Exobasidium vexans (blister blight of tea)

Pictures

Picture	Title	Caption	Copyright
Title Infected tea bush Caption Affected tea leaves can often be distorted, folded or irregularly rolled, owing to the development of the blister lesions on the mid-rib and the margin. Copyright H.C. Mouli	Infected tea bush	Affected tea leaves can often be distorted, folded or irregularly rolled, owing to the development of the blister lesions on the mid-rib and the margin.	H.C. Mouli
Title Tea leaves with severe symptoms Caption Spores develop from the dense white velvety growth on the leaf underside. The leaves are also distorted. Copyright H.C. Mouli	Tea leaves with severe symptoms	Spores develop from the dense white velvety growth on the leaf underside. The leaves are also distorted.	H.C. Mouli
Title Life cycle Caption From basidiospore germination through infection to outbreak of next generation of basidiospores can take 11-28 days, depending on environmental conditions. Copyright B.C. Mouli	Life cycle	From basidiospore germination through infection to outbreak of next generation of basidiospores can take 11-28 days, depending on environmental conditions.	B.C. Mouli

Identity

Preferred Scientific Name

• Exobasidium vexans Massee

Preferred Common Name

• blister blight of tea

International Common Names

• Spanish: agallas de las hojas del té
• French: cloque du théier

Local Common Names

• Germany: Blasenkrankheit: Tee
• Sri Lanka: koppala noyi

EPPO code

• EXOBVE (Exobasidium vexans)

Taxonomic Tree

• Domain: Eukaryota
•     Kingdom: Fungi
•         Phylum: Basidiomycota
•             Subphylum: Ustilaginomycotina
•                 Class: Ustilaginomycetes
•                     Subclass: Exobasidiomycetidae
•                         Order: Exobasidiales
•                             Family: Exobasidiaceae
•                                 Genus: Exobasidium
•                                     Species: Exobasidium vexans

Distribution Table

The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Host plants/Plants Affected

Growth Stages

List of Symptoms

Plant Trade

References

Agnihogthrudu V, Chandra Mouli B, 1990. Blister blight of tea and its control. Planters' Chronicle, 85:205-217.

Baby UI, Premkumar R, 1999. Blister blight disease of tea: how to achieve maximum control. Planters' Chronicle, 95(7):295-297.

Baby UI, Ravichandran R, Ganesan V, Parthiban R, Sukumar S, 1998. Effect of blister blight disease on the biochemical and quality constituents of green leaf and CTC tea. Tropical Agriculture, 75(4):452-456; 31 ref.

Balasuriya A, Kalaichelvan J, 2000. Is there potential in natural tea-phylloplane microorganisms in the control of blister blight leaf disease of tea (Camellia sinensis)?. Planter, 76(892):409-417; 11 ref.

Booth C, 1983. Exobasidium vexans. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria, No. 779. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

Burt EA, 1915. The Thelephoraceae of North America IV. Exobasidium. Annals of Missouri Botanic Gardens, 2:627-658.

Chandra Mouli B, 1985. In: Annual Report of the UPASI Scientific Department. Cinchona, Coimbatore, India: UPASI, 91-105.

Chandra Mouli B, 1992. Blister blight control - New recommendations. UPASI Handbook of Tea Culture, Section 13, 1-5.

Chandra Mouli B, 1992. Studies on the blister blight (Exobasidium vexans Massee, Hymenomycetes, Exobasidiales) disease affecting tea in southern India. PhD Thesis. Coimbatore, India: Bharathiar University.

Chandra Mouli B, Premkumar R, 1995. Hexaconazole - a novel fungicide in tea blister management. UPASI Tea Scientific Department Bulletin, 48:59-66.

de Jong P, 1954. Report of the Chief Scientific Officer, II. Research and Advisory. Annual Report of the UPASI Scientific Department, Tea Section for 1953-54:4-7.

de Weille GA, 1959. Blister blight control in its connection with climatic and weather conditions. Archives of Tea Cultivation, 20:1-116.

de Weille GA, 1959. The adaptation of tea cultivation to the occurrence of tea blister blight. Archives of Tea Cultivation, 20:161-192.

de Weille GA, 1959. The fungus causing blister blight. Archives of Tea Cultivation, 20(1):9-31.

EPPO, 2014. PQR database. Paris, France: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. http://www.eppo.int/DATABASES/pqr/pqr.htm

Gadd CH, Loos CA, 1950. Further observatins on the spore growth of Exobasidium vexans. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 33:19-21.

Gunasekera TS, Paul ND, Ayres PG, 1997. The effects of ultraviolet-B (UV-B: 290-320 nm) radiation on blister blight disease of tea (Camellia sinensis). Plant Pathology, 46(2):179-185; 19 ref.

Homburg K, 1955. Enige resultatan van de blister blight bestrijding proeven in het Patuhase. Bergcultures, 24:169-185.

Hudson JB, Muraleedharan N, 1998. Impact of cultural operations on blister blight control. Planters' Chronicle, 93(8):360-361.

Huysmans CP, 1952. Bestrijding van blister blight (Exobasidium vexans) in thee op. Sumatra. Bergcultures, 21:419-464.

Kerr A, Rodrigo WRF, 1967. Epidemiology of tea blister blight (Exobasidium vexans). IV Disease forecasting. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 50, 609-614.

Liau TL, 1966. Blister blight and its control. Taiwan Agriculture, 11:1-5.

Loos CA, 1952. Report. Tea Research Institute of Ceylon Bulletin, 34:40-49.

McNabb RFR, Talbot PHB, 1973. Holobasidiomycetidae: Exobasidiales, Brachybasidiales, Dacrymycetales. In: Ainsworth GC, Sparrow FK, Sussman AS, eds. Fungi. New York, USA: Academic Press, 317-325.

Mouli BC, Premkumar R, 1989. Control of tea blister blight (Exobasidium vexans Massee) with organic fungicides. Journal of Plantation Crops, 16(Supplement):249-253

Nozu M, Yamamoto M, 1975. Ultra-structure of leaf-gall of Thea sinensis L. caused by Exobasidium vexans Massee. Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture, Shimane University, No. 9:23-29

Ordish G, 1952. Untaken Harvest. London, UK: Constable.

Petch T, 1923. The Diseases of the Tea Bush. London, UK: Macmillan.

Premkumar R, Baby UI, 1996. Cost effective blister blight control. Bulletin - United Planters' Association of Southern India, No. 49:47-54; 8 ref.

Rajalakshmi N, Ramarethinam S, 2000. The role of Exobasidium vexans Massee in flavanoid synthesis by Cammelia assamica Shneider. Journal of Plantation Crops, 28(1):19-29; 28 ref.

Reitsma J, van Emden JH, 1949. De bladpokkenziekte can de thee. Bergcultures, 16:218-231.

Reitsma J, van Emden JH, 1950. De bladgallenziekte van de thee in Indonesia. Archives of Tea Cultivation, 17:71-76.

Savile DBO, 1959. Notes on Exobasidium. Canadian Journal of Botany, 37:641-656.

Schweizer J, 1950. De situatic inzake de blister blight van de thee op Sumatra's Oost Kust. Bergcultures, 19:207-211.

Shanmuganathan N, Arulpragasam PV, 1966. Epidemiology of tea blister blight ( Exobasidium vexans) II. The diurnal and seasonal periodicity of spores in the air over a tea estate. Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 49, 219-226.

Subba Rao MK, 1946. Blister blight of tea in South India. Paper No. 4. Coonoor, India: United Planters' Association of Southern India.

Sugha SK, 1997. Perpetuation and seasonal build-up of Exobasidium vexans, causal agent of blister blight of tea in Himachal Pradesh. Tropical Science, 37(2):123-128; 7 ref.

Sugha SK, Singh BM, 1990. Comparative efficacy of fungicides against blister blight of tea (Exobasidium vexans Massee). Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 20(3):211-219

Talbot PHB, 1954. Micromorphology of lower Hymenomycetes. Bothalia, 6:249-299.

UK CAB International, 1990. Exobasidium vexans. [Distribution map]. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, October (Edition 5). Wallingford, UK: CAB International, Map 45.

Venkata Ram CS, 1964. Plant protection problems in tea - blister blight control in southern India. Plant Protection Bulletin, 16:1-12.

Venkata Ram CS, 1968. In: Annual Report of the UPASI Scientific Department 1967-68. Cinchona, Coimbatore, India: UPASI, 31-56.

Venkata Ram CS, 1973. In: Annual Report of the UPASI Scientific Department 1972-73. Cinchona, Coimbatore, India: UPASI, 7-27.

Venkata Ram CS, 1983. Pathogens and pests of tea. In: Singh KG, ed. Exotic Plant Quarantine Pests and Procedures for Introduction of Plant Materials. Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia: Asian Plant Quarantine Centre and Training Institute, 117-144.

Venkata Ram CS, Chandra Mouli B, 1983. Interaction of dosage, spray interval and fungicide action in blister blight disease control in tea. Crop Protection, 2:27-36.

Venkata Ram CS, Venkataramani KS, 1968. Blister-like malformations on tea seedlings. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences B, 68(6):304-307.

Venkataramani KS, 1950. Annual Report of the UPASI Scientific Department, Tea Section, for 1949-50. Cinchona, Coimbatore, India: UPASI, 23.

Venkataramani KS, 1973. Shade for tea in relation to environment. Planters' Chronicle, 68:267-275.

Distribution Maps

• = Present, no further details
• = Evidence of pathogen
• = Widespread
• = Last reported
• = Localised
• = Presence unconfirmed
• = Confined and subject to quarantine
• = See regional map for distribution within the country
• = Occasional or few reports

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