusarium crown and root rot resistance (Frl) in tomato. Euphytica, 105(3):205-210; 31 ref.

Franceschini A, Maddau L, Corda P, Ionta G, 1996. Observations on Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato and its control in Sardinia. [Osservazioni sul 'marciume basale' del pomodoro e sui relativi mezzi di lota in Sardegna]. Difesa delle Piante, 19(4):125-138.

Gillespie DR, Menzies JG, 1993. Fungus gnats vector Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici. Annals of Applied Biology, 123(3):539-544; 21 ref.

Hajlaoui MR, Hamza N, Gargouri S, Guermech A, 2001. Appearance in Tunisia of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, causing root and collar rot of tomato. (Apparition en Tunisie de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, agent de la pourriture des racines et du collet de la tomate.) Bulletin OEPP, 31(4):505-507.

Hartman JR, Fletcher JT, 1991. Fusarium crown and root rot of tomatoes in the UK. Plant Pathology, 40(1):85-92; 17 ref.

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Jacobs A, Heerden SWvan, 2012. First report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici in South Africa. Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 7(1):29-32. http://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13314-011-0039-1/fulltext.html

Jamart G, Bakonyi J, Kamoen O, 1994. UV disinfection of recirculating nutrient solution in closed horticulture systems. Mededelingen - Faculteit Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen, Universiteit Gent, 59(3a):1071-1078; 16 ref.

Jarvis WR, Thorpe HJ, 1981. Control of fusarium foot and root rot of tomato by soil amendment with lettuce residues. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 3(3):159-162

Jones JP, Woltz SS, Scott JW, 1990. Factors affecting development of Fusarium crown rot of tomato. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 103:142-148; 5 ref.

Katan T, Shlevin E, Katan J, 1997. Sporulation of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici on stem surfaces of tomato plants and aerial dissemination of inoculum. Phytopathology, 87(7):712-719; 36 ref.

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Kourany E, Arnason JT, 1988. Accumulation of phototoxic thiophenes in Tagetes erecta (Asteraceae) elicited by Fusarium oxysporum.. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 33(2):287-297; 26 ref.

Kusunoki M, Tezuka N, 1994. The pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici to several plants. Proceedings of the Kansai Plant Protection Society, No. 36:1-6; 11 ref.

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Distribution Maps

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Distribution map United Arab Emirates: Restricted distribution
Al-Ahmad, 1994United Arab Emirates: Restricted distribution
Al-Ahmad, 1994Australia
See regional map for distribution within the countryAustralia
See regional map for distribution within the countryBulgaria: Restricted distribution
Ilieva & Vuchev, 2000Canada: Present
CMI, 1984Canada
See regional map for distribution within the countryChile: Present
Sepúlveda-Chavera et al., 2014Egypt: Present, few occurrences
Abdalla et al., 1998Spain: Restricted distribution
EPPO, 2014Spain: Restricted distribution
EPPO, 2014Greece: Present
CMI, 1984Greece: Present
CMI, 1984Greece
See regional map for distribution within the countryGreece
See regional map for distribution within the countryIsrael: Present
CMI, 1984Israel: Present
CMI, 1984Italy: Present
Primo & Cartia, 2001Italy
See regional map for distribution within the countryJapan: Present
CMI, 1984Japan
See regional map for distribution within the countryMalta: Present
Porta-Puglia & Mifsud, 2005Malta: Present
Porta-Puglia & Mifsud, 2005Tunisia: Present
Hajlaoui et al., 2001Tunisia: Present
Hajlaoui et al., 2001Turkey: Present
Can et al., 2004Turkey: Present
Can et al., 2004Turkey: Present
Can et al., 2004USA: Present
CMI, 1984USA: Present
CMI, 1984USA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countryUSA
See regional map for distribution within the countrySouth Africa: Present
Jacobs & Heerden, 2012
  • = Present, no further details
  • = Evidence of pathogen
  • = Widespread
  • = Last reported
  • = Localised
  • = Presence unconfirmed
  • = Confined and subject to quarantine
  • = See regional map for distribution within the country
  • = Occasional or few reports
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Distribution map (asia) United Arab Emirates: Restricted distribution
Al-Ahmad, 1994Israel: Present
CMI, 1984Japan: Present
CMI, 1984Hokkaido: Present
CMI, 1984Turkey: Present
Can et al., 2004
Distribution map (europe) Bulgaria: Restricted distribution
Ilieva & Vuchev, 2000Spain: Restricted distribution
EPPO, 2014Greece: Present
CMI, 1984Crete: Present
CMI, 1984Italy: Present
Primo & Cartia, 2001Sardinia: Present
Franceschini et al., 1996Malta: Present
Porta-Puglia & Mifsud, 2005Tunisia: Present
Hajlaoui et al., 2001Turkey: Present
Can et al., 2004
Distribution map (africa) United Arab Emirates: Restricted distribution
Al-Ahmad, 1994Egypt: Present, few occurrences
Abdalla et al., 1998Spain: Restricted distribution
EPPO, 2014Greece: Present
CMI, 1984Crete: Present
CMI, 1984Israel: Present
CMI, 1984Malta: Present
Porta-Puglia & Mifsud, 2005Tunisia: Present
Hajlaoui et al., 2001Turkey: Present
Can et al., 2004South Africa: Present
Jacobs & Heerden, 2012
Distribution map (north america) Canada: Present
CMI, 1984Ontario: Present
CMI, 1984USA: Present
CMI, 1984California: Present
CMI, 1984Florida: Restricted distribution
CMI, 1984; Rosewich et al., 1998Mississippi: Widespread
Killebrew et al., 2000Ohio: Present
CMI, 1984Pennsylvania: Restricted distribution
Ricker, 1987
Distribution map (central america) USA: Present
CMI, 1984Florida: Restricted distribution
CMI, 1984; Rosewich et al., 1998
Distribution map (south america) Chile: Present
Sepúlveda-Chavera et al., 2014
Distribution map (pacific) Queensland: Restricted distribution
Ramsey et al., 1992Western Australia: Widespread
Agriculture Western Australia, 2000